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Hasina fled to save herself, leaving her father destroyed
The simple term to describe political changes that have taken place around the world is "revolution." There was a time when the communists would use the term "revolution" very frequently, whether relevant or not. Now they don't even utter the word. The political change of power that occurs from...
en.prothomalo.com
Hasina fled to save herself, leaving her father destroyed
Mohiuddin Ahmad
Updated: 20 Aug 2024, 19: 12
Vandalised mural of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at the ground floor of demolished Bangabandhu Museum at Dhanmondi 32 Zahidul Salim
The simple term to describe political changes that have taken place around the world is "revolution." There was a time when the communists would use the term "revolution" very frequently, whether relevant or not. Now they don't even utter the word. The political change of power that occurs from time to time is often violent. Change of power comprises two sides, the victors and the defeated. The victors call it revolution, the defeated call it conspiracy.
A one-party rule (BKSAL) descended upon the country in 1975. There was no provision kept in the constitution for change of government. The constitution stated that if there was to be any change, that would be in accordance to the wishes of the president. On 15 August power changed hands through a massacre. President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed along with his family.
The 1975 uprising was transpired by an angered and provoked section of the ruling party. A section of the army joined hands with them
Sheikh Mujibur's government was toppled at a time when its popularity was in the dregs. There was a time when Sheikh Mujib was at the pinnacle of popularity. He had attained that position even before he went to power. There are few such instances in history, but the changes that took place in just a couple of years were unimaginable to many. And five decade on, the events were repeated on 5 August 2024. Surrounded by sycophants and opportunists, Sheikh Hasina thought things would continue this way forever. Even 24 hours before her downfall she perhaps could not perceive what public anger accumulated over the years could do.
The military coup of 1975 was unprecedented in our history. The military coups that took place before during the Pakistan rule had been bloodless. In 1975 it was a bloody military coup. Those who carried it out referred to it as a revolution. Later Awami League referred to it was a national and international conspiracy. My simple analysis is that the 1975 uprising was transpired by an angered and provoked section of the ruling party. A section of the army joined hands with them.
In 1971 Sheikh Mujib was the people's leader. In 1975 he was the ruler. In 1971 the Pakistan army wanted to suppress the people's movement and aspirations by whisking away Sheikh Mujib. That did not work. The 1975 move was an uprising against Sheikh Mujib's rule. While the people were not directly involved in the uprising, it had their support. Other than the ruling party, almost all other political parties supported the 1975 coup.
In 1990 we saw power changing hands again. A wave of enthusiasm and euphoria swept over the people -- we had overcome the state of military rule, in uniform or out, and had entered the realm of democracy. But it didn't take long for that bubble to burst. We have seen a continuity of autocratic rule in the garb of democratic government.
The one-party rule which we had seen from the seventies did not change even after the so-called switch over to democracy. We saw the rule of an individual. It was Khaleda, then Hasina, then Khaleda and their families that held the country hostage. Then 1/11 came along and shook things up a bit. But the politicians learnt nothing from 1/11.
Post 1/11, it was the Sheikh Hasina government that ruled the country at a stretch from 2009 to 2024. Three farcical or one-sided elections were held in this span of time. Sheikh Hasina would decide how many seats her party would get and how many the opposition would be given. We haven't seen or heard of such a situation anywhere. The government was run by one person, her family, her kith and kin, sycophants and goons. The people were simmering in anger, but found no way to give voice to their ire.
The political parties of the conventional ilk in country could hardly do anything. They held rallies and processions, they were attacked and injured, then beat a retreat. When the student movement took off in the name of quota reforms, it was not perceived that this movement would take on such massive proportions. The strategy adopted by the government to suppress this movement was the strategy of absolutely irrational rulers. Sheikh Hasina's stay in power, to a great extent, depended on the police force. But that protection broke down. The students simply marched on, ready to take bullets in their chests. Sheikh Hasina then called in the army. The army decided not to stand against the people. And Hasina's house of cards came tumbling down.
The question may also arise as to how justified it is to express any mourning for Sheikh Hasina's autocrat father killed five decades ago, while the blood of those who were killed to fulfill her lust for power still remains fresh. This is a new discourse.
The anger of the people, the manner in which this ire was manifest, went even beyond Sheikh Hasina, Awami League and her sycophants, and fell upon Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Sheikh Mujib had gradually prepared the people of this country for independence. His house on Dhanmondi Road 32, which had been made into a museum, was vandalised.
For 15 years we had seen that every year on the morning of 15 August, Dhanmondi Road 32 was blocked on either side because the prime minister would be coming to lay wreaths at Bangabandhu's mural. Once she finished paying her respects, the road would be opened. All government officials were obliged to go there with banners. The party leaders and activists would hire people from all over to come there in exchange of money. The people were not participants in this display of mourning. On 15 August this year we saw similar people with sticks, bamboos and poles, taking over the road and beating up people.
The deceased Sheikh Mujib has had to pay the price of the anger, the ire and the frustration against Sheikh Hasina and her various strategies to cling on to power. Hasina has fled and saved herself, destroying her father Sheikh Mujib.
The language of protest in this country is manifest in damaging vehicles, setting fire to the homes of the opponents, beating up the opponents. But the question will arise today or tomorrow whether the burning of the house on Road 32 can be categorised as the same.
In 1971 people thronged the house on Road 32, arriving there in streams. In 1975 the bloody coup took place there, and later the house was set on fire. Many might gain a sort of sadist pleasure in siding with the attack, with slogans against fascism. They are unwilling to risk mob popularity by stating that this event may cast a slur, however minor, on the recent mass uprising.
Then again, the question may also arise as to how justified it is to express any mourning for Sheikh Hasina's autocrat father killed five decades ago, while the blood of those who were killed to fulfill her lust for power still remains fresh. This is a new discourse. Sheikh Hasina's rule was riddled with flaws. Innumerable people were victim of her arrogance and her vengeance. There is need for such evil politics to come to an end.
In recent years Awami League spread hatred about their political opponent Ziaur Rahman, the founder of BNP. They denied that Ziaur Rahman has been a freedom fighter. This hurt many people and so naturally there will be counter reaction to that. That befell the house on Road 32. Nothing healthy emanates from the politics of hate.
* Mohiuddin Ahmad is a writer and researcher
Mohiuddin Ahmad
Updated: 20 Aug 2024, 19: 12
Vandalised mural of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at the ground floor of demolished Bangabandhu Museum at Dhanmondi 32 Zahidul Salim
The simple term to describe political changes that have taken place around the world is "revolution." There was a time when the communists would use the term "revolution" very frequently, whether relevant or not. Now they don't even utter the word. The political change of power that occurs from time to time is often violent. Change of power comprises two sides, the victors and the defeated. The victors call it revolution, the defeated call it conspiracy.
A one-party rule (BKSAL) descended upon the country in 1975. There was no provision kept in the constitution for change of government. The constitution stated that if there was to be any change, that would be in accordance to the wishes of the president. On 15 August power changed hands through a massacre. President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed along with his family.
The 1975 uprising was transpired by an angered and provoked section of the ruling party. A section of the army joined hands with them
Sheikh Mujibur's government was toppled at a time when its popularity was in the dregs. There was a time when Sheikh Mujib was at the pinnacle of popularity. He had attained that position even before he went to power. There are few such instances in history, but the changes that took place in just a couple of years were unimaginable to many. And five decade on, the events were repeated on 5 August 2024. Surrounded by sycophants and opportunists, Sheikh Hasina thought things would continue this way forever. Even 24 hours before her downfall she perhaps could not perceive what public anger accumulated over the years could do.
The military coup of 1975 was unprecedented in our history. The military coups that took place before during the Pakistan rule had been bloodless. In 1975 it was a bloody military coup. Those who carried it out referred to it as a revolution. Later Awami League referred to it was a national and international conspiracy. My simple analysis is that the 1975 uprising was transpired by an angered and provoked section of the ruling party. A section of the army joined hands with them.
In 1971 Sheikh Mujib was the people's leader. In 1975 he was the ruler. In 1971 the Pakistan army wanted to suppress the people's movement and aspirations by whisking away Sheikh Mujib. That did not work. The 1975 move was an uprising against Sheikh Mujib's rule. While the people were not directly involved in the uprising, it had their support. Other than the ruling party, almost all other political parties supported the 1975 coup.
In 1990 we saw power changing hands again. A wave of enthusiasm and euphoria swept over the people -- we had overcome the state of military rule, in uniform or out, and had entered the realm of democracy. But it didn't take long for that bubble to burst. We have seen a continuity of autocratic rule in the garb of democratic government.
The one-party rule which we had seen from the seventies did not change even after the so-called switch over to democracy. We saw the rule of an individual. It was Khaleda, then Hasina, then Khaleda and their families that held the country hostage. Then 1/11 came along and shook things up a bit. But the politicians learnt nothing from 1/11.
Post 1/11, it was the Sheikh Hasina government that ruled the country at a stretch from 2009 to 2024. Three farcical or one-sided elections were held in this span of time. Sheikh Hasina would decide how many seats her party would get and how many the opposition would be given. We haven't seen or heard of such a situation anywhere. The government was run by one person, her family, her kith and kin, sycophants and goons. The people were simmering in anger, but found no way to give voice to their ire.
The political parties of the conventional ilk in country could hardly do anything. They held rallies and processions, they were attacked and injured, then beat a retreat. When the student movement took off in the name of quota reforms, it was not perceived that this movement would take on such massive proportions. The strategy adopted by the government to suppress this movement was the strategy of absolutely irrational rulers. Sheikh Hasina's stay in power, to a great extent, depended on the police force. But that protection broke down. The students simply marched on, ready to take bullets in their chests. Sheikh Hasina then called in the army. The army decided not to stand against the people. And Hasina's house of cards came tumbling down.
The question may also arise as to how justified it is to express any mourning for Sheikh Hasina's autocrat father killed five decades ago, while the blood of those who were killed to fulfill her lust for power still remains fresh. This is a new discourse.
The anger of the people, the manner in which this ire was manifest, went even beyond Sheikh Hasina, Awami League and her sycophants, and fell upon Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Sheikh Mujib had gradually prepared the people of this country for independence. His house on Dhanmondi Road 32, which had been made into a museum, was vandalised.
For 15 years we had seen that every year on the morning of 15 August, Dhanmondi Road 32 was blocked on either side because the prime minister would be coming to lay wreaths at Bangabandhu's mural. Once she finished paying her respects, the road would be opened. All government officials were obliged to go there with banners. The party leaders and activists would hire people from all over to come there in exchange of money. The people were not participants in this display of mourning. On 15 August this year we saw similar people with sticks, bamboos and poles, taking over the road and beating up people.
The deceased Sheikh Mujib has had to pay the price of the anger, the ire and the frustration against Sheikh Hasina and her various strategies to cling on to power. Hasina has fled and saved herself, destroying her father Sheikh Mujib.
The language of protest in this country is manifest in damaging vehicles, setting fire to the homes of the opponents, beating up the opponents. But the question will arise today or tomorrow whether the burning of the house on Road 32 can be categorised as the same.
In 1971 people thronged the house on Road 32, arriving there in streams. In 1975 the bloody coup took place there, and later the house was set on fire. Many might gain a sort of sadist pleasure in siding with the attack, with slogans against fascism. They are unwilling to risk mob popularity by stating that this event may cast a slur, however minor, on the recent mass uprising.
Then again, the question may also arise as to how justified it is to express any mourning for Sheikh Hasina's autocrat father killed five decades ago, while the blood of those who were killed to fulfill her lust for power still remains fresh. This is a new discourse. Sheikh Hasina's rule was riddled with flaws. Innumerable people were victim of her arrogance and her vengeance. There is need for such evil politics to come to an end.
In recent years Awami League spread hatred about their political opponent Ziaur Rahman, the founder of BNP. They denied that Ziaur Rahman has been a freedom fighter. This hurt many people and so naturally there will be counter reaction to that. That befell the house on Road 32. Nothing healthy emanates from the politics of hate.
* Mohiuddin Ahmad is a writer and researcher
- Joined
- Jan 24, 2024
- Messages
- 3,625
- Questions Answered
- 1
Hasina fled to save herself, leaving her father destroyed
The simple term to describe political changes that have taken place around the world is "revolution." There was a time when the communists would use the term "revolution" very frequently, whether relevant or not. Now they don't even utter the word. The political change of power that occurs from...
Hasina fled to save herself, leaving her father destroyed
Mohiuddin Ahmad
Updated: 20 Aug 2024, 19: 12
View attachment 7694
Vandalised mural of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at the ground floor of demolished Bangabandhu Museum at Dhanmondi 32 Zahidul Salim
The simple term to describe political changes that have taken place around the world is "revolution." There was a time when the communists would use the term "revolution" very frequently, whether relevant or not. Now they don't even utter the word. The political change of power that occurs from time to time is often violent. Change of power comprises two sides, the victors and the defeated. The victors call it revolution, the defeated call it conspiracy.
A one-party rule (BKSAL) descended upon the country in 1975. There was no provision kept in the constitution for change of government. The constitution stated that if there was to be any change, that would be in accordance to the wishes of the president. On 15 August power changed hands through a massacre. President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed along with his family.
The 1975 uprising was transpired by an angered and provoked section of the ruling party. A section of the army joined hands with them
Sheikh Mujibur's government was toppled at a time when its popularity was in the dregs. There was a time when Sheikh Mujib was at the pinnacle of popularity. He had attained that position even before he went to power. There are few such instances in history, but the changes that took place in just a couple of years were unimaginable to many. And five decade on, the events were repeated on 5 August 2024. Surrounded by sycophants and opportunists, Sheikh Hasina thought things would continue this way forever. Even 24 hours before her downfall she perhaps could not perceive what public anger accumulated over the years could do.
The military coup of 1975 was unprecedented in our history. The military coups that took place before during the Pakistan rule had been bloodless. In 1975 it was a bloody military coup. Those who carried it out referred to it as a revolution. Later Awami League referred to it was a national and international conspiracy. My simple analysis is that the 1975 uprising was transpired by an angered and provoked section of the ruling party. A section of the army joined hands with them.
In 1971 Sheikh Mujib was the people's leader. In 1975 he was the ruler. In 1971 the Pakistan army wanted to suppress the people's movement and aspirations by whisking away Sheikh Mujib. That did not work. The 1975 move was an uprising against Sheikh Mujib's rule. While the people were not directly involved in the uprising, it had their support. Other than the ruling party, almost all other political parties supported the 1975 coup.
In 1990 we saw power changing hands again. A wave of enthusiasm and euphoria swept over the people -- we had overcome the state of military rule, in uniform or out, and had entered the realm of democracy. But it didn't take long for that bubble to burst. We have seen a continuity of autocratic rule in the garb of democratic government.
The one-party rule which we had seen from the seventies did not change even after the so-called switch over to democracy. We saw the rule of an individual. It was Khaleda, then Hasina, then Khaleda and their families that held the country hostage. Then 1/11 came along and shook things up a bit. But the politicians learnt nothing from 1/11.
Post 1/11, it was the Sheikh Hasina government that ruled the country at a stretch from 2009 to 2024. Three farcical or one-sided elections were held in this span of time. Sheikh Hasina would decide how many seats her party would get and how many the opposition would be given. We haven't seen or heard of such a situation anywhere. The government was run by one person, her family, her kith and kin, sycophants and goons. The people were simmering in anger, but found no way to give voice to their ire.
The political parties of the conventional ilk in country could hardly do anything. They held rallies and processions, they were attacked and injured, then beat a retreat. When the student movement took off in the name of quota reforms, it was not perceived that this movement would take on such massive proportions. The strategy adopted by the government to suppress this movement was the strategy of absolutely irrational rulers. Sheikh Hasina's stay in power, to a great extent, depended on the police force. But that protection broke down. The students simply marched on, ready to take bullets in their chests. Sheikh Hasina then called in the army. The army decided not to stand against the people. And Hasina's house of cards came tumbling down.
The question may also arise as to how justified it is to express any mourning for Sheikh Hasina's autocrat father killed five decades ago, while the blood of those who were killed to fulfill her lust for power still remains fresh. This is a new discourse.
The anger of the people, the manner in which this ire was manifest, went even beyond Sheikh Hasina, Awami League and her sycophants, and fell upon Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Sheikh Mujib had gradually prepared the people of this country for independence. His house on Dhanmondi Road 32, which had been made into a museum, was vandalised.
For 15 years we had seen that every year on the morning of 15 August, Dhanmondi Road 32 was blocked on either side because the prime minister would be coming to lay wreaths at Bangabandhu's mural. Once she finished paying her respects, the road would be opened. All government officials were obliged to go there with banners. The party leaders and activists would hire people from all over to come there in exchange of money. The people were not participants in this display of mourning. On 15 August this year we saw similar people with sticks, bamboos and poles, taking over the road and beating up people.
The deceased Sheikh Mujib has had to pay the price of the anger, the ire and the frustration against Sheikh Hasina and her various strategies to cling on to power. Hasina has fled and saved herself, destroying her father Sheikh Mujib.
The language of protest in this country is manifest in damaging vehicles, setting fire to the homes of the opponents, beating up the opponents. But the question will arise today or tomorrow whether the burning of the house on Road 32 can be categorised as the same.
In 1971 people thronged the house on Road 32, arriving there in streams. In 1975 the bloody coup took place there, and later the house was set on fire. Many might gain a sort of sadist pleasure in siding with the attack, with slogans against fascism. They are unwilling to risk mob popularity by stating that this event may cast a slur, however minor, on the recent mass uprising.
Then again, the question may also arise as to how justified it is to express any mourning for Sheikh Hasina's autocrat father killed five decades ago, while the blood of those who were killed to fulfill her lust for power still remains fresh. This is a new discourse. Sheikh Hasina's rule was riddled with flaws. Innumerable people were victim of her arrogance and her vengeance. There is need for such evil politics to come to an end.
In recent years Awami League spread hatred about their political opponent Ziaur Rahman, the founder of BNP. They denied that Ziaur Rahman has been a freedom fighter. This hurt many people and so naturally there will be counter reaction to that. That befell the house on Road 32. Nothing healthy emanates from the politics of hate.
* Mohiuddin Ahmad is a writer and researcher
The lesson received from the 1975 Sheikh Mujib family assassination and also what happened after the ouster of the Sheikh's daughter is that the people in Bangladesh will sometimes suffer the effects of tyrants silently for a few years, but once their patience wears out - then watch out!
The difference in 2024 is (hopefully) that the student movement will put into effect organizational processes (by changing out the constitution if need be) to halt any repeat of the crony capitalism, corruption and kleptocracy. The people in Bangladesh in 2024 are not the same like their grandparents in 1975. In the last twenty years, the new generation "Z" have become far more politically aware and far more educated due to social media and the Internet. They will not stand for or exchange one kleptocrat for another - any longer. Sheikh Hasina escaped the wrath of the people this time - the next kleptocrat should take a lesson and not try their luck next time - because there may be no escape then.
I was personally astonished how courageous even ten year olds have become, kids who lost their limbs -sitting and smiling in hospital beds, yet so resolved that they would not fear dying again to establish their rights. I have never seen such resolve anywhere else globally. When someone is not afraid of death, no tyrant can hold them back.
Saif
Senior Member
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โGang of 4 behind Hasinaโs fallโ
Her inner circle cut her off from ground reality, an AL leader tells an Indian newspaper
โGang of 4 behind Hasinaโs fallโ
Her inner circle cut her off from ground reality, an AL leader tells an Indian newspaper
FILE PHOTO
An Awami League leader has blamed Sheikh Hasina's inner circle, who he described as the "Gang of Four that cut her off from the ground reality", for her fall and departure, reports The Indian Express.
The Indian Express spoke to several leaders of the party who feel Hasina has abandoned them in such a situation that put their lives in danger with angry mobs targetting their homes and businesses.
"We were able to get out of our homes just in time, when the Army chief was addressing the nation around 3pm and people were glued to TV screens," one of the Awami League leaders told the Indian newspaper. "My family and I would have been lynched and burnt alive had we been caught," another leader, who was a minister, said.
The Indian Express said some of the Awami League leaders regretted the turn of events, especially the firing at the students and protesters in July, and then on August 3-4 when people came out on the streets.
One of the leaders alleged that Hasina stopped listening to them, as he blamed her inner circle "the Gang of Four".
He named Hasina's son and ICT adviser Sajeeb Wazed Joy, private industry and investment adviser Salman F Rahman, Awami League General Secretary Obaidul Quader and the then home minister Asaduzzaman Khan.
"This Gang of Four led to her downfall. She had blind faith in these people, and lost the political instinct that she had in the past," The Indian Express quoted him as saying.
The Awami League leaders also described not bringing the BNP on board for the elections in January as Hasina's "major mistake".
Citing sources, the newspaper said some AL leaders were put in touch with Tarique Rahman, the BNP acting chairman in exile in London, through intermediaries.
But Hasina did not greenlight the proposal to establish a backchannel with Tarique in January 2023, a year before the elections. Tarique was convicted of plotting the grenade attack that targeted Hasina at an Awami League rally in 2004.
"We could sense the anger among the people due to corruption, chandabaaji (extortion), police atrocitiesโฆ and getting BNP on board for the elections would have taken that steam off. We could have still won and kept the party in power," the AL leader told The Indian Express.
Even during the protests in early July, the AL leaders' bid to make Hasina meet the student movement leaders had failed, it said, citing sources.
"The last nail in the coffin was when the Detective Branch picked up the student leaders in July and released them after intimidating them and extracting a commitment to withdraw the agitation," the newspaper wrote. "The tactic backfired, and the students made it public how they had been forcibly asked to withdraw the agitation. This triggered a chain of events, leading to her flight from the country."
The Bangladesh Army in a statement said it had provided shelter to 626 people from different walks of life, including 24 political leaders, five judges, 19 civil administration officials and 28 police officers, after the downfall of Hasina. Several top AL leaders, including members of her cabinet, have been arrested in cases over killings during the protests.
Those who spoke to The India Express also feel the party, which spearheaded Bangladesh's struggle for independence after its formation 75 years ago, still has the ability to turn around despite the existential crisis.
Fir this to happen, they told the Indian newspaper, Hasina should nominate people on the ground who have a connection with the people. "This is going to be a long haul," one of the leaders said, talking about the future first steps โฆ. People are still angryโฆ We have to give them time."
Her inner circle cut her off from ground reality, an AL leader tells an Indian newspaper
FILE PHOTO
An Awami League leader has blamed Sheikh Hasina's inner circle, who he described as the "Gang of Four that cut her off from the ground reality", for her fall and departure, reports The Indian Express.
The Indian Express spoke to several leaders of the party who feel Hasina has abandoned them in such a situation that put their lives in danger with angry mobs targetting their homes and businesses.
"We were able to get out of our homes just in time, when the Army chief was addressing the nation around 3pm and people were glued to TV screens," one of the Awami League leaders told the Indian newspaper. "My family and I would have been lynched and burnt alive had we been caught," another leader, who was a minister, said.
The Indian Express said some of the Awami League leaders regretted the turn of events, especially the firing at the students and protesters in July, and then on August 3-4 when people came out on the streets.
One of the leaders alleged that Hasina stopped listening to them, as he blamed her inner circle "the Gang of Four".
He named Hasina's son and ICT adviser Sajeeb Wazed Joy, private industry and investment adviser Salman F Rahman, Awami League General Secretary Obaidul Quader and the then home minister Asaduzzaman Khan.
"This Gang of Four led to her downfall. She had blind faith in these people, and lost the political instinct that she had in the past," The Indian Express quoted him as saying.
The Awami League leaders also described not bringing the BNP on board for the elections in January as Hasina's "major mistake".
Citing sources, the newspaper said some AL leaders were put in touch with Tarique Rahman, the BNP acting chairman in exile in London, through intermediaries.
But Hasina did not greenlight the proposal to establish a backchannel with Tarique in January 2023, a year before the elections. Tarique was convicted of plotting the grenade attack that targeted Hasina at an Awami League rally in 2004.
"We could sense the anger among the people due to corruption, chandabaaji (extortion), police atrocitiesโฆ and getting BNP on board for the elections would have taken that steam off. We could have still won and kept the party in power," the AL leader told The Indian Express.
Even during the protests in early July, the AL leaders' bid to make Hasina meet the student movement leaders had failed, it said, citing sources.
"The last nail in the coffin was when the Detective Branch picked up the student leaders in July and released them after intimidating them and extracting a commitment to withdraw the agitation," the newspaper wrote. "The tactic backfired, and the students made it public how they had been forcibly asked to withdraw the agitation. This triggered a chain of events, leading to her flight from the country."
The Bangladesh Army in a statement said it had provided shelter to 626 people from different walks of life, including 24 political leaders, five judges, 19 civil administration officials and 28 police officers, after the downfall of Hasina. Several top AL leaders, including members of her cabinet, have been arrested in cases over killings during the protests.
Those who spoke to The India Express also feel the party, which spearheaded Bangladesh's struggle for independence after its formation 75 years ago, still has the ability to turn around despite the existential crisis.
Fir this to happen, they told the Indian newspaper, Hasina should nominate people on the ground who have a connection with the people. "This is going to be a long haul," one of the leaders said, talking about the future first steps โฆ. People are still angryโฆ We have to give them time."
Saif
Senior Member
- Joined
- Jan 24, 2024
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- 15,417
- Nation
- Axis Group
เฆเฆจเงเฆฆเงเฆฒเฆจเง เฆเฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆเฆชเฆฐ เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆจเง เฆคเฆฟเฆจ เฆนเงเฆฒเฆฎเงเฆเฆงเฆพเฆฐเง เฆเฆเฆ
เฆเงเฆเฆพ เฆธเฆเฆธเงเฆเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆจเงเฆฆเงเฆฒเฆจเง เฆเฆค เงงเงซ เฆเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ เฆเฆพเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆเฆจเฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆชเฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฌเฆฟเฆเฆพเฆฐเง เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆจเง เงฉ เฆเฆจเฆเง เฆจเฆฟเฆ เฆฎเฆพเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆ เฆเฆฒเฆพเฆเฆพ เฆฅเงเฆเง เฆเฆเฆ เฆเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆจ เฆฌเงเฆทเฆฎเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆงเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฐเฆพเฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฒเงเฆจ เฆเฆธเฆฟเฆเงเฆฒ เฆเฆธเฆฒเฆพเฆฎ (เงฉเงญ), เฆเฆฎเฆฟเฆจเงเฆฒ เฆเฆธเฆฒเฆพเฆฎ เฆธเงเฆฎเฆจ (เงฉเงญ) เฆ เฆฎเง. เฆธเงเฆนเงเฆฒ (เงฉเงจ)เฅค เฆเฆพเฆจเฆพ เฆเงเฆเง, เฆเฆ เงฉ เฆเฆจเฆเง เฆเฆเฆ เฆเฆฐเง เฆขเฆพเฆเฆพ เฆเฆฒเงเฆเงเฆฐ เฆญเงเฆคเฆฐเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆเฆฃเฆงเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ เฆฆเงเฆเงเฆพ เฆนเงเฅค เฆ เฆธเฆเฆฌเฆพเฆฆ เฆชเง
เฆเฆจเงเฆฆเงเฆฒเฆจเง เฆเฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆเฆชเฆฐ เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆจเง เฆคเฆฟเฆจ เฆนเงเฆฒเฆฎเงเฆเฆงเฆพเฆฐเง เฆเฆเฆ
เฆเฆซเฆ เฆ เฆจเฆฒเฆพเฆเฆจ เฆกเงเฆธเงเฆ
Published :
Aug 22, 2024 22:10
Updated :
Aug 22, 2024 22:10
เฆเงเฆเฆพ เฆธเฆเฆธเงเฆเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆจเงเฆฆเงเฆฒเฆจเง เฆเฆค เงงเงซ เฆเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ เฆเฆพเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆเฆจเฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆชเฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฌเฆฟเฆเฆพเฆฐเง เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆจเง เงฉ เฆเฆจเฆเง เฆจเฆฟเฆ เฆฎเฆพเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆ เฆเฆฒเฆพเฆเฆพ เฆฅเงเฆเง เฆเฆเฆ เฆเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆจ เฆฌเงเฆทเฆฎเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆงเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฐเฆพเฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฒเงเฆจ เฆเฆธเฆฟเฆเงเฆฒ เฆเฆธเฆฒเฆพเฆฎ (เงฉเงญ), เฆเฆฎเฆฟเฆจเงเฆฒ เฆเฆธเฆฒเฆพเฆฎ เฆธเงเฆฎเฆจ (เงฉเงญ) เฆ เฆฎเง. เฆธเงเฆนเงเฆฒ (เงฉเงจ)เฅค
เฆเฆพเฆจเฆพ เฆเงเฆเง, เฆเฆ เงฉ เฆเฆจเฆเง เฆเฆเฆ เฆเฆฐเง เฆขเฆพเฆเฆพ เฆเฆฒเงเฆเงเฆฐ เฆญเงเฆคเฆฐเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆเฆฃเฆงเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ เฆฆเงเฆเงเฆพ เฆนเงเฅค
เฆ เฆธเฆเฆฌเฆพเฆฆ เฆชเงเงเง เฆจเฆฟเฆเฆฎเฆพเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆ เฆฅเฆพเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆธเงเฆจเฆพเฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเงเฆฐ เฆธเฆนเฆฏเงเฆเฆฟเฆคเฆพเง เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆเฆฆเงเฆงเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆฐเง เฆเฆฟเฆเฆฟเงเฆธเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆจเงเฆฏ เฆขเฆพเฆเฆพ เฆฎเงเฆกเฆฟเฆเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฒ เฆเฆฒเงเฆ (เฆขเฆพเฆฎเงเฆ) เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆชเฆพเฆคเฆพเฆฒเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆเฆธเงเฅค เฆเฆเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆคเงเฆฏเฆคเฆพ เฆจเฆฟเฆถเงเฆเฆฟเฆค เฆเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆเฆฎเฆพเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆ เฆฅเฆพเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆธเฆเฆ เฆฎเง. เฆเฆพเฆฎเฆพเฆฒ เฆเฆฆเงเฆฆเฆฟเฆจเฅค
เฆเฆฆเฆฟเฆเง เฆเฆนเฆคเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆพเฆฅเฆฎเฆฟเฆ เฆเฆฟเฆเฆฟเงเฆธเฆพ เฆฆเฆฟเงเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆฏเฆพเฆเงเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆฎเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฐเฆพ เฆฌเงเฆถเฆเฆฟเฆเง เฆธเฆฎเง เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆเฆพเงเฆฟ เฆเฆเฆเง เฆฌเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเงเฆญ เฆเฆฐเงเฆจเฅค เฆชเฆฐเง เฆเฆ เฆชเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเงเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆฌเงเฆเฆฟเงเง เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐเฆเง เฆฅเฆพเฆจเฆพเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆฏเฆพเฆเงเฆพ เฆนเงเฅค
เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฐเฆพ เฆเฆพเฆจเฆพเฆจ, เฆเฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฒเงเฆ-เฆฏเงเฆฌเฆฒเงเฆ เฆ เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆ เฆเงเฆ เฆธเฆเฆเฆ เฆจเงเฆฐ เฆนเงเฆฒเฆฎเงเฆ เฆชเฆฐเฆพ เฆชเฆฟเฆธเงเฆคเฆฒ เฆนเฆพเฆคเง เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง เฆฌเงเฆทเฆฎเงเฆฏ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆงเง เฆเฆจเงเฆฆเงเฆฒเฆจเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆฐเง เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพ เฆเฆฐเงเฆเงเฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆชเฆฟเฆธเงเฆคเฆฒ เฆนเฆพเฆคเง เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆฐเฆพเฆฐ เฆซเงเฆเงเฆ เฆ เฆเฆฌเฆฟ เฆเฆฎเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆฎเงเฆฌเฆพเฆเฆฒเง เฆเฆเงเฅค
เฆเฆซเฆ เฆ เฆจเฆฒเฆพเฆเฆจ เฆกเงเฆธเงเฆ
Published :
Aug 22, 2024 22:10
Updated :
Aug 22, 2024 22:10
เฆเงเฆเฆพ เฆธเฆเฆธเงเฆเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆจเงเฆฆเงเฆฒเฆจเง เฆเฆค เงงเงซ เฆเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ เฆเฆพเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆเฆจเฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆชเฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฌเฆฟเฆเฆพเฆฐเง เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆจเง เงฉ เฆเฆจเฆเง เฆจเฆฟเฆ เฆฎเฆพเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆ เฆเฆฒเฆพเฆเฆพ เฆฅเงเฆเง เฆเฆเฆ เฆเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆจ เฆฌเงเฆทเฆฎเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆงเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฐเฆพเฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฒเงเฆจ เฆเฆธเฆฟเฆเงเฆฒ เฆเฆธเฆฒเฆพเฆฎ (เงฉเงญ), เฆเฆฎเฆฟเฆจเงเฆฒ เฆเฆธเฆฒเฆพเฆฎ เฆธเงเฆฎเฆจ (เงฉเงญ) เฆ เฆฎเง. เฆธเงเฆนเงเฆฒ (เงฉเงจ)เฅค
เฆเฆพเฆจเฆพ เฆเงเฆเง, เฆเฆ เงฉ เฆเฆจเฆเง เฆเฆเฆ เฆเฆฐเง เฆขเฆพเฆเฆพ เฆเฆฒเงเฆเงเฆฐ เฆญเงเฆคเฆฐเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆเฆฃเฆงเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ เฆฆเงเฆเงเฆพ เฆนเงเฅค
เฆ เฆธเฆเฆฌเฆพเฆฆ เฆชเงเงเง เฆจเฆฟเฆเฆฎเฆพเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆ เฆฅเฆพเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆธเงเฆจเฆพเฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเงเฆฐ เฆธเฆนเฆฏเงเฆเฆฟเฆคเฆพเง เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆเฆฆเงเฆงเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆฐเง เฆเฆฟเฆเฆฟเงเฆธเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆจเงเฆฏ เฆขเฆพเฆเฆพ เฆฎเงเฆกเฆฟเฆเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฒ เฆเฆฒเงเฆ (เฆขเฆพเฆฎเงเฆ) เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆชเฆพเฆคเฆพเฆฒเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆเฆธเงเฅค เฆเฆเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆคเงเฆฏเฆคเฆพ เฆจเฆฟเฆถเงเฆเฆฟเฆค เฆเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆเฆฎเฆพเฆฐเงเฆเงเฆ เฆฅเฆพเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆธเฆเฆ เฆฎเง. เฆเฆพเฆฎเฆพเฆฒ เฆเฆฆเงเฆฆเฆฟเฆจเฅค
เฆเฆฆเฆฟเฆเง เฆเฆนเฆคเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆพเฆฅเฆฎเฆฟเฆ เฆเฆฟเฆเฆฟเงเฆธเฆพ เฆฆเฆฟเงเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆฏเฆพเฆเงเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆฎเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฐเฆพ เฆฌเงเฆถเฆเฆฟเฆเง เฆธเฆฎเง เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆเฆพเงเฆฟ เฆเฆเฆเง เฆฌเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเงเฆญ เฆเฆฐเงเฆจเฅค เฆชเฆฐเง เฆเฆ เฆชเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเงเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆฌเงเฆเฆฟเงเง เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐเฆเง เฆฅเฆพเฆจเฆพเง เฆจเฆฟเงเง เฆฏเฆพเฆเงเฆพ เฆนเงเฅค
เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฐเฆพ เฆเฆพเฆจเฆพเฆจ, เฆเฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฒเงเฆ-เฆฏเงเฆฌเฆฒเงเฆ เฆ เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆ เฆเงเฆ เฆธเฆเฆเฆ เฆจเงเฆฐ เฆนเงเฆฒเฆฎเงเฆ เฆชเฆฐเฆพ เฆชเฆฟเฆธเงเฆคเฆฒ เฆนเฆพเฆคเง เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง เฆฌเงเฆทเฆฎเงเฆฏ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆงเง เฆเฆจเงเฆฆเงเฆฒเฆจเง เฆถเฆฟเฆเงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเงเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆฐเง เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพ เฆเฆฐเงเฆเงเฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆชเฆฟเฆธเงเฆคเฆฒ เฆนเฆพเฆคเง เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง เฆเงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆเฆฐเฆพเฆฐ เฆซเงเฆเงเฆ เฆ เฆเฆฌเฆฟ เฆเฆฎเฆพเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆฎเงเฆฌเฆพเฆเฆฒเง เฆเฆเงเฅค
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August 5 in retrospect: A narrow escape from total surrender to autocracy
I HAVE lived outside Bangladesh for roughly two decades. Over the years, I have met people from many parts of the world with different backgrounds. For more than a decade I have been teaching at International Islamic University Malaysia that has academics and students from about one hundred...
www.newagebd.net
August 5 in retrospect: A narrow escape from total surrender to autocracy
Md Mahmudul Hasan 27 August, 2024, 00:00
Jubilant crowd in the streets of Dhaka after the fall of Sheikh Hasina on August 5. | New Age/Md Saurav
I HAVE lived outside Bangladesh for roughly two decades. Over the years, I have met people from many parts of the world with different backgrounds. For more than a decade I have been teaching at International Islamic University Malaysia that has academics and students from about one hundred countries. When meeting people from countries under autocratic rule, I have seen terrified and trembling faces and heard stories of deceit, cruelty, violence and bondage.
One day, one of my international students came to my office for consultation. After giving them advice on matters relating to their education, I asked them about human rights situations in their country. I anticipated hearing a verbal reply, but I was struck by their silence. Although the student didnโt utter a single word, I got my answer. Holding back their tears, they then managed to explain in brief how life was in their country.
The student told me that their fathers, brothers and other male relatives had been drifting in and out of prison for no crime. The stressful existence of those men outside jail is no less horrifying than their life behind bars. Often, they have to remain in hiding โ away from home โ for days, weeks and months, leaving vulnerable women and children alone. They are not perceived as supporters of the autocratic government of their country, and that was enough for the police or ruling party thugs to hound them.
On another occasion, I was talking with another international student from a different country which is also under tyrannical rule. They had graduated from International Islamic University Malaysia a long time ago and came back to Malaysia for further education. Their decision to return to Malaysia seemed to be for both education and security reasons. They found life back home intolerable.
I had some idea about their country, as it was often in the news. But I wanted to hear from the horseโs mouth. So, in my characteristic style, I asked them how life was in their country. A deep sigh of anguish and sadness followed. A great burden of anxiety and disappointment rippled through their expression, as they tried hard to remain composed. They stared straight, as their eyes were filled with gloom. After collecting themselves, they said that peace remained elusive in their country, as persecution was rampant.
โWhy,โ I asked.
There must have been a long list of reasons why they experienced economic and political difficulties back home, but they chose to share an innocuous one.
They replied, โLiving costs have gone through the roof and competition in the job market has been increasingly fierce.โ The conversation became delicate and difficult to navigate. It had an abrupt end.
Their country is resourceful and hence there was no reason for prices of basic commodities to shoot up. Citizens knew well how their country was being robbed by inept and corrupt rulers but were unable to raise their voices in protest. Public protests were banned in their country, and even a hint of dissent was met with imprisonment or execution.
What I learnt from my exchanges with people from various countries is that citizens under repressive regimes live in slavery-like conditions.
In the past when I heard stories of sufferings under autocratic rule, I had a sense of complacency as I thought that I understood them. But I was wrong.
The myriad dimensions of victimhood under totalitarianism became clearer to me when electoral democracy in Bangladesh was sent into exile and Hasinaโs autocracy finally held absolute sway over its 170 million people.
We came to understand the full extent of the wretchedness that citizens endure under a despotic system. We saw how people belonging to opposition parties were tortured and killed by security forces or by rampaging thugs of Hasinaโs ruling party.
But how about the rest of us who are not involved in party politics? Were we spared the wrath of Hasinaโs totalitarianism? Werenโt we shocked by the agony of seeing our country drifting into a horror-filled land? Werenโt we gripped by fear and uncertainty and unable to break free from the juggernaut of a narcissistic regime? Werenโt many Bangladeshis forced to pretend to love the ruling party even though they were full of resentment and bitterness against the regime?
Is it all over? Arenโt we still affected by the economic misfortune caused by massive corruption and capital flight on Hasinaโs watch?
In short, we were on the verge of despair when Hasinaโs 15-year rule bore all the hallmarks of totalitarianism. Except for a privileged few belonging to the ruling party and the government, most Bangladeshis โ including ordinary Awami League affiliates โ were forced to surrender to Hasinaโs autocracy.
We had no clue how to achieve liberation from the morass of fear until our young people rallied around the anti-discrimination student movement. They took to the streets en masse in countrywide protests. Initially, we in Bangladesh and in its diasporas made different predictions about the outcome of the student movement. Given Hasinaโs mounting record of repression against dissent voices, we were very worried about the safety of our young people.
With the connivance of security forces, Hasina had managed to squash the first wave of student-led protests. What we now know is that from 16 July until she resigned and left our country on August 5, 2024, her security forces and party men killed about one thousand young people through shootings in broad daylight. At one point, she emerged as victorious and was under the illusion that everything was under control.
In an apparent move to embolden her, foreign envoys were lining up to meet her. On July 31, 2024 one envoy of a South Asian country and on August 1, 2024 another of a European nation called on Hasina at Gono Bhaban. Both praised her for restoring normalcy and stability in the country.
I donโt think those diplomats were unaware that, translated in real terms, normalcy meant mass slaughter of our young people and the maiming of thousands of them. We saw in utter helplessness teenage students handcuffed and humiliated and girls hounded and crammed into police vans. Students were arrested from campuses, streets and their houses.
Then came the second wave of the revolution on August 5, 2024. The police used force again on that morning, but our brave and valiant youths conquered the fear of death. They refused to surrender to Hasinaโs autocracy. She fell and fled early in the afternoon.
Had things turned out differently on that day and Hasina managed to cling to power by spilling more blood on the streets, our fate would have been sealed for a very long time. More foreign envoys would have gone to Gono Bhaban to congratulate her and to take advantage of our country in all possible ways. She would have removed all guardrails, and we would have forgotten our dreams of freedom for a foreseeable future. Hasinaโs autocracy would have gained normalcy, and a section of our intellectual elites would have continued to give her epistemic cover-ups.
Freedom is not free. We should never forget that our students and young people have paid for it with pools of blood. Our country occupies a small area in the world map, but has a large population. It was a price worth paying for the freedom of all Bangladeshis.
Md Mahmudul Hasan 27 August, 2024, 00:00
Jubilant crowd in the streets of Dhaka after the fall of Sheikh Hasina on August 5. | New Age/Md Saurav
I HAVE lived outside Bangladesh for roughly two decades. Over the years, I have met people from many parts of the world with different backgrounds. For more than a decade I have been teaching at International Islamic University Malaysia that has academics and students from about one hundred countries. When meeting people from countries under autocratic rule, I have seen terrified and trembling faces and heard stories of deceit, cruelty, violence and bondage.
One day, one of my international students came to my office for consultation. After giving them advice on matters relating to their education, I asked them about human rights situations in their country. I anticipated hearing a verbal reply, but I was struck by their silence. Although the student didnโt utter a single word, I got my answer. Holding back their tears, they then managed to explain in brief how life was in their country.
The student told me that their fathers, brothers and other male relatives had been drifting in and out of prison for no crime. The stressful existence of those men outside jail is no less horrifying than their life behind bars. Often, they have to remain in hiding โ away from home โ for days, weeks and months, leaving vulnerable women and children alone. They are not perceived as supporters of the autocratic government of their country, and that was enough for the police or ruling party thugs to hound them.
On another occasion, I was talking with another international student from a different country which is also under tyrannical rule. They had graduated from International Islamic University Malaysia a long time ago and came back to Malaysia for further education. Their decision to return to Malaysia seemed to be for both education and security reasons. They found life back home intolerable.
I had some idea about their country, as it was often in the news. But I wanted to hear from the horseโs mouth. So, in my characteristic style, I asked them how life was in their country. A deep sigh of anguish and sadness followed. A great burden of anxiety and disappointment rippled through their expression, as they tried hard to remain composed. They stared straight, as their eyes were filled with gloom. After collecting themselves, they said that peace remained elusive in their country, as persecution was rampant.
โWhy,โ I asked.
There must have been a long list of reasons why they experienced economic and political difficulties back home, but they chose to share an innocuous one.
They replied, โLiving costs have gone through the roof and competition in the job market has been increasingly fierce.โ The conversation became delicate and difficult to navigate. It had an abrupt end.
Their country is resourceful and hence there was no reason for prices of basic commodities to shoot up. Citizens knew well how their country was being robbed by inept and corrupt rulers but were unable to raise their voices in protest. Public protests were banned in their country, and even a hint of dissent was met with imprisonment or execution.
What I learnt from my exchanges with people from various countries is that citizens under repressive regimes live in slavery-like conditions.
In the past when I heard stories of sufferings under autocratic rule, I had a sense of complacency as I thought that I understood them. But I was wrong.
The myriad dimensions of victimhood under totalitarianism became clearer to me when electoral democracy in Bangladesh was sent into exile and Hasinaโs autocracy finally held absolute sway over its 170 million people.
We came to understand the full extent of the wretchedness that citizens endure under a despotic system. We saw how people belonging to opposition parties were tortured and killed by security forces or by rampaging thugs of Hasinaโs ruling party.
But how about the rest of us who are not involved in party politics? Were we spared the wrath of Hasinaโs totalitarianism? Werenโt we shocked by the agony of seeing our country drifting into a horror-filled land? Werenโt we gripped by fear and uncertainty and unable to break free from the juggernaut of a narcissistic regime? Werenโt many Bangladeshis forced to pretend to love the ruling party even though they were full of resentment and bitterness against the regime?
Is it all over? Arenโt we still affected by the economic misfortune caused by massive corruption and capital flight on Hasinaโs watch?
In short, we were on the verge of despair when Hasinaโs 15-year rule bore all the hallmarks of totalitarianism. Except for a privileged few belonging to the ruling party and the government, most Bangladeshis โ including ordinary Awami League affiliates โ were forced to surrender to Hasinaโs autocracy.
We had no clue how to achieve liberation from the morass of fear until our young people rallied around the anti-discrimination student movement. They took to the streets en masse in countrywide protests. Initially, we in Bangladesh and in its diasporas made different predictions about the outcome of the student movement. Given Hasinaโs mounting record of repression against dissent voices, we were very worried about the safety of our young people.
With the connivance of security forces, Hasina had managed to squash the first wave of student-led protests. What we now know is that from 16 July until she resigned and left our country on August 5, 2024, her security forces and party men killed about one thousand young people through shootings in broad daylight. At one point, she emerged as victorious and was under the illusion that everything was under control.
In an apparent move to embolden her, foreign envoys were lining up to meet her. On July 31, 2024 one envoy of a South Asian country and on August 1, 2024 another of a European nation called on Hasina at Gono Bhaban. Both praised her for restoring normalcy and stability in the country.
I donโt think those diplomats were unaware that, translated in real terms, normalcy meant mass slaughter of our young people and the maiming of thousands of them. We saw in utter helplessness teenage students handcuffed and humiliated and girls hounded and crammed into police vans. Students were arrested from campuses, streets and their houses.
Then came the second wave of the revolution on August 5, 2024. The police used force again on that morning, but our brave and valiant youths conquered the fear of death. They refused to surrender to Hasinaโs autocracy. She fell and fled early in the afternoon.
Had things turned out differently on that day and Hasina managed to cling to power by spilling more blood on the streets, our fate would have been sealed for a very long time. More foreign envoys would have gone to Gono Bhaban to congratulate her and to take advantage of our country in all possible ways. She would have removed all guardrails, and we would have forgotten our dreams of freedom for a foreseeable future. Hasinaโs autocracy would have gained normalcy, and a section of our intellectual elites would have continued to give her epistemic cover-ups.
Freedom is not free. We should never forget that our students and young people have paid for it with pools of blood. Our country occupies a small area in the world map, but has a large population. It was a price worth paying for the freedom of all Bangladeshis.
Saif
Senior Member
- Joined
- Jan 24, 2024
- Messages
- 15,417
- Nation
- Axis Group
Hasina falls, lands in India & leaves behind a sputtering economy
I acknowledge that I have borrowed the first half of the title of this article from the Daily Telegraph (online) of India. It is not surprising that that Sheikh Hasina landed in India. During her 15-year rule, India has enjoyed very close ties with her authoritarian regime. In fact, she was greatl
Hasina falls, lands in India & leaves behind a sputtering economy
Muhammad Mahmood
Published :
Aug 26, 2024 22:25
Updated :
Aug 26, 2024 22:25
I acknowledge that I have borrowed the first half of the title of this article from the Daily Telegraph (online) of India.
It is not surprising that that Sheikh Hasina landed in India. During her 15-year rule, India has enjoyed very close ties with her authoritarian regime. In fact, she was greatly emboldened by India to consolidate her repressive regime to achieve its objectives in Bangladesh.
Former Indian Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor told the Indian TV channel, NDTV, โHasina ji has had (good) relationships with all Indian leaders. She is a friend of India, and India is a friend of hersโ. It now appears that Hasina has no other taker around the world other that the โbiggest democracy of the worldโ because of her repressive authoritarian political past. In fact, it is the peopleโs uncertain economic future that primarily drove them to push back against state violence unleashed by Hasina.
In fact, Indiaโs unqualified support for Hasina clearly demonstrates complicity. According to the Washington Post, India even pressed the US to go easy on Sheikh Hasina before her ouster. After Indian lobbying, Washington toned down its criticism of Hasina. Yet, with all the Indian machinations to keep her in power, she fled the country much in the same style of other deposed dictators before her.
Bangladesh is entering a period of political uncertainty, with a high risk of both violence and economic instability. Hasina has left behind a terrible economic mess for the interim government to deal with.
Bangladesh has achieved an annual average growth rate of about 6 per cent over last two decades or so. The quality of statistical information provided by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has always been of questionable quality, especially relating to GDP and human development indices. But the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have given their seal of approval to the growth figures.
According to a World Bank (WB) report (October 4, 2023) โBangladesh has an inspiring story of growth and development, aspiring to be an upper -middle income country by 2031.โ No wonder Hasina even drummed up her aspiration of Bangladesh to become a developed, prosperous and higher-income country by 2041. The IMF assured its continuing support to achieve this aspiration of Hasina.
The positive nod from the two multilateral organisations also largely reflects that the Hasina regime was supposedly adhering to the path outlined in the โWahington consensusโ in pursuing the โtrickle downโ approach to economic growth. However, such an approach along with mega corruptions (mostly through graft, overblown project costs and other corrupt means) only succeeded in shifting income upward creating a new social class of billionaires where Hasina and her immediate and extended family members also belong. In fact, Hasinaโs regime was a pure kleptocracy under the veneer of a neo-liberal economic system.
This relatively high growth was largely achieved through mostly infrastructure investments comprising a very selected set of mega projects. While such investments helped propel economic growth, these mega projects also opened opportunities for mega corruptions benefitting her cronies and family members.
Rising income inequality coupled with stagnant- to- declining household income along with high levels of youth and graduate unemployment and very widespread underemployment clearly point out that economic growth achieved under the Hasina regime cannot be considered as inclusive growth.
During Hasinaโs 15 years of repressive and corrupt rule, she over-exercised her power and patronage and saw the flourishing of high levels of white-collar crimes including an unprecedented scale of financial corruption. These financial corruptions resulted in an annual illicit outflow to the tune of US$6 billion, notwithstanding massive siphoning off billions of dollars annually through trade mis-invoicing. Her rule also saw an endemic corruption at all levels of government, particularly in law enforcement agencies.
Hasinaโs own immediate family has also been alleged to be deeply involved in financial corruptions, not to mention the extended family. It has been alleged that her niece (a Labour member of the British Parliament) and her sister (a British citizen) were involved in various financial corruptions involving real estates, graft, and influence peddling. Similar allegations have also been levelled against her son in the US.
More recently it has been alleged that Hasina received US$6 billion from the Russian company involved in building the Rooppur nuclear power plant in Bangladesh as a kickback arranged by her same niece who is a junior minister in the current UK government. Hasinaโs niece and her mother (Hasinaโs sister) received 30 per cent of this Russian bribe money and Hasina pocketed the remaining 70 per cent.
According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), about 67 per cent of Bangladeshโs 170 million people are aged between 15 and 64 and more than a quarter are aged 15-29. The Bangladesh Labour Force (BLF) Survey 2022 finds that close to 60 million people, accounting for 84.9 per cent of the total working population in Bangladesh are employed in the informal sector. It is also noteworthy that the report also points out that out of the total employed women in Bangladesh, 96.6 per cent are in informal employment. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) 18.7 per cent of the population lived below the national poverty line in 2022.
Informal sectors in all countries are typically characterised by a high incidence of poverty and severe decent work deficits. It thrives mostly in a context of high unemployment, underemployment, poverty, gender inequality and precarious work. Informal employment arrangements are in practice or by law not subject to national labour legislation or entitlement to social protection or other employment guarantees. Therefore, the informal sector is marked by very lowly paid and precarious jobs.
Not surprisingly during Hasinaโs rule poverty and unemployment were rapidly rising. Now 18 million young people, including university graduates, are currently without work. According to the BBS, approximately 40 per cent of youths in Bangladesh do not have jobs and are not receiving education or job training. An estimated 400,000 university graduates are competing for the 3000 civil service jobs that become available each year.
The economy is facing challenges at multiple fronts such as rising inflation, balance of payment deficit along with a budget deficit, declining foreign exchange reserves, contraction in remittances, a depreciating currency, rising income inequality and the demand-supply imbalance in the energy sector.
With inflation hovering around 10 per cent with food price inflation at around 10.5 per cent annually, Bangladesh is now in the grip of a cost-of-living crisis. Official inflation figures published by the BBS show that Bangladeshโs inflation rate was to 11.66 per cent in July compared to 9.72 per cent in June with food price inflation at 14.10 in July.
Now added to these challenges is the banking sector crippled by loan defaults i.e., non-performing loans (NPL). The NPL ratio in Bangladesh was recorded at 8.8 per cent in March 2023, amounting to BDT 14,963.46 billion (USD 136.92 billion), exhibiting an upward trend from the previous quarterโs ratio of 8.2 per cent. In December 2022, the total amount of NPLs stood at around Tk 1.21 trillion, which means total NPLs jumped by 20.7 per cent year-on-year. The accumulation of NPL is heightening the threat to the stability of the financial system
Over the last three years both exports and imports decelerated. Bangladeshโs external debt reached US$ 99.3 billion in March 2024 accounting for 23.6 per cent of the countryโs GDP in December 2023. While Bangladeshโs external debt level remains within the IMFโs debt sustainability limit, the burden of debt servicing is on the rise thus creating a financial stress which is further compounded by the countryโs low foreign exchange reserves and the continuing negative balance in the financial account in the balance of payments..
A countryโs long-term credit rating as assigned by major credit rating agencies offers a comparative insight into the countryโs credit worthiness and financial stability over an extended period. Now with the rising interest payment liability, external debt burden is also rising coupled with an inadequate policy response to stem falling exchange reserves resulting in all the three major rating agencies downgrading Bangladeshโs credit rating. This will create further stress on external debt servicing.
The corrupt and crony capitalist system that flourished under the Hasina regime has caused significant structural damage to the economy creating a formidable challenge for the interim government. As the country celebrates the departure of Hasina, the immediate need is to stabilise the political situation in the country as the precondition for stabilising the economy and to contain inflation which is the single most formidable challenge now facing the interim government.
Further ahead, to address the economic mess left behind by the Hasina regime, the interim government will need to concentrate on how to build enhanced state capacity and reorient its economic policy approach by focusing on building a competitive Bangladesh not only based on price competitiveness but also through innovation by harnessing the new technological frontiers using skilled labour with an emphasis on fairer distribution of income. Such a reorientation of economic policy will enable the country to achieve sustainable economic growth and development in the long run.
Muhammad Mahmood
Published :
Aug 26, 2024 22:25
Updated :
Aug 26, 2024 22:25
I acknowledge that I have borrowed the first half of the title of this article from the Daily Telegraph (online) of India.
It is not surprising that that Sheikh Hasina landed in India. During her 15-year rule, India has enjoyed very close ties with her authoritarian regime. In fact, she was greatly emboldened by India to consolidate her repressive regime to achieve its objectives in Bangladesh.
Former Indian Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor told the Indian TV channel, NDTV, โHasina ji has had (good) relationships with all Indian leaders. She is a friend of India, and India is a friend of hersโ. It now appears that Hasina has no other taker around the world other that the โbiggest democracy of the worldโ because of her repressive authoritarian political past. In fact, it is the peopleโs uncertain economic future that primarily drove them to push back against state violence unleashed by Hasina.
In fact, Indiaโs unqualified support for Hasina clearly demonstrates complicity. According to the Washington Post, India even pressed the US to go easy on Sheikh Hasina before her ouster. After Indian lobbying, Washington toned down its criticism of Hasina. Yet, with all the Indian machinations to keep her in power, she fled the country much in the same style of other deposed dictators before her.
Bangladesh is entering a period of political uncertainty, with a high risk of both violence and economic instability. Hasina has left behind a terrible economic mess for the interim government to deal with.
Bangladesh has achieved an annual average growth rate of about 6 per cent over last two decades or so. The quality of statistical information provided by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has always been of questionable quality, especially relating to GDP and human development indices. But the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have given their seal of approval to the growth figures.
According to a World Bank (WB) report (October 4, 2023) โBangladesh has an inspiring story of growth and development, aspiring to be an upper -middle income country by 2031.โ No wonder Hasina even drummed up her aspiration of Bangladesh to become a developed, prosperous and higher-income country by 2041. The IMF assured its continuing support to achieve this aspiration of Hasina.
The positive nod from the two multilateral organisations also largely reflects that the Hasina regime was supposedly adhering to the path outlined in the โWahington consensusโ in pursuing the โtrickle downโ approach to economic growth. However, such an approach along with mega corruptions (mostly through graft, overblown project costs and other corrupt means) only succeeded in shifting income upward creating a new social class of billionaires where Hasina and her immediate and extended family members also belong. In fact, Hasinaโs regime was a pure kleptocracy under the veneer of a neo-liberal economic system.
This relatively high growth was largely achieved through mostly infrastructure investments comprising a very selected set of mega projects. While such investments helped propel economic growth, these mega projects also opened opportunities for mega corruptions benefitting her cronies and family members.
Rising income inequality coupled with stagnant- to- declining household income along with high levels of youth and graduate unemployment and very widespread underemployment clearly point out that economic growth achieved under the Hasina regime cannot be considered as inclusive growth.
During Hasinaโs 15 years of repressive and corrupt rule, she over-exercised her power and patronage and saw the flourishing of high levels of white-collar crimes including an unprecedented scale of financial corruption. These financial corruptions resulted in an annual illicit outflow to the tune of US$6 billion, notwithstanding massive siphoning off billions of dollars annually through trade mis-invoicing. Her rule also saw an endemic corruption at all levels of government, particularly in law enforcement agencies.
Hasinaโs own immediate family has also been alleged to be deeply involved in financial corruptions, not to mention the extended family. It has been alleged that her niece (a Labour member of the British Parliament) and her sister (a British citizen) were involved in various financial corruptions involving real estates, graft, and influence peddling. Similar allegations have also been levelled against her son in the US.
More recently it has been alleged that Hasina received US$6 billion from the Russian company involved in building the Rooppur nuclear power plant in Bangladesh as a kickback arranged by her same niece who is a junior minister in the current UK government. Hasinaโs niece and her mother (Hasinaโs sister) received 30 per cent of this Russian bribe money and Hasina pocketed the remaining 70 per cent.
According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), about 67 per cent of Bangladeshโs 170 million people are aged between 15 and 64 and more than a quarter are aged 15-29. The Bangladesh Labour Force (BLF) Survey 2022 finds that close to 60 million people, accounting for 84.9 per cent of the total working population in Bangladesh are employed in the informal sector. It is also noteworthy that the report also points out that out of the total employed women in Bangladesh, 96.6 per cent are in informal employment. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) 18.7 per cent of the population lived below the national poverty line in 2022.
Informal sectors in all countries are typically characterised by a high incidence of poverty and severe decent work deficits. It thrives mostly in a context of high unemployment, underemployment, poverty, gender inequality and precarious work. Informal employment arrangements are in practice or by law not subject to national labour legislation or entitlement to social protection or other employment guarantees. Therefore, the informal sector is marked by very lowly paid and precarious jobs.
Not surprisingly during Hasinaโs rule poverty and unemployment were rapidly rising. Now 18 million young people, including university graduates, are currently without work. According to the BBS, approximately 40 per cent of youths in Bangladesh do not have jobs and are not receiving education or job training. An estimated 400,000 university graduates are competing for the 3000 civil service jobs that become available each year.
The economy is facing challenges at multiple fronts such as rising inflation, balance of payment deficit along with a budget deficit, declining foreign exchange reserves, contraction in remittances, a depreciating currency, rising income inequality and the demand-supply imbalance in the energy sector.
With inflation hovering around 10 per cent with food price inflation at around 10.5 per cent annually, Bangladesh is now in the grip of a cost-of-living crisis. Official inflation figures published by the BBS show that Bangladeshโs inflation rate was to 11.66 per cent in July compared to 9.72 per cent in June with food price inflation at 14.10 in July.
Now added to these challenges is the banking sector crippled by loan defaults i.e., non-performing loans (NPL). The NPL ratio in Bangladesh was recorded at 8.8 per cent in March 2023, amounting to BDT 14,963.46 billion (USD 136.92 billion), exhibiting an upward trend from the previous quarterโs ratio of 8.2 per cent. In December 2022, the total amount of NPLs stood at around Tk 1.21 trillion, which means total NPLs jumped by 20.7 per cent year-on-year. The accumulation of NPL is heightening the threat to the stability of the financial system
Over the last three years both exports and imports decelerated. Bangladeshโs external debt reached US$ 99.3 billion in March 2024 accounting for 23.6 per cent of the countryโs GDP in December 2023. While Bangladeshโs external debt level remains within the IMFโs debt sustainability limit, the burden of debt servicing is on the rise thus creating a financial stress which is further compounded by the countryโs low foreign exchange reserves and the continuing negative balance in the financial account in the balance of payments..
A countryโs long-term credit rating as assigned by major credit rating agencies offers a comparative insight into the countryโs credit worthiness and financial stability over an extended period. Now with the rising interest payment liability, external debt burden is also rising coupled with an inadequate policy response to stem falling exchange reserves resulting in all the three major rating agencies downgrading Bangladeshโs credit rating. This will create further stress on external debt servicing.
The corrupt and crony capitalist system that flourished under the Hasina regime has caused significant structural damage to the economy creating a formidable challenge for the interim government. As the country celebrates the departure of Hasina, the immediate need is to stabilise the political situation in the country as the precondition for stabilising the economy and to contain inflation which is the single most formidable challenge now facing the interim government.
Further ahead, to address the economic mess left behind by the Hasina regime, the interim government will need to concentrate on how to build enhanced state capacity and reorient its economic policy approach by focusing on building a competitive Bangladesh not only based on price competitiveness but also through innovation by harnessing the new technological frontiers using skilled labour with an emphasis on fairer distribution of income. Such a reorientation of economic policy will enable the country to achieve sustainable economic growth and development in the long run.
Saif
Senior Member
- Joined
- Jan 24, 2024
- Messages
- 15,417
- Nation
- Axis Group
July 2024 uprising: The lions need their own historians
It is inspiring to see Gen Z carving out its own pathway by taking concrete actions rather than resorting to empty rhetoric
July 2024 uprising: The lions need their own historians
.
As if in a โtryst with destinyโ, they responded to their calling by taking to the public streets en masse. PHOTO: NAIMUR RAHMAN"Until the lions have their own historians, the history of the hunt will always glorify the hunter." โ Chinua Achebe
July 2024 will go down in the history of Bangladesh as the beginning of the end of the most ruthless regime ever, marking the "cruellest month(s)" in a political "Wasteland," the country had already morphed into. While the body politic was far from moribund, it was finally "mixing" the people's short- and long-term "memory" of woefully bad governance gone awryโno longer able or willing to choose its enemies wisely (the name of the game in politicking, or the art of priming the politics of crime)โwith a resurgence of a collective "desire" to break free from a Gargantuan impasse thrust upon them.
To university and college students across the country, who had been relentlessly sidelined, silenced, and subalternised year after year, "something [was always already] rotten" "in the state of" Dhaka (to alliterate with "Denmark"). Consequently, there was a tipping point, where "To be, or not to be, that was [no longer] the question." In their perception and interpretation, "'twas [no more] nobler in the mind to suffer/the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune" than "to take arms against a sea of troubles/And by opposing end them," without worrying about "for whom the bell tolls" next. As if in a "tryst with destiny" (Nehru), they responded to their calling by taking to the public streets en masse.
Unlike Tiananmen Square in China or Tahrir Square in Egypt, this newfound popular uprising in Bangladesh, led by a student collective unaffiliated with corrupt and/or corruptible partisan, vicious, or vindictive politics, turned public streets into battlegrounds, tentacling across urban, peri-urban, and suburban areas nationwide. This was notably achieved by suburbanising the metropolis and metropolitanising the suburbanโmarginalising the centre and centring the marginโan epiphany held in abeyance for too long.
The student collective radically reimagined how inclusive and participatory governance and leadership could be orchestrated on the march, inspiring a "rhizomatic"โdecentralised, dynamic, fluid, interconnected, multiplicitous, and open-endedโcognitive schema, rather than an "arborescent" or hierarchical, rigid, and linear one, to borrow from Deleuze and Guattari. They deserve kudos for reclaiming the historic role of student movements in pre- and post-liberation Bangladesh from the stranglehold of successive military and political governments, which imposed old, weary policies impervious to change. As Tagore's poem "Ore shabuj ore amar kancha, adhmorader gha mere tui bancha" exhorts, they resuscitated and rejuvenated the half-dead by jolting them out of their doldrums.
The disenfranchised people melted into one unstoppable force of fortitude and steadfastness. PHOTO: AMRAN HOSSAIN
Succinctly put, the students not only thought outside the box but also took a quantum leap of imagination. Benedetto Croce's deceptively anti-historical dictum that "all history is contemporary history" played out in the open. The disenfranchised people, driven by the power of resilience and righteousness of cause, and galvanised by the discourse of equity and inclusivity, orchestrated by Gen Z (with even Gen Alpha joining forces), melted into one unstoppable force of fortitude and steadfastness. They took live bullets and endured merciless beatings from law enforcement carrying out orders from a rogue chain of commandโnot with disdain, but in stride. When the military eventually backed out of the regime's coercive span of control, it turned into a perfect storm, tipping the balance in favour of the people.
The tinderbox had been building up for at least a decade. The state apparatus was defined by "necropolitics" (Achille Mbembe), where draconian power was deployed to violate civic space and human rights, beefing up surveillance and exclusionary practices, underpinned by "biopolitics" (Foucault) to suppress opposition and decide who deserved to live and who needed to die. Violations by the repressive regime included a crackdown on freedom of the press and expression (Digital Security Act, 2018 and Cyber Security Act, 2023), regulatory overreach on the right to hold public meetings by opposition parties, rampant election rigging, extrajudicial killings by crossfire, and enforced disappearances. The regime secretly bought the Pegasus spyware and the SpearHead surveillance system from Israel in 2018, using a Bangkok-based middleman, while Bangladeshi intelligence officers were trained in Hungary by Israeli experts to eavesdrop on ordinary citizens, opposition officials, and protesters. Its preferred exclusionary practice of "biopolitics" was instantiated by the infamous torture chamber Aynaghar (House of Mirrors), which mirrored its song/lyric namesake by the Swedish death metal band Arch Enemyโa haunting labyrinthine house with endless corridors and deceptive mirrors. The notorious Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib prison paled in comparison. The country became a massive "Panopticon," where all dissenting Homo sapiens were reduced to Homo sacer (Giorgio Agamben), or accursed men reduced to bare life, who could be killed with impunity without the right to embrace martyrdom.
The repressive government, led by arguably the country's most primed prime minister, was blinded by delusions of grandeur to be trigger-happy. Systematically dismantling all democratic institutions by pivoting on crony capitalism, demonocracy, disinformation, and kleptocracy, the regime mindlessly masked mounting misappropriations, embezzlements, capital flights, and depleted national exchequer bringing the country to the brink of bankruptcy with the belaboured narratives of mega-development. It widened the gap between the super-rich, who colluded with the corrupt government to accumulate enormous wealth at the expense of the dispossessed majority, with total impunity. The regime's intent to hold on to power indefinitely ignored or underestimated that it was always already embattled, if not beleaguered and besieged beyond belief and presupposition. As Foucault astutely observed, "Where there is power, there is resistance."
As competing narratives vied for control in the run-up to July 2024, the huntersโrepresenting the regimeโkept winning the controlling narrative to write the history of the hunt for decades until they could not. The tipping point came out of nowhere, like an iceberg in the ocean before the Titanic, reducing the regime to Neurath's boat, adrift and irrecoverable at sea. In other words, the experience of successfully hunting down all forms of opposition by crafting, manipulating, and weaponising a dualistic Manichean narrative of good (us) versus evil (them) to glorify its history was upended when it picked the wrong enemy: Gen Z, the new breed of lions in the body politicโable, agile, foresightful, and unencumbered, ready to take control of their destiny and history by speaking truth to power (revealing that the empress had no clothes). They learned fast from this Goliath in the road safety movement of 2018. As the deposed ex-prime minister, presided over hundreds of deaths of her own people with appalling abandon, she ran out of strategy unawares. Her abrupt and unforeseen loss of power and consequent exile came as a stark reminder of our inescapable brush with mortality when we least expect it, as captured by Emily Dickinson, "Because I could not stop for death/He kindly stopped for me."
Now that people's power has tipped the balance against the reign of terror, the journey to earn the much-coveted "holy grail" of democracy has transformed into a threshold marking the end of a new beginning. This "window of opportunity" rarely available to most nations must not be tinkered with or squandered. The roads taken by the unbroken stream of people on the long march from every nook and cranny of the periphery to the centre are now going to get longer and more arduous to return from. The watchword for this historic moment may be extracted from Chinua Achebe, "Until the lions have their own historians, the history of the hunt will always glorify the hunter." The hunting ground remains open and largely unguarded even as the new interim government takes over to embark on the daunting task ahead. The guarded optimism at this transition is that we are off to a good start, and, hopefully again, it is far from an open season for the hunters. However, this well-earned window of opportunity, calling for bold, new, and paradigmatic changes and initiatives, may be ephemeral.
Students took on the roles of traffic wardens and street-cleaning crews. PHOTO: RASHED SUMON
What still haunts us most includes the arson of public and private properties, vandalism, revenge killings, and attempts to destabilise community harmony (the term "minority" needs to be retired as the nation regroups under the rubric of equity and equality). The absence of law enforcement, vilified by the past regime, exemplifies how institution after institution has been systematically rendered extractive and dysfunctional to serve the regime's vested interests, blurring the boundaries between the state and the ruling political party. It is heartening that students nationwide continue to lead by example, pioneering in volunteerism and vanguardism, with full community support, illustrating how to rebuild the dilapidated institutions by the bootstraps. This includes keeping tabs on marketplaces to lower the prices of goods and services, protecting the houses and places of worship of minority communities, preventing break-ins, plundering, pillaging, and vandalism with success (even with the use of drones), and taking on the roles of traffic wardens and street-cleaning crews. These activities are poised to bring the fragmented and fractured community back together.
History is aptly compared to a palimpsest, where layers of the past are rewritten, often at the expense of erasing what came before. This practice, particularly when driven by self-serving motives, can carry a heavy price. The downfall of Sheikh Hasina's repressive regime, culminating in her ignoble ouster from the country, is a stark testament to this disingenuous approach. By attempting to glorify her father through the manipulation of national history and the monopolisation of its nuanced narratives, Hasina overplayed her hand. Surrounded by sycophants who created an echo chamber, she became blind to her moral decline, a descent that ultimately led to her downfallโone she can no longer disown. August 15, the day when Bangladesh's founding father was tragically gunned down along with almost all members of his family, now stands in ironic contrast to the narrative of his once-illustrious daughter. Her transformation into a nemesis of her father's legacy, through crimes against humanity, will be indelibly inscribed in the history of Bangladesh.
Benedetto Croce's remarkable parable, where history is likened to "a silkworm that continues to spin its cocoon patiently by itself," even "when people stop wearing silk," illustrates how history assiduously connects our future with our past, even as we remain fixated on the present. The treacherous roads ahead will require more than mere maintenance, as we must remain committed to the promises we've made, understanding that there are still "miles to go before we sleep." The new lions in the body politic have taken the first steps, but the road to democracy remains long and treacherous, fraught with dangers and snares, requiring the hard work of our united will. The heavy lifting has just begun.
Currently, in the face of a colossal climatic nightmare caused by an unforeseen cloudburst resulting in torrential rainfall, millions of mostly marginalised people in eastern Bangladesh find themselves stranded, marooned, and caught between life and death, submerged under water. In response, the nation has once again united, finding a silver lining in the worst imaginable adversity. With one voice, the rallying cry resounds, "Help is on the way." In this dire situation, it is inspiring to see Gen Z carving out its own pathway by taking concrete actions rather than resorting to empty rhetoricโa habit typical of the previous government's functionaries. Kudos to the members of the armed forces who are leading by example. Even as the beginning of the end and the end of the beginning come to fruition, the beginning never ends, as it remains an endless journey toward new beginnings. The sunrise will keep the lions going, sundown after sundown.
Dr Faridul Alam teaches at the City University of New York.
Saif
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Star Interview: โPeopleโs pent-up anger fuelled the movementโ
Itโs been a month since the Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League government was overthrown by a student-people uprising. Noted economist Anu Muhammad discusses the movement, the regimeโs fall, and the interim governmentโs tenure, tasks and challenges in an interview with The Daily Starโs Sharif M...
Star Interview: โPeopleโs pent-up anger fuelled the movementโ
It's been a month since the Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League government was overthrown by a student-people uprising. Noted economist Anu Muhammad discusses the movement, the regime's fall, and the interim government's tenure, tasks and challenges in an interview with The Daily Star's Sharif M Shafique and Sadi Muhammad Alok.
DS: Why is the student-citizen movement that toppled the previous government important in history?
Anu Muhammad: The movement is significant because of its success in toppling the party that has done everything to perpetuate its power for 15 years. The failure of other political parties created helplessness among the people.
Corruption led to price rises while people's real income along with employment opportunities fell. Crores of dollars have been laundered. All these together created a suffocating situation and rage against the previous government. The movement reflected the accumulated anger of the people.
The key point is โ unlike 1969 and 1990, this movement had no political or specific leadership. Above all, Hasina's actions to suppress the movement led to the government's fall.
DS: You demanded the AL government's resignation on August 2 from the "Droho Jatra" march. Then came students' "one-point movement". How did the aspirations come together?
Anu Muhammad: There is no justification for the way Abu Sayed (slain Rangpur student leader) was shot. At one stage, when public university students could not tackle the situation, their private university peers joined in. Students from colleges and even schools joined the movement.
Around 200 people lost their lives at one point. In response, the general public joined the movement. Hasina called for talks all the while trying to suppress the movement by arresting its coordinators. That's why we organised the march. People were united in the collective demand for the government's resignation.
The Anti-Discrimination Student Movement on August 3 announced the single-point demand for the government's resignation in a massive rally.
DS: How is the interim government functioning? What should be their main job?
Anu Muhammad: The government has several important jobs: firstly, publish the full list of those killed and injured; secondly, take full responsibility for the treatment of the injured and send them abroad if necessary; thirdly, take responsibility for the families of the deceased and critically injured who have lost the capability to earn.
Besides, incidents like the torture of teachers or the suffering of minorities must stop. Attacks on sculptures, statues, and memorials of liberation are not acceptable in any way. The government must clear its position on these matters. Holding free and fair polls will also be an important task of the government.
Its main challenge will be to tackle quarters with self-interests, international lobbies, and civil and military bureaucracies โ the three groups who want their interests protected. But the utmost strength of the government is the people. If transparency and accountability can be created, people will support this government wholeheartedly.
DS: What should be the new political settlement?
Anu Muhammad: We're talking about a discrimination-free Bangladesh which won't return to the previous system again. For this, political parties need major reforms. They should ensure democracy within themselves. Their activities should align with the people's interests. Without these, I have doubts if the parties will bring something new.
DS: There's a talk on amending or rewriting the constitution to prevent fascism. What can the government do about it?
Anu Muhammad: The 1972 constitution had several contradictions and it needs some major changes. This government can't do it alone. It can set up a "constitution commission" with competent people and let the commission form public opinion with their recommendations. Later, it can be decided whether these changes should be made through the constituent assembly, constitutional amendments, or a referendum.
DS: The law and order situation is not stable and it is the same old picture with arrests and abrupt cases. Why are these things repeating?
Anu Muhammad: This is because of the law enforcement agencies' pattern of work. The government should deal with it first. These cases won't last. For example, Shakib Al Hasan was sued for a murder that occurred when he was playing abroad, which is not credible. If these old habits don't change, the result will be the same.
So, the government must find a solution. It's right that a month is much less time, but not less to give instructions or directions.
DS: There is this idea of banning student politics in educational institutions. What's your take on it?
Anu Muhammad: Political party-led student organisations, especially those affiliated with the government, create problems in student politics. I don't see anything wrong with student politics. This time the student protesters claimed they were not associated with politics, but still they changed the regime. What can be healthier than such a form of student politics?
DS: There's a growing anti-India sentiment among the people. What should be the government's foreign policy?
Anu Muhammad: India had more influence on Bangladesh because of the AL and Hasina. The US, China and Japan also have influence here. It cannot be said that India will not dominate again because the BNP and the Jamaat have said they want to have good relations with India. Besides, no decision has been reached so far on cancelling the agreements with India, including transit and other controversial deals. The government should disclose the agreements with all the countries, including India.
DS: How long should this government stay?
Anu Muhammad: It depends on the speed of this government's work. A lot can be done with the concurrent energy of the revolution. It is possible to establish within six months a basis for some of the urgent tasks.
It's been a month since the Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League government was overthrown by a student-people uprising. Noted economist Anu Muhammad discusses the movement, the regime's fall, and the interim government's tenure, tasks and challenges in an interview with The Daily Star's Sharif M Shafique and Sadi Muhammad Alok.
DS: Why is the student-citizen movement that toppled the previous government important in history?
Anu Muhammad: The movement is significant because of its success in toppling the party that has done everything to perpetuate its power for 15 years. The failure of other political parties created helplessness among the people.
Corruption led to price rises while people's real income along with employment opportunities fell. Crores of dollars have been laundered. All these together created a suffocating situation and rage against the previous government. The movement reflected the accumulated anger of the people.
The key point is โ unlike 1969 and 1990, this movement had no political or specific leadership. Above all, Hasina's actions to suppress the movement led to the government's fall.
DS: You demanded the AL government's resignation on August 2 from the "Droho Jatra" march. Then came students' "one-point movement". How did the aspirations come together?
Anu Muhammad: There is no justification for the way Abu Sayed (slain Rangpur student leader) was shot. At one stage, when public university students could not tackle the situation, their private university peers joined in. Students from colleges and even schools joined the movement.
Around 200 people lost their lives at one point. In response, the general public joined the movement. Hasina called for talks all the while trying to suppress the movement by arresting its coordinators. That's why we organised the march. People were united in the collective demand for the government's resignation.
The Anti-Discrimination Student Movement on August 3 announced the single-point demand for the government's resignation in a massive rally.
DS: How is the interim government functioning? What should be their main job?
Anu Muhammad: The government has several important jobs: firstly, publish the full list of those killed and injured; secondly, take full responsibility for the treatment of the injured and send them abroad if necessary; thirdly, take responsibility for the families of the deceased and critically injured who have lost the capability to earn.
Besides, incidents like the torture of teachers or the suffering of minorities must stop. Attacks on sculptures, statues, and memorials of liberation are not acceptable in any way. The government must clear its position on these matters. Holding free and fair polls will also be an important task of the government.
Its main challenge will be to tackle quarters with self-interests, international lobbies, and civil and military bureaucracies โ the three groups who want their interests protected. But the utmost strength of the government is the people. If transparency and accountability can be created, people will support this government wholeheartedly.
DS: What should be the new political settlement?
Anu Muhammad: We're talking about a discrimination-free Bangladesh which won't return to the previous system again. For this, political parties need major reforms. They should ensure democracy within themselves. Their activities should align with the people's interests. Without these, I have doubts if the parties will bring something new.
DS: There's a talk on amending or rewriting the constitution to prevent fascism. What can the government do about it?
Anu Muhammad: The 1972 constitution had several contradictions and it needs some major changes. This government can't do it alone. It can set up a "constitution commission" with competent people and let the commission form public opinion with their recommendations. Later, it can be decided whether these changes should be made through the constituent assembly, constitutional amendments, or a referendum.
DS: The law and order situation is not stable and it is the same old picture with arrests and abrupt cases. Why are these things repeating?
Anu Muhammad: This is because of the law enforcement agencies' pattern of work. The government should deal with it first. These cases won't last. For example, Shakib Al Hasan was sued for a murder that occurred when he was playing abroad, which is not credible. If these old habits don't change, the result will be the same.
So, the government must find a solution. It's right that a month is much less time, but not less to give instructions or directions.
DS: There is this idea of banning student politics in educational institutions. What's your take on it?
Anu Muhammad: Political party-led student organisations, especially those affiliated with the government, create problems in student politics. I don't see anything wrong with student politics. This time the student protesters claimed they were not associated with politics, but still they changed the regime. What can be healthier than such a form of student politics?
DS: There's a growing anti-India sentiment among the people. What should be the government's foreign policy?
Anu Muhammad: India had more influence on Bangladesh because of the AL and Hasina. The US, China and Japan also have influence here. It cannot be said that India will not dominate again because the BNP and the Jamaat have said they want to have good relations with India. Besides, no decision has been reached so far on cancelling the agreements with India, including transit and other controversial deals. The government should disclose the agreements with all the countries, including India.
DS: How long should this government stay?
Anu Muhammad: It depends on the speed of this government's work. A lot can be done with the concurrent energy of the revolution. It is possible to establish within six months a basis for some of the urgent tasks.
Saif
Senior Member
- Joined
- Jan 24, 2024
- Messages
- 15,417
- Nation
- Axis Group
How Hasinaโs playbook was undone
In her final days, Sheikh Hasina desperately clung to power as if she had full legitimacy, unmindful of a big crack in her armour. Her edifice crumbled a month ago on August 5.
How Hasinaโs playbook was undone
The ex-PMโs edifice fell apart a month ago today amid a student-led mass uprising
In her final days, Sheikh Hasina desperately clung to power as if she had full legitimacy, unmindful of a big crack in her armour. Her edifice crumbled a month ago on August 5. She fled Bangladesh, ending her iron-fisted rule of 15 years and leaving behind a legacy that established brutal authority over almost everything. A generation, to say the least, will remember her as a byname for intolerance to dissent, destruction of democratic institutions, rigged elections and utmost savagery in some cases. Sadly, her role in Bangladesh's economic prosperity for which she was feted globally will be a faded memory.
The month leading to Hasina's dramatic downfall was littered with death and destruction. Trigger-happy security forces, who were blamed for hundreds of deaths as the protests turned violent in mid-July, were out with full force. Videos of police shooting point-blank at nonviolent protesters emerged almost every day. Her brutal tactics led to an unprecedented bloodbath in any mass uprising in the region in memory.
Dystopian scenes vividly captured in photographs and videos by this newspaper as well as other media outlets will remain etched in our memory. Bangladesh became a symbol of nervous trauma. It was as if things were disintegrating from the centre. It also showed how peaceful protests lumbered into mindless mayhem. At one point, Hasina's government ordered a complete shutdown of the internet, the modern-day lifeline, knocking daily life out of balance, and taking Bangladesh back to the forgotten analogue age. That didn't quell the protests, started by university students but by now joined by people of every class and age groups, including women and children.
The government deployed platoons of paramilitary troops alongside the police to stem the ferocity of demonstrations with teargas shells, rubber bullets and gunfire. But the day wasn't saved as one act of vengeance spawned another round of violence. Hasina's party unleashed its youth wing on the streets to reclaim their turf. Bloodbath continued unchecked. The death toll climbed.
Hasina's government admitted, for the first time, that they were pushed to the wall, a comment that came with horrific finality. It was a precursor to something more ominous -- curfew. The deployment of the army on July 19, while it was undeniably necessary, tore the veil of stability that gave a fillip to the economy for more than a decade. The story of stability, sellable to foreign investors, lost much of its credibility. It also showed the government's struggle in its new term to hold things together as Bangladesh hurtled into an uncertain future.
DAYS OF UNYIELDING ANGER
Protests, anger and vengeance inhabited the period from July 16 to August 6. With the passing of each day, protests turned more violent and the mob burgeoned. In speed and scope, the violence went far beyond anything Hasina believed possible. Government establishments and vehicles were set on fire and two metro stations were vandalised in Mirpur. For their part, law enforcement agencies unleashed aerial fury by raining down rubber bullets and teargas shells on protesters from the sky, a newfound tactic. Street vendors and pedestrians were unwitting victims of the government's vengeance.
Ambulances, their sirens on, ferried the injured to hospitals, stretching health services in Dhaka and beyond. According to an initial count by the United Nations, 650 people were killed in Bangladesh with nearly 400 deaths reported from July 16 to August 4, and a further 250 in the new wave of violence between August 5-6. The health adviser in the interim government later said the death toll could be as high as 1,000. The Daily Star has so far been able to confirm more than 550 deaths.
The weight of the dead was too heavy. Shortly before midday, on August 5, Hasina was seen hurrying into a waiting helicopter in a disgraceful exit from Bangladesh. Her departure, which came after she lost the army's support, sparked jubilation across the country. Millions of people descended on the streets to celebrate the fall of her government, a significant turning point in the nation's history, amid dramatic and sometimes chaotic events.
As the news of her exit spread, the day became more volatile. The entire nation was in flux. Thousands of people stormed Gono Bhaban, the prime minister's official residence, looting souvenirs, frolicking on the premises and grinning for selfies as they posed with the loot. People toppled a statue of independence leader and Hasina's father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Arsonists set fire to the Bangabandhu Museum in Dhanmondi, in what the Crisis Group said was "an act of grotesque retribution". Reprisal attacks on Awami League leaders, sympathisers and religious minorities continued for the next few days.
It was almost unthinkable in January that Hasina's government would fall apart, just seven months into her fourth consecutive term, however deeply flawed the election may be. But support for the government was clearly waning. The largest opposition force, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, had boycotted the vote and turnout was conspicuously low. Global leaders were hesitant to congratulate Hasina on the win.
Hasina returned to power after winning the 2008 election in a landslide, but she seemed to have lost confidence along the way and rigged the subsequent three elections to hold on to power. And the regime became increasingly unaccountable for its wrongdoing. Internally, her overbearing presence hollowed out the party and other members lost their voices and roles. It morphed into a one-person party, and as such, a one-person government.
Hasina concentrated so much power in her hands and antagonised many who came into her orbit. The Awami League, which celebrated its 75th anniversary in June, and a party that has been a part of democratic movements from even before Bangladesh's independence, the leading party in Bangladesh's liberation war, seemed to have lost touch with the people.
Over time, Hasina who fits the playbook of a dictator became emotionally detached, unable to empathise with the suffering of people. This detachment manifested itself in increasingly brutal responses to anti-government protests. To maintain control, Hasina, like an isolated authoritarian ruler, often resorted to widespread surveillance and violent crackdowns on dissent. These factors created a feedback loop where her isolation exacerbated paranoia and repressive tendencies, ultimately leading to a more oppressive regime.
BEGINNING OF AN END
Protests erupted in Bangladesh in early July, when students began agitating against the reintroduction of controversial quotas for government jobs. The movement emerged amid widespread discontent with Hasina's government, which had grown increasingly authoritarian and had badly mismanaged the economy.
"It was Hasina's reaction to the protests that was her downfall. She sealed her fate when she decided to crack down rather than pursue dialogue with protest leaders," the Crisis Group said in a report.
As demonstrations swelled across the country in mid-July, law enforcement agencies tried but failed to suppress the student-led uprising with the majority of them being young protesters. Police and paramilitary units used "unnecessary and disproportionate" force and resorted to extrajudicial killings, a level of political violence rarely seen in Bangladesh since its independence in 1971. Even after the Supreme Court drastically reduced the job quotas on July 21, protests continued to gather steam, advancing new demands, including accountability for the killings and the government's resignation. That showed signs of Hasina's troubles ahead.
On August 4, a final, terrible round of bloodshed before the collapse of the government left close to 100 people dead, most of them protesters shot by police and ruling-party members acting as vigilantes. The next day, hundreds of thousands heeded student leaders' calls to march on Dhaka and poured into Shahbagh, defying another curfew. Just six kilometres away, Hasina packed up and fled Gono Bhaban. She found refuge in India, the next-door neighbour.
The ex-PMโs edifice fell apart a month ago today amid a student-led mass uprising
In her final days, Sheikh Hasina desperately clung to power as if she had full legitimacy, unmindful of a big crack in her armour. Her edifice crumbled a month ago on August 5. She fled Bangladesh, ending her iron-fisted rule of 15 years and leaving behind a legacy that established brutal authority over almost everything. A generation, to say the least, will remember her as a byname for intolerance to dissent, destruction of democratic institutions, rigged elections and utmost savagery in some cases. Sadly, her role in Bangladesh's economic prosperity for which she was feted globally will be a faded memory.
The month leading to Hasina's dramatic downfall was littered with death and destruction. Trigger-happy security forces, who were blamed for hundreds of deaths as the protests turned violent in mid-July, were out with full force. Videos of police shooting point-blank at nonviolent protesters emerged almost every day. Her brutal tactics led to an unprecedented bloodbath in any mass uprising in the region in memory.
Dystopian scenes vividly captured in photographs and videos by this newspaper as well as other media outlets will remain etched in our memory. Bangladesh became a symbol of nervous trauma. It was as if things were disintegrating from the centre. It also showed how peaceful protests lumbered into mindless mayhem. At one point, Hasina's government ordered a complete shutdown of the internet, the modern-day lifeline, knocking daily life out of balance, and taking Bangladesh back to the forgotten analogue age. That didn't quell the protests, started by university students but by now joined by people of every class and age groups, including women and children.
The government deployed platoons of paramilitary troops alongside the police to stem the ferocity of demonstrations with teargas shells, rubber bullets and gunfire. But the day wasn't saved as one act of vengeance spawned another round of violence. Hasina's party unleashed its youth wing on the streets to reclaim their turf. Bloodbath continued unchecked. The death toll climbed.
Hasina's government admitted, for the first time, that they were pushed to the wall, a comment that came with horrific finality. It was a precursor to something more ominous -- curfew. The deployment of the army on July 19, while it was undeniably necessary, tore the veil of stability that gave a fillip to the economy for more than a decade. The story of stability, sellable to foreign investors, lost much of its credibility. It also showed the government's struggle in its new term to hold things together as Bangladesh hurtled into an uncertain future.
DAYS OF UNYIELDING ANGER
Protests, anger and vengeance inhabited the period from July 16 to August 6. With the passing of each day, protests turned more violent and the mob burgeoned. In speed and scope, the violence went far beyond anything Hasina believed possible. Government establishments and vehicles were set on fire and two metro stations were vandalised in Mirpur. For their part, law enforcement agencies unleashed aerial fury by raining down rubber bullets and teargas shells on protesters from the sky, a newfound tactic. Street vendors and pedestrians were unwitting victims of the government's vengeance.
Ambulances, their sirens on, ferried the injured to hospitals, stretching health services in Dhaka and beyond. According to an initial count by the United Nations, 650 people were killed in Bangladesh with nearly 400 deaths reported from July 16 to August 4, and a further 250 in the new wave of violence between August 5-6. The health adviser in the interim government later said the death toll could be as high as 1,000. The Daily Star has so far been able to confirm more than 550 deaths.
The weight of the dead was too heavy. Shortly before midday, on August 5, Hasina was seen hurrying into a waiting helicopter in a disgraceful exit from Bangladesh. Her departure, which came after she lost the army's support, sparked jubilation across the country. Millions of people descended on the streets to celebrate the fall of her government, a significant turning point in the nation's history, amid dramatic and sometimes chaotic events.
As the news of her exit spread, the day became more volatile. The entire nation was in flux. Thousands of people stormed Gono Bhaban, the prime minister's official residence, looting souvenirs, frolicking on the premises and grinning for selfies as they posed with the loot. People toppled a statue of independence leader and Hasina's father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Arsonists set fire to the Bangabandhu Museum in Dhanmondi, in what the Crisis Group said was "an act of grotesque retribution". Reprisal attacks on Awami League leaders, sympathisers and religious minorities continued for the next few days.
It was almost unthinkable in January that Hasina's government would fall apart, just seven months into her fourth consecutive term, however deeply flawed the election may be. But support for the government was clearly waning. The largest opposition force, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, had boycotted the vote and turnout was conspicuously low. Global leaders were hesitant to congratulate Hasina on the win.
Hasina returned to power after winning the 2008 election in a landslide, but she seemed to have lost confidence along the way and rigged the subsequent three elections to hold on to power. And the regime became increasingly unaccountable for its wrongdoing. Internally, her overbearing presence hollowed out the party and other members lost their voices and roles. It morphed into a one-person party, and as such, a one-person government.
Hasina concentrated so much power in her hands and antagonised many who came into her orbit. The Awami League, which celebrated its 75th anniversary in June, and a party that has been a part of democratic movements from even before Bangladesh's independence, the leading party in Bangladesh's liberation war, seemed to have lost touch with the people.
Over time, Hasina who fits the playbook of a dictator became emotionally detached, unable to empathise with the suffering of people. This detachment manifested itself in increasingly brutal responses to anti-government protests. To maintain control, Hasina, like an isolated authoritarian ruler, often resorted to widespread surveillance and violent crackdowns on dissent. These factors created a feedback loop where her isolation exacerbated paranoia and repressive tendencies, ultimately leading to a more oppressive regime.
BEGINNING OF AN END
Protests erupted in Bangladesh in early July, when students began agitating against the reintroduction of controversial quotas for government jobs. The movement emerged amid widespread discontent with Hasina's government, which had grown increasingly authoritarian and had badly mismanaged the economy.
"It was Hasina's reaction to the protests that was her downfall. She sealed her fate when she decided to crack down rather than pursue dialogue with protest leaders," the Crisis Group said in a report.
As demonstrations swelled across the country in mid-July, law enforcement agencies tried but failed to suppress the student-led uprising with the majority of them being young protesters. Police and paramilitary units used "unnecessary and disproportionate" force and resorted to extrajudicial killings, a level of political violence rarely seen in Bangladesh since its independence in 1971. Even after the Supreme Court drastically reduced the job quotas on July 21, protests continued to gather steam, advancing new demands, including accountability for the killings and the government's resignation. That showed signs of Hasina's troubles ahead.
On August 4, a final, terrible round of bloodshed before the collapse of the government left close to 100 people dead, most of them protesters shot by police and ruling-party members acting as vigilantes. The next day, hundreds of thousands heeded student leaders' calls to march on Dhaka and poured into Shahbagh, defying another curfew. Just six kilometres away, Hasina packed up and fled Gono Bhaban. She found refuge in India, the next-door neighbour.
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