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Wars 2026 02/27 Recent War Between Pakistan & Afghanistan

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Wars 2026 02/27 Recent War Between Pakistan & Afghanistan
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Afghan Taliban open to talks after Pakistan bombs Kabul, Kandahar

REUTERS
Published :
Feb 27, 2026 21:56
Updated :
Feb 27, 2026 21:56

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Afghanistan's Taliban rulers said on Friday they were willing to negotiate after Pakistan bombed its forces in major cities and dozens of troops were killed in the most serious clashes between the allies-turned-foes.

The strikes by Pakistan were the first time it had directly targeted its former allies over allegations they are harbouring militants; it described the situation as "open war".

Targets in the capital Kabul and the city of Kandahar, where Taliban leaders are based, were hit, signalling a stark rupture in ties between the Islamic neighbours.

Thick plumes of black smoke rose from two sites in Kabul and a huge blaze was also visible in video verified by Reuters.

"The plane came and dropped two bombs, then flew away again. After that, we heard explosions," said Kabul taxi driver Tamim, who was asleep when the strikes hit. "Everyone, in panic, ran down from the second floor of the house. The ammunition inside the depot kept exploding on its own."

Security sources in Pakistan said the strikes involved air-to-ground missile attacks on Taliban military offices and posts in response to Afghan attacks on Thursday.

The Taliban said Afghan forces had used drones to hit Pakistani military targets. Pakistan said all the drones had been brought down and there was no damage.

QATAR SEEKS TO RESOLVE CRISIS

Multiple ground clashes were reported along the border. Pakistan said it killed 274 Taliban officials and militants while Afghanistan said it killed 55 Pakistani soldiers - figures which Reuters was unable to verify.

Pakistan confirmed that 12 of its own soldiers were killed and Afghanistan said it had lost 13 Taliban fighters.

The Taliban, which denies sponsoring militant attacks on Pakistan and makes similar accusations against its neighbour, said it had launched what it described as retaliatory attacks on Pakistani military installations on Thursday but was ready to negotiate.

"Afghanistan has never been a supporter of violence and has always preferred to resolve issues based on mutual understanding and respect," the Afghan foreign ministry quoted Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi as telling Qatar's junior Foreign Minister Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Al-Khalifi by telephone.

"However, this approach will be effective only if the other party demonstrates a practical and sincere willingness to find solutions."

Qatar, which helped stop the fighting between the two countries last year, is working with other countries to help resolve the latest crisis, the statement added.

The strikes threaten to unleash a protracted conflict along the 2,600-km (1,615-mile) frontier.

"Our cup of patience has overflowed. Now it is open war between us and you (Afghanistan)," Pakistani Defence Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif said on Friday.

Pakistan's foreign ministry warned that any new provocations by the Taliban, or attempts by any "terrorist group" to target Pakistanis, will be met with a "measured, decisive and befitting response".

Pakistan is nuclear-armed and its military capabilities are vastly superior to Afghanistan. However, the Taliban are adept at guerrilla warfare, hardened by decades of fighting with US-led forces, before returning to power in 2021.

PANIC IN KABUL

Reuters witnesses in Kabul said many ambulance sirens could be heard following loud blasts and the sound of jets.

Taliban spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid said that Pakistani forces carried out air strikes on parts of Kabul, Kandahar and Paktia on Thursday night, and on Paktia, Paktika, Khost, and Laghman on Friday.

While there were no casualties in the night strikes, there were civilian casualties in Friday's strikes, he told reporters without sharing numbers.

"The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has always tried to resolve issues through dialogue, and now also we want to resolve this matter through dialogue," Mujahid said.

HIGH SECURITY

Clashes between Pakistan and Afghanistan in October killed dozens of soldiers until negotiations facilitated by Turkey, Qatar and Saudi Arabia brought an end to the hostilities.

Pakistan has been on high security alert since it launched air strikes earlier this week that Islamabad said targeted camps of Pakistani Taliban and Islamic State militants in eastern Afghanistan.

Kabul and the United Nations said the strikes killed 13 civilians and the Taliban warned there would be a strong response.

The government of Pakistan's Punjab province said it was on high alert for militant attacks on Friday and had conducted a series of security operations, taking 90 Afghan nationals to holding centres for deportation.​
 
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Pakistan says its air strikes hit 22 Afghan military targets, killing 274

REUTERS
Published :
Feb 27, 2026 20:03
Updated :
Feb 27, 2026 20:03

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Pakistani air strikes hit 22 Afghan military targets, Pakistan's military spokesperson said on Friday, after heavy fighting between the South Asian neighbours that began overnight.

At least 12 Pakistani soldiers were killed and 274 Taliban officials and militants were killed since Thursday night, military spokesperson Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry told reporters.​
 
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How Pakistan, Afghanistan Taliban compare in military power

Reuters
Published: 27 Feb 2026, 15: 20

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A Pakistani army tank stands at the Pakistan-Afghanistan border in Chaman on February 27, 2026, following overnight cross-border fighting between the two countries. AFP

Cross-border fighting between Pakistan and Afghanistan intensified overnight, with both sides claiming heavy losses and the Pakistani defence minister saying his country was in an "open war" with its neighbour.

As tensions persist, here is a look at how Pakistan dwarfs Afghanistan's military forces and arsenals, according to data from the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Overview

Pakistan's armed forces benefit from good recruitment and retention, bolstered by equipment from its main defence partner China. Islamabad continues to invest in its military nuclear programmes and is also modernising its navy and air force.

The capability of the Afghan Taliban's armed forces, meanwhile, is declining, with a fall in their ability to use foreign equipment that the Islamist group seized when it returned to power in the landlocked country in 2021.

A lack of international recognition for the Taliban administration has also hurt military modernisation.

Personnel

Pakistan has 660,000 active personnel in its defence forces, of whom 560,000 are in the army, 70,000 are in the air force, and 30,000 are in the navy.

The strength of the Afghan Taliban's military is thinner, with only 172,000 active personnel. The group has, however, announced plans to expand its armed forces to 200,000 personnel.

Fighting vehicles and artillery

Pakistan has more than 6,000 armoured fighting vehicles, and over 4,600 pieces of artillery.

The Afghan forces also possess armoured fighting vehicles, including Soviet-era main battle tanks, armoured personnel carriers and autonomous underwater vehicles, but their exact number is unknown.

The precise number of artillery they possess, which is of at least three different types, is similarly not known.

Air force

Pakistan has a fleet of 465 combat aircraft and more than 260 helicopters that include multi-role, attack and transport choppers.

Afghanistan has no fighter jets and no real air force to speak of. It is known to possess at least six aircraft - some of them dating back again to the Soviet era - and 23 helicopters, although it is not possible to assess how many are in flying condition.

Nuclear arsenal

While Pakistan is a nuclear-armed country and has 170 warheads, Afghanistan does not have a nuclear arsenal.​
 
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Conflict between Pakistan, Afghanistan won’t serve anyone’s interest: Khalilur

The foreign minister returned from Saudi Arabia


Star Online Report

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Foreign Minister Dr Khalilur Rahman today said the conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan would not serve anyone's interest.


"This is regretful. We are not saying anything in public but advising our friends in our own ways that such a war is not good for anyone," he told journalists after returning from Saudi Arabia at the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport early today.

He made the comment when asked about Bangladesh's reaction to the Pakistan-Afghanistan war.

Khalilur returned from Saudi Arabia after attending a meeting of the OIC.​
 
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Why are Pakistan and Afghanistan at war now?

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What the Pakistan–Afghanistan conflict means for Bangladesh

UPDATED 12 March 2026, 10:45 AM

How the Pakistan–Afghanistan confrontation could reshape regional security and Bangladesh’s “Friend yes, Master no,” foreign policy

Md Nahiyan Shajid Khan

South Asia has entered a new phase of instability after military confrontation erupted between Pakistan and Afghanistan in February 2026. What began as cross-border strikes against militant groups quickly escalated into open hostilities, raising concerns about regional security, humanitarian crises, and the future of diplomatic cooperation in South Asia. Pakistan initiated airstrikes on February 21, 2026, targeting seven militant camps in Afghanistan's Nangarhar, Paktika, and Khost provinces. These strikes responded to terror attacks in Islamabad, Bajaur, and Bannu, which Pakistan attributed to Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Islamic State-Khorasan (ISIS-K) operating from Afghan soil. Afghanistan's Taliban condemned the action as hitting civilian sites, including a religious school, killing 18 civilians, according to their claims. Pakistan reported over 80 militants killed in "intelligence-based” and “selective” operations. Tensions built from a fragile ceasefire last — mediated by Qatar and Turkey — that unraveled amid ongoing skirmishes along the Durand Line, a border drawn by British colonial rulers in 1893, which was rejected by Kabul since its inception. By February 26, Afghanistan launched retaliatory operations, and Pakistan responded with Operation Ghazab Lil Haq, bombing Kabul, Kandahar, and Paktia. Defense Minister Khawaja Asif announced a state of "open war." Casualty figures remain disputed, with Pakistan claiming hundreds of Taliban fighters were killed while Taliban officials report significant Pakistani military losses.

Ground clashes involved artillery, drones, and captures, with Pakistan. There is no clear objective, and the end to the crisis is seen as the conflict is rooted in accusations of harbouring militants, which Kabul denies. International community calls for restraint, came from the UN, China, the EU, the US, which backed Pakistan's self-defense. India supported Afghan sovereignty, highlighting regional divides. As casualties mount, with unverified reports of hundreds of dead, the conflict has resulted in a humanitarian crisis.

Regional Security Risks

The conflict between two neighboring states has shattered fragile crisis management structures along the Pakistan–Afghanistan frontier. Border closures have disrupted trade links, especially major crossings that historically facilitated commerce and movement. Ground reality indicates significant paralysis in transit logistics, leaving freight stranded and undermining regional trade networks. Instability also heightens the prospects of refugee flows into Pakistan, Iran, and potentially a scenario with humanitarian and socio-political ramifications across the region. Historically, Afghan wars have generated waves of refugees; renewed fighting could exacerbate displacement and strain already fragile host state capacities. Across South Asia, markets and supply chains remain vulnerable due to this conflict. A broader economic slowdown — coupled with volatility in global energy markets triggered by conflicts elsewhere, such as the Middle East — could depress growth and amplify inflationary pressures. Conflict zones often become breeding grounds for non-state violent actors. The contested Afghan frontier, historically a haven for insurgent groups, risks amplifying recruitment and radicalisation across borders. Analysis suggests a resurgence of militant attacks by groups like the TTP and ISKP, with potential ideological and operational spillover into neighboring countries.

For South Asia, this raises the spectre of cross-border terrorism, networked insurgency, and transnational security threats that challenge conventional state control and regional cooperation. The conflict amplifies existing diplomatic fractures, complicates SAARC-level integration efforts, and risks furthering divergent strategic alignments. It also places smaller states in South Asia into a delicate balancing act among competing strategic narratives. Bangladesh’s internal and external security environment could be affected by this conflict. While direct conflict spillover is geographically distant, ideological contagion among militant networks poses latent risks and hampers Bangladesh’s plan to revive and functionalise SAARC for regional integration. The expansion of recruitment pipelines by transnational terrorist groups underscores the necessity for vigilance against extremist recruitment within Bangladesh.

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People search for victims after an overnight Pakistani air raid in a residential area in the Girdi Kas village of Bihsud district, Nangarhar province in Afghanistan, on February 22, 2026. PHOTO: AFP

Why the Conflict Matters for Bangladesh

Bangladesh's BNP, led by Tarique Rahman, won a landslide in the historic February 2026 elections. This ended Sheikh Hasina's pro-India era, signalling a foreign policy "reset." The BNP manifesto adopts "Shobar Ageh Bangladesh" (Bangladesh Before All) and "Friend Yes, Master No," prioritising sovereignty, economic diplomacy, and multilateralism. It eyes ASEAN membership, SAARC revival, Muslim world ties, and balanced relations with India, China, and Pakistan. Post-election, BNP pledged “forward-looking” Pakistan ties, resuming flights, easing visas, and exploring JF-17 jet sales. Honourable Prime Minister Tarique Rahman emphasised “Bangladesh First,” avoiding country-centric alignments. Foreign Minister Khalilur Rahman called the war "unfortunate," favouring “quiet diplomacy” for stability. He urged restraint without picking sides in the conflict. Bangladesh echoed SAARC principles: sovereignty and non-interference. This neutral stance aligns with BNP's pragmatism, contrasting with the previous India tilt. No direct involvement has been reported, but Dhaka monitors spillover risks like refugee flows or militancy. However, this conflict adds more obstacles for the future of regional stability and cooperation.

The war bolsters Pakistan-Bangladesh rapprochement efforts. Pre-election pacts on trade and defence signal deeper ties. Many see the “reopening” of relations through the lens of transactional diplomacy. For Bangladesh, supporting Pakistan subtly advances "Bangladesh First" by fostering a South Asian balance of power. It navigates through turbulent waters amidst India-Pakistan hostility and China-India rivalry, amid Teesta disputes and Sheikh Hasina's extradition demands. War-related instability could spike energy prices, push the Rohingya crisis out of sight, or pose rising radicalisation and terror threats to Bangladesh. The government eyes defence upgrades via Pakistan and economic gains from diversified exports. Multilateral forums like SAARC could host mediation, elevating Dhaka's role, but therein lies the true challenge for Bangladesh.

Strategic Balancing in a Changing Region

Experts predict incremental policy shifts, but not ruptures. Rohingya repatriation ties into Muslim solidarity, indirectly linking to Afghan instability, which could prove fatal for crisis management in the coming days. A long-term, prolonged war could draw Bangladesh into anti-terror cooperation with Pakistan, boosting bilateral defence. Risks include Indian backlash or US pressure on China ties, but BNP's multilateralism aims to position Bangladesh as a neutral broker and a champion of regional cooperation.

The conflict disrupts trade routes, CPEC, and Afghan reconstruction. For South Asia, it echoes past Iran-Pakistan clashes and the Indo-Pak conflict, threatening regional stability. Bangladesh gains leverage by deepening Pakistan links while urging peace. BNP's policy is now under a litmus test for its "no master" doctrine amid great-power competition. The evolving crisis may encourage Dhaka to reconsider aspects of its regional diplomacy, including relations with Pakistan, embedding it in a sovereignty-focused foreign policy that prioritises stability and pragmatism for Bangladesh's security and prosperity.

The Pakistan–Afghanistan conflict of 2026 highlights the fragile security architecture of South Asia. Beyond the battlefield, its consequences are likely to ripple through regional trade, diplomacy, and counterterrorism cooperation. For Bangladesh, the challenge will be to maintain strategic neutrality while safeguarding its economic interests and domestic security. By emphasising diplomacy, multilateral engagement, and regional dialogue, Dhaka can play a constructive role in promoting stability in an increasingly volatile neighbourhood.

Md Nahiyan Shajid Khan is a research officer at Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS).​
 
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