World Defense Forum
South Asia 5% poor in India? Union govt claim debunked, '26.4% of population below poverty line'
- By Bilal9
- South Asian Affairs
- 10 Replies
A recent paper, referring to the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2022-23 of the Government of India (GoI), has debunked the official claim that poverty has substantially declined. Titled "Poverty in India: The Rangarajan Method and the 2022–23 Household Consumption Expenditure Survey", the paper—authored by scholars CA Sethu, LT Abhinav Surya, and CA Ruthu—states that "more than a quarter of India’s population falls below the poverty line."
The paper highlights issues with the methodology adopted by the GoI, which estimates poverty at just 5% based on "positive trends such as a 2.5-fold surge in consumption in both rural and urban areas." However, relying on the methodology proposed by the Expert Group to Review the Methodology for the Measurement of Poverty, chaired by Dr. C. Rangarajan in 2014, the authors estimate that 26.4% of India's population is below the poverty line (BPL)—27.4% in rural areas and 23.7% in urban areas.
The paper points out that the 5% poverty estimate based on HCES 2022-23 data was declared by B.V.R. Subrahmanyam, CEO of the GoI think tank NITI Aayog. The method used to arrive at this low figure involved adjusting the poverty line for 2011-12 for inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and applying it to HCES 2022-23 data. Ironically, the same method was used by scholars C. Rangarajan and S. Mahendra to arrive at a tentative estimate of 10.8% BPL.
According to the paper, the 2014 Expert Group defined the poverty line based on a consumption basket that included food (ensuring adequate nourishment), essential non-food items (such as education, clothing, transport, and shelter), and other “behaviorally determined” non-food expenditures. The authors used this methodology not only with HCES 2022-23 data but also with other official GoI surveys, such as the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2022-23 (PLFS 2022-23) and nutrition intake norms prescribed by the Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute of Nutrition in 2020 (ICMR-NIN 2020).
Using the Expert Group (2014) method, they generated a new poverty line. Summarizing their approach, they state:
- Nutritional Requirements: The average calorie, protein, and fat requirements are calculated based on ICMR norms, differentiated by age, gender, and activity levels in rural and urban populations.
- Food Basket: A food basket meeting these nutritional norms is determined by analyzing the consumption patterns of specific income groups. The average monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) on food in these groups is used to define the food component of the poverty line.
- Essential Non-Food Items: The median expenditure on essential non-food items (education, clothing, shelter, and transport) is determined and added to the poverty line basket as a normative requirement.
- Other Non-Food Expenditures: Additional non-food expenses observed among groups meeting nutritional requirements are incorporated. The sum of these three components determines the new poverty line, expressed in terms of MPCE. This calculation is conducted separately for rural and urban areas. State-specific poverty lines are then derived using a relative Fisher Index.
- Rs 2,515 per capita per month for rural areas
- Rs 3,639 per capita per month for urban areas
Providing evidence against the claim that poverty has declined to 5%, senior scholar Payal Seth, interpreting the paper, states:
"The per capita energy consumption for the poorest quartile in rural India declined by 2.6% between 2011–12 and 2022–23, signaling that rising nominal incomes have not translated into better nutrition. This directly contradicts claims of substantial poverty reduction, as improving nutrition is a critical indicator of poverty alleviation."
The paper argues that adjusting a prior poverty line using CPI is flawed for two key reasons:
- Outdated Base Weights: The CPI is calculated using old base weights for items in the consumption basket. Since new expenditure data has not been incorporated for over a decade, these weights no longer reflect current consumption patterns.
- CPI is Not a Suitable Instrument to Measure Poverty: The consumption patterns and price experiences of people below the poverty line differ significantly from those above it, making CPI adjustments inadequate for poverty tracking.
Furthermore, an analysis of two wage rate datasets—the Wage Rates in Rural India and the Periodic Labour Force Survey—suggests that real wage rates stagnated between 2014-15 and 2022-23. Data from the NSSO’s Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises also indicates a struggling informal sector, with a declining number of enterprises and stagnant wages.
Additionally, the scholars note that wages at the lower end of the formal economy, such as daily earnings of factory floor workers, grew by only 0.6% per annum at constant prices between 2002-03 and 2021-22, based on various rounds of the Annual Survey of Industries.
Labels
DevelopmentEconomyInequityLivelihood
Thursday, February 06, 2025
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[🇹🇷] Western experts believe that Turkey could rejoin the F-35 program if it successfully resolves the issues related Russia S400
- By Egyptian
- Turkish Defense Forum
- 0 Replies
Western experts believe that Turkey could rejoin the F-35 program if it successfully resolves the issues related to its acquisition of the Russian S-400 missile defense system. This resolution would likely involve completely removing the S-400 from Turkish soil and demonstrating a strong commitment to align with NATO’s defense standards and policies.
Photo by Alexander Nemenov/AFP/Getty Images
Several countries might be interested in purchasing Turkey’s S-400 missile defense systems. Potential buyers could include nations like Qatar, Pakistan, and Azerbaijan, which have strong military and strategic ties with Turkey. Additionally, countries such as Belarus and Algeria, which are already keen on Russian defense technology, might also show interest. These nations could find the S-400 system appealing for its advanced capabilities and see it as a way to enhance their air defense networks, particularly in regions with complex security challenges.
However, whether Turkey shuts down or sells the S-400 no longer appears to be a point of concern. Ankara seems to be following in the footsteps of the United Arab Emirates, whose F-35 deal was swiftly blocked when Joe Biden assumed the presidency. The block was primarily due to the involvement of the Chinese company Huawei in the UAE’s 5G network deployment.
Turkey’s collaboration with China for its 5G network rollout marks a substantial advancement in its telecommunications infrastructure. This ambitious agreement entails the extensive deployment of Huawei’s 5G technologies throughout Turkey’s urban and rural landscapes.
The initiative includes the installation of 5G base stations, central networks, and essential software, which promises ultra-fast mobile internet speeds, minimal latency, and the capability to connect a vast array of devices simultaneously.
These advancements are poised to push Turkey’s goals in smart cities, the Internet of Things [IoT], and advanced manufacturing further. Huawei’s involvement highlights the technological collaboration between Turkey and China, with Turkey aiming to utilize China’s expertise to enhance its own tech capabilities.
Photo credit: Twitter
Technologically speaking, Huawei’s 5G solutions rank among the world’s most sophisticated, giving Turkey access to state-of-the-art technology. Huawei’s 5G network operates on proprietary technologies like Massive MIMO [Multiple Input Multiple Output] and beamforming, which are designed to dramatically boost network capacity and coverage.
This partnership also provides an opportunity for Turkey to gain from Huawei’s extensive experience in large-scale 5G deployments, potentially leading to a smoother and more efficient rollout process.
The concerns center on the security risks linked to Huawei, a Chinese company accused of maintaining close ties with the Chinese government. Rep. Mac Thornberry, an influential member of the House Armed Services Committee, has voiced doubts about the feasibility of any technical workarounds that could allow Huawei’s participation in vital telecommunications networks without compromising security.
He stressed that U.S. technical experts are skeptical about such solutions, viewing Huawei’s global 5G expansion as a calculated move by China to infiltrate worldwide communications networks, thereby posing a significant security threat.
Turkey’s decision to allow Chinese 5G technology to operate within its borders and its continued use of the S-400 missile system, despite calls from its allies, suggests that Ankara has no intention of rejoining the F-35 program. Contrary to international expert predictions that Turkey would eventually abandon the S-400, Ankara’s actions indicate otherwise.
In a February 2024 article titled “Turkey Signals Preference to Retain Russian S-400s in F-35 Row,” Selcan Hacaoglu discusses Turkey’s unwavering decision to keep its Russian-made S-400 missile defense system. This stance continues to heighten tensions with the United States.
Photo credit: AFP
Turkey’s commitment includes ongoing maintenance and operational readiness of the S-400s, along with recent affirmations from Turkish officials about the system’s crucial role in its national defense strategy.
Turkey’s refusal to back down on the S-400 issue suggests that they are willing to remain outside the F-35 program. Hacaoglu notes that this position challenges Turkey’s attempts to re-enter the F-35 program, as the U.S. perceives the S-400s as a major security risk that could potentially expose sensitive F-35 technology to Russia.
And last but not least, let’s talk about the Turkish fighter KAAN. Turkish officials have ramped up their efforts to position the KAAN, their homegrown fifth-generation fighter jet, as a direct replacement for the F-35, especially after Turkey was barred from acquiring it due to their purchase of the Russian S-400 missile defense system.
Temel Kotil, the General Manager of Turkish Aerospace Industries [TAI], has been particularly outspoken about the KAAN’s superiority over the F-35. According to Kotil, the KAAN can carry up to ten tons of weaponry, compared to the F-35’s six tons. Plus, with its two engines, it boasts greater operational capabilities, including extended radar range and power.
Additionally, Kotil has highlighted that by 2028, Turkey aims to start delivering 20 KAAN jets to its air force, irrespective of re-entering the F-35 program. He pointed out that even if Turkey were permitted to purchase the F-35, the delivery wouldn’t happen by 2028—a timeframe during which the KAAN will already be operational.
This push for self-reliance and technological superiority is a core component of Turkey’s broader defense strategy to reduce dependency on foreign military technology. As Kotil emphasized, the KAAN serves as a testament to Turkey’s commitment to national security through domestic expertise and innovation, positioning it as not just a replacement but an advancement over the F-35. @Jiangnan
- US offers Poland a more fuel-efficient F-15EX in cruise flight
- UK has refused to export aiming IR sensors for Israeli F-16s
- Russia is on the brink of commissioning the Skyfall nuclear missile
Several countries might be interested in purchasing Turkey’s S-400 missile defense systems. Potential buyers could include nations like Qatar, Pakistan, and Azerbaijan, which have strong military and strategic ties with Turkey. Additionally, countries such as Belarus and Algeria, which are already keen on Russian defense technology, might also show interest. These nations could find the S-400 system appealing for its advanced capabilities and see it as a way to enhance their air defense networks, particularly in regions with complex security challenges.
However, whether Turkey shuts down or sells the S-400 no longer appears to be a point of concern. Ankara seems to be following in the footsteps of the United Arab Emirates, whose F-35 deal was swiftly blocked when Joe Biden assumed the presidency. The block was primarily due to the involvement of the Chinese company Huawei in the UAE’s 5G network deployment.
Turkey’s collaboration with China for its 5G network rollout marks a substantial advancement in its telecommunications infrastructure. This ambitious agreement entails the extensive deployment of Huawei’s 5G technologies throughout Turkey’s urban and rural landscapes.
The initiative includes the installation of 5G base stations, central networks, and essential software, which promises ultra-fast mobile internet speeds, minimal latency, and the capability to connect a vast array of devices simultaneously.
These advancements are poised to push Turkey’s goals in smart cities, the Internet of Things [IoT], and advanced manufacturing further. Huawei’s involvement highlights the technological collaboration between Turkey and China, with Turkey aiming to utilize China’s expertise to enhance its own tech capabilities.
Technologically speaking, Huawei’s 5G solutions rank among the world’s most sophisticated, giving Turkey access to state-of-the-art technology. Huawei’s 5G network operates on proprietary technologies like Massive MIMO [Multiple Input Multiple Output] and beamforming, which are designed to dramatically boost network capacity and coverage.
This partnership also provides an opportunity for Turkey to gain from Huawei’s extensive experience in large-scale 5G deployments, potentially leading to a smoother and more efficient rollout process.
The concerns center on the security risks linked to Huawei, a Chinese company accused of maintaining close ties with the Chinese government. Rep. Mac Thornberry, an influential member of the House Armed Services Committee, has voiced doubts about the feasibility of any technical workarounds that could allow Huawei’s participation in vital telecommunications networks without compromising security.
He stressed that U.S. technical experts are skeptical about such solutions, viewing Huawei’s global 5G expansion as a calculated move by China to infiltrate worldwide communications networks, thereby posing a significant security threat.
Turkey’s decision to allow Chinese 5G technology to operate within its borders and its continued use of the S-400 missile system, despite calls from its allies, suggests that Ankara has no intention of rejoining the F-35 program. Contrary to international expert predictions that Turkey would eventually abandon the S-400, Ankara’s actions indicate otherwise.
In a February 2024 article titled “Turkey Signals Preference to Retain Russian S-400s in F-35 Row,” Selcan Hacaoglu discusses Turkey’s unwavering decision to keep its Russian-made S-400 missile defense system. This stance continues to heighten tensions with the United States.
Turkey’s commitment includes ongoing maintenance and operational readiness of the S-400s, along with recent affirmations from Turkish officials about the system’s crucial role in its national defense strategy.
Turkey’s refusal to back down on the S-400 issue suggests that they are willing to remain outside the F-35 program. Hacaoglu notes that this position challenges Turkey’s attempts to re-enter the F-35 program, as the U.S. perceives the S-400s as a major security risk that could potentially expose sensitive F-35 technology to Russia.
And last but not least, let’s talk about the Turkish fighter KAAN. Turkish officials have ramped up their efforts to position the KAAN, their homegrown fifth-generation fighter jet, as a direct replacement for the F-35, especially after Turkey was barred from acquiring it due to their purchase of the Russian S-400 missile defense system.
Temel Kotil, the General Manager of Turkish Aerospace Industries [TAI], has been particularly outspoken about the KAAN’s superiority over the F-35. According to Kotil, the KAAN can carry up to ten tons of weaponry, compared to the F-35’s six tons. Plus, with its two engines, it boasts greater operational capabilities, including extended radar range and power.
Additionally, Kotil has highlighted that by 2028, Turkey aims to start delivering 20 KAAN jets to its air force, irrespective of re-entering the F-35 program. He pointed out that even if Turkey were permitted to purchase the F-35, the delivery wouldn’t happen by 2028—a timeframe during which the KAAN will already be operational.
This push for self-reliance and technological superiority is a core component of Turkey’s broader defense strategy to reduce dependency on foreign military technology. As Kotil emphasized, the KAAN serves as a testament to Turkey’s commitment to national security through domestic expertise and innovation, positioning it as not just a replacement but an advancement over the F-35. @Jiangnan
[🇪🇬] From Rivalry to Cooperation: The Geopolitical Implications of Egypt-Turkey Rapprochement
- By Egyptian
- Egypt Defense Forum
- 3 Replies
Turkey and Egypt’s recent rapprochement comes after years of tension, sparked off by the ousting of the Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi in 2013. Bilateral political and diplomatic strains until now have limited Ankara and Cairo’s collaboration on regional crises across Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean in which both have interests at stake. Now, however, with Egypt and Turkey taking strides to repair their relations, the gates are open for cooperation on new strategies tackling enduring crises. Still, regional rivalries, conflicting loyalties, and external actors may complicate cooperation on critical matters like energy resources and tension in the Horn of Africa. What will the Cairo-Ankara thaw mean at the geopolitical level, and how will it affect regional crises in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean?
This set of essays, edited by the ISPI and Atlantic Council’s North Africa Program, seeks to address these challenges and possibilities while also offering concrete recommendations during this period of tremendous change. @LegionnairE @Lulldapull
[🇧🇩] Operation Devil Hunt
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 3 Replies
Operation Devil Hunt launched to curb crimes
Staff Correspondent 09 February, 2025, 00:40
The government on Saturday launched ‘Operation devil hunt’ to be conducted by the joint forces across the country in a bid to restore deteriorating law and order, bringing the perpetrators of violent crimes to justice.
The decision came at a law and order meeting convened at the home ministry at Bangladesh Secretariat in the wake of a violent attack on students and people in Gazipur on Friday night, said a home ministry press release issued on Saturday.
‘Several people were injured in an attack by ousted fascist criminals in Gazipur on Friday night,’ the release read.
The release also mentioned that details of the drive would be given through a press conference on Sunday.
At least 15 students were injured in a counterattack on Friday night by local people as several dozens of students reportedly went to attack the residence of AKM Mozammel Haque, the former liberation war affairs minister of the ousted Awami League regime.
The incident took place at about 10:00pm when people, including members of Student Movement Against Discrimination, attempted an attack on Mozammel Haque’s house in Gazipur city, according to the police and witnesses.
Following the incident, Gazipur Sadar police officer-in-charge Md Arifur Rahman has been withdrawn as he faced allegations of reaching the spot two hours later.
A spate of attacks was carried out on the house of Awami League leaders, party offices, and murals and portraits of the country’s founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his daughter deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina since Wednesday evening when the Bangabandhu Memorial Museum building at Dhanmondi 32 in Dhaka city was razed to the ground.
The chaotic situation began when different groups on their social media platforms called on people to join the ‘Bulldozer procession’ to demolish the Dhanmondi 32 building as Sheikh Hasina, now sheltered in India, was scheduled to address the country’s student community online on Wednesday late evening.
Earlier on September 4, the joint forces began another drive across the country to recover illegal firearms.
According to the home ministry, 5,818 firearms belonging to the law enforcement forces were looted during the July-August student-mass uprising and in the aftermath of the fall of Sheikh Hasina regime on August 5.
Police headquarters officials said that they had lost 5,750 various types of firearms to the looters and recovered 4,358 of them till January 16 through joint drives.
The interim government led by Professor Muhamamd Yunus, which took over the office on August 8, has yet to streamline the law and order situation.
In the past six months since its takeover, robberies, political violence, murders, mob violence, extortions and other crimes have soared, while criticisms are leveled at law enforcement personnel that they are giving the cold shoulder to the victims and often remain indifferent to the rise of violent crimes.
The PHQ data shows that 628 robbery incidents were reported between August and December in 2024 with 159 in December alone against 496 during the timeframe in 2023.
A total of 1,565 murder cases were filed between August and December in 2024 against 1,199 cases during the timeframe in 2023, the data shows.
It also shows that at least 326 kidnapping cases were filed from August to December in 2024 with 74 in December alone against 229 kidnapping cases were filed in the last five months in 2023.
Frequent mugging incidents also becomes a concern in Dhaka city as seven cases were reported in August, 17 in September, 33 in October, 38 in November and 51 in December, according to Dhaka Metropolitan Police officials.
Staff Correspondent 09 February, 2025, 00:40
The government on Saturday launched ‘Operation devil hunt’ to be conducted by the joint forces across the country in a bid to restore deteriorating law and order, bringing the perpetrators of violent crimes to justice.
The decision came at a law and order meeting convened at the home ministry at Bangladesh Secretariat in the wake of a violent attack on students and people in Gazipur on Friday night, said a home ministry press release issued on Saturday.
‘Several people were injured in an attack by ousted fascist criminals in Gazipur on Friday night,’ the release read.
The release also mentioned that details of the drive would be given through a press conference on Sunday.
At least 15 students were injured in a counterattack on Friday night by local people as several dozens of students reportedly went to attack the residence of AKM Mozammel Haque, the former liberation war affairs minister of the ousted Awami League regime.
The incident took place at about 10:00pm when people, including members of Student Movement Against Discrimination, attempted an attack on Mozammel Haque’s house in Gazipur city, according to the police and witnesses.
Following the incident, Gazipur Sadar police officer-in-charge Md Arifur Rahman has been withdrawn as he faced allegations of reaching the spot two hours later.
A spate of attacks was carried out on the house of Awami League leaders, party offices, and murals and portraits of the country’s founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his daughter deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina since Wednesday evening when the Bangabandhu Memorial Museum building at Dhanmondi 32 in Dhaka city was razed to the ground.
The chaotic situation began when different groups on their social media platforms called on people to join the ‘Bulldozer procession’ to demolish the Dhanmondi 32 building as Sheikh Hasina, now sheltered in India, was scheduled to address the country’s student community online on Wednesday late evening.
Earlier on September 4, the joint forces began another drive across the country to recover illegal firearms.
According to the home ministry, 5,818 firearms belonging to the law enforcement forces were looted during the July-August student-mass uprising and in the aftermath of the fall of Sheikh Hasina regime on August 5.
Police headquarters officials said that they had lost 5,750 various types of firearms to the looters and recovered 4,358 of them till January 16 through joint drives.
The interim government led by Professor Muhamamd Yunus, which took over the office on August 8, has yet to streamline the law and order situation.
In the past six months since its takeover, robberies, political violence, murders, mob violence, extortions and other crimes have soared, while criticisms are leveled at law enforcement personnel that they are giving the cold shoulder to the victims and often remain indifferent to the rise of violent crimes.
The PHQ data shows that 628 robbery incidents were reported between August and December in 2024 with 159 in December alone against 496 during the timeframe in 2023.
A total of 1,565 murder cases were filed between August and December in 2024 against 1,199 cases during the timeframe in 2023, the data shows.
It also shows that at least 326 kidnapping cases were filed from August to December in 2024 with 74 in December alone against 229 kidnapping cases were filed in the last five months in 2023.
Frequent mugging incidents also becomes a concern in Dhaka city as seven cases were reported in August, 17 in September, 33 in October, 38 in November and 51 in December, according to Dhaka Metropolitan Police officials.
[🇧🇩] Forming Election Commission/Conducting Elections
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 78 Replies
Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury to head EC search committee
Clockwise from left: Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury, Justice AKM Asaduzzaman, Prof CR Abrar, Prof Zinnatunnesa Tahmida Begum, Prof Mobasser Monem and Md Nurul Islam.
The government has formed a six-member search committee, chaired by Appellate Division Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury, to select eligible candidates for a new Election Commission (EC).
The committee will recommend two candidates for each position, including the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners.
According to government sources, the committee will include Justice AKM Asaduzzaman from the High Court Division, nominated by the chief justice, and two distinguished citizens appointed by the president.
These individuals are former PSC Chairman Professor Zinnatunnesa Tahmida Begum and retired Dhaka University professor CR Abrar. Additionally, under the law, Comptroller and Auditor General of Bangladesh Md Nurul Islam and the Chairman of the Public Service Commission (PSC), Mobassher Monem, will serve as ex-officio members.
Speaking on the matter at the secretariat earlier today, Law Adviser Asif Nazrul stated that the process for the upcoming 13th National Parliamentary Election has begun. He mentioned that a search committee is being formed to constitute the Election Commission. An official notification will soon be issued after being signed by Chief Adviser Prof Muhammad Yunus.
The law adviser noted that there are numerous questions about the voter list, describing previous elections as fraudulent. This time, the voter list will be updated to ensure transparency.
The Awami League government was ousted on August 5 following a student-led uprising, and on the following day, President Mohammed Sahabuddin dissolved the 12th Parliament. On August 8, an interim government led by Yunus was established.
On September 5, the Election Commission, led by Kazi Habibul Awal, resigned before the end of its term. This commission had been sworn in on February 27, 2022.
The law for the appointment of the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners specifies that a six-member search committee will be formed by the president to establish the Election Commission.
This committee is to include an Appellate Division judge nominated by the chief justice (who will serve as committee chair), a High Court Division judge nominated by the chief justice, the comptroller and auditor general, the chairman of the Public Service Commission (PSC), and two distinguished citizens appointed by the president, one of whom must be a woman.
According to the law, the search committee must provide its recommendations to the president within 15 working days.
Clockwise from left: Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury, Justice AKM Asaduzzaman, Prof CR Abrar, Prof Zinnatunnesa Tahmida Begum, Prof Mobasser Monem and Md Nurul Islam.
The government has formed a six-member search committee, chaired by Appellate Division Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury, to select eligible candidates for a new Election Commission (EC).
The committee will recommend two candidates for each position, including the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners.
According to government sources, the committee will include Justice AKM Asaduzzaman from the High Court Division, nominated by the chief justice, and two distinguished citizens appointed by the president.
These individuals are former PSC Chairman Professor Zinnatunnesa Tahmida Begum and retired Dhaka University professor CR Abrar. Additionally, under the law, Comptroller and Auditor General of Bangladesh Md Nurul Islam and the Chairman of the Public Service Commission (PSC), Mobassher Monem, will serve as ex-officio members.
Speaking on the matter at the secretariat earlier today, Law Adviser Asif Nazrul stated that the process for the upcoming 13th National Parliamentary Election has begun. He mentioned that a search committee is being formed to constitute the Election Commission. An official notification will soon be issued after being signed by Chief Adviser Prof Muhammad Yunus.
The law adviser noted that there are numerous questions about the voter list, describing previous elections as fraudulent. This time, the voter list will be updated to ensure transparency.
The Awami League government was ousted on August 5 following a student-led uprising, and on the following day, President Mohammed Sahabuddin dissolved the 12th Parliament. On August 8, an interim government led by Yunus was established.
On September 5, the Election Commission, led by Kazi Habibul Awal, resigned before the end of its term. This commission had been sworn in on February 27, 2022.
The law for the appointment of the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners specifies that a six-member search committee will be formed by the president to establish the Election Commission.
This committee is to include an Appellate Division judge nominated by the chief justice (who will serve as committee chair), a High Court Division judge nominated by the chief justice, the comptroller and auditor general, the chairman of the Public Service Commission (PSC), and two distinguished citizens appointed by the president, one of whom must be a woman.
According to the law, the search committee must provide its recommendations to the president within 15 working days.
[🇧🇩] Monitoring the political activities of BNP
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 166 Replies
BNP wants to reinstate caretaker govt system
Says Tarique
File photo of Tarique Rahman
BNP acting chairman Tarique Rahman yesterday said their party is willing to bring back the caretaker government system for elections to ensure the restoration of the people's voting rights.
"We want to reinstate the caretaker government system in the constitution to restore the people's right to vote," he said while exchanging views with BNP grassroots leaders and activists of Khulna division.
Stating that Bangladesh belongs to its citizens, the BNP leader said it is the people's justified democratic right to elect their representatives through the independent exercise of their voting rights.
He said the BNP introduced the caretaker government system in the constitution in 1996, replacing a partisan government, to safeguard the people's right to vote and ensure free and fair elections in the country.
"But in order to hang onto power, autocratic [Sheikh] Hasina removed it from the constitution and deprived the people of voting rights in three national elections," Tarique mentioned.
The BNP leader outlined the main objectives of their party's politics as ensuring security of the people, upholding freedom of speech, protecting the right to do business and trade peacefully, providing employment for youth, safeguarding the dignity and security of women, guaranteeing equal rights for all citizens regardless of religion, caste, or creed, whether they live on plains or hills, and establishing the rule of law throughout the country.
Tarique said the BNP's priorities also include ensuring a balance of power between the judiciary and executive branches, providing universal healthcare facilities, ensuring fair prices for agricultural products, and, above all, protecting the country's independence and sovereignty.
The BNP leader warned that their party will not tolerate any imprudent actions by a few wayward individuals within the party, regardless of who they are.
Tarique asked his party leaders to identify and resist those who dent the image of the party by not only expelling them from the party but also taking legal action against them.
Says Tarique
File photo of Tarique Rahman
BNP acting chairman Tarique Rahman yesterday said their party is willing to bring back the caretaker government system for elections to ensure the restoration of the people's voting rights.
"We want to reinstate the caretaker government system in the constitution to restore the people's right to vote," he said while exchanging views with BNP grassroots leaders and activists of Khulna division.
Stating that Bangladesh belongs to its citizens, the BNP leader said it is the people's justified democratic right to elect their representatives through the independent exercise of their voting rights.
He said the BNP introduced the caretaker government system in the constitution in 1996, replacing a partisan government, to safeguard the people's right to vote and ensure free and fair elections in the country.
"But in order to hang onto power, autocratic [Sheikh] Hasina removed it from the constitution and deprived the people of voting rights in three national elections," Tarique mentioned.
The BNP leader outlined the main objectives of their party's politics as ensuring security of the people, upholding freedom of speech, protecting the right to do business and trade peacefully, providing employment for youth, safeguarding the dignity and security of women, guaranteeing equal rights for all citizens regardless of religion, caste, or creed, whether they live on plains or hills, and establishing the rule of law throughout the country.
Tarique said the BNP's priorities also include ensuring a balance of power between the judiciary and executive branches, providing universal healthcare facilities, ensuring fair prices for agricultural products, and, above all, protecting the country's independence and sovereignty.
The BNP leader warned that their party will not tolerate any imprudent actions by a few wayward individuals within the party, regardless of who they are.
Tarique asked his party leaders to identify and resist those who dent the image of the party by not only expelling them from the party but also taking legal action against them.
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[🇧🇩] Everything about Hasina's misrule/Laundered Money etc.
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 184 Replies
Sheikh Hasina was a classic autocrat: M Sakhawat Hossain
Published :
Aug 05, 2024 22:03
Updated :
Aug 05, 2024 22:03
Sheikh Hasina was a classic autocrat who dismissed the people, and this disdain has led to her current predicament, according to Brigadier General (Retd) M. Sakhawat Hossain, an election analyst and former military officer. In a special interview with UNB news agency over the phone, he expressed these views.
He stated that today's events were inevitable and were bound to happen. "We have seen similar situations in Tunisia, Libya, and Syria. Popular uprisings are unstoppable. The student quota reform movement could have been resolved easily, but due to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's stubbornness, so many people lost their lives."
Hossain criticised the media's portrayal of the casualties, claiming that the true number is closer to 400, with a significant portion being students and young people. He questioned the whereabouts of the remaining bodies, mass graves, and the extent of innocent lives lost. "She has gone, but who will answer for this?" he asked.
He accused the ruling government of carrying out the "most heinous massacre" and of misleading the public by blaming criminals while those responsible were, in fact, their own countrymen. "Such things should not happen in a free country," he remarked.
Hossain also noted that for the past 15 years, people have been unable to vote properly, with widespread election fraud. He stated that Sheikh Hasina should have understood her and her party's unpopularity, and questioned who would be held accountable for the bloodshed. He criticized the severe lack of good governance, which he believes Sheikh Hasina failed to provide.
Furthermore, he alleged that Sheikh Hasina has created criminal gangs within the country and turned the police and Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) into her personal enforcers.
Reflecting on the plight of the family members of the so-called Father of the Nation, he questioned why they had to face such a tragic fate, attributing it to Hasina's arrogance and pride. He drew a parallel with the 2009 BDR mutiny, where 57 army officers were killed, and questioned who would answer for that incident as well.
He criticised Sheikh Hasina's control over TV media and her suppression of free speech, citing it as a reason he avoided talk shows. He claimed he had urged the Prime Minister in various meetings to ensure good governance, but was labelled as an 'agent of the opposition' for his criticisms.
"Today, Sheikh Hasina has fled the country, and now the army has had to take responsibility for the nation's situation," he concluded.
Published :
Aug 05, 2024 22:03
Updated :
Aug 05, 2024 22:03
Sheikh Hasina was a classic autocrat who dismissed the people, and this disdain has led to her current predicament, according to Brigadier General (Retd) M. Sakhawat Hossain, an election analyst and former military officer. In a special interview with UNB news agency over the phone, he expressed these views.
He stated that today's events were inevitable and were bound to happen. "We have seen similar situations in Tunisia, Libya, and Syria. Popular uprisings are unstoppable. The student quota reform movement could have been resolved easily, but due to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's stubbornness, so many people lost their lives."
Hossain criticised the media's portrayal of the casualties, claiming that the true number is closer to 400, with a significant portion being students and young people. He questioned the whereabouts of the remaining bodies, mass graves, and the extent of innocent lives lost. "She has gone, but who will answer for this?" he asked.
He accused the ruling government of carrying out the "most heinous massacre" and of misleading the public by blaming criminals while those responsible were, in fact, their own countrymen. "Such things should not happen in a free country," he remarked.
Hossain also noted that for the past 15 years, people have been unable to vote properly, with widespread election fraud. He stated that Sheikh Hasina should have understood her and her party's unpopularity, and questioned who would be held accountable for the bloodshed. He criticized the severe lack of good governance, which he believes Sheikh Hasina failed to provide.
Furthermore, he alleged that Sheikh Hasina has created criminal gangs within the country and turned the police and Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) into her personal enforcers.
Reflecting on the plight of the family members of the so-called Father of the Nation, he questioned why they had to face such a tragic fate, attributing it to Hasina's arrogance and pride. He drew a parallel with the 2009 BDR mutiny, where 57 army officers were killed, and questioned who would answer for that incident as well.
He criticised Sheikh Hasina's control over TV media and her suppression of free speech, citing it as a reason he avoided talk shows. He claimed he had urged the Prime Minister in various meetings to ensure good governance, but was labelled as an 'agent of the opposition' for his criticisms.
"Today, Sheikh Hasina has fled the country, and now the army has had to take responsibility for the nation's situation," he concluded.
[🇧🇩] Dr. Yunus's Trip to UNGA and More
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 11 Replies
High expectations from Dr Yunus's UNGA trip
Scope for improved relations and collaborations
VISUAL: STAR
For Bangladesh, the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) holds more significance than usual as this is the first major global summit the country is taking part in following the fall of the Sheikh Hasina regime. Chief Adviser Prof Muhammad Yunus flew out of the capital at around 5:10am on September 23 to attend the UNGA, as well as a number of meetings. Given his international stature, we expect to see opportunities open up for Bangladesh to build meaningful, strategic collaborations that will help with its reform agenda in the short term, and with trade, economic growth and development in the long term.
The chief adviser is scheduled to address the UNGA on September 27, where he will present the context of the anti-discrimination student movement that evolved into a mass uprising in the face of state-sponsored violence, ultimately ending the 15-plus years of Sheikh Hasina's authoritarian rule. He is also set to highlight the reform initiatives that his government has undertaken, which we believe is a crucial part of his UNGA agenda. Presenting before the world our people's aspirations for a strong, fair and equitable justice system, impartial state machinery that serves only the people, and a democratic system where no one's voice is suppressed is key to gaining acceptance and cooperation from the international community—both at the government-to-government and people-to-people levels.
On the sidelines of the UNGA, the chief adviser is scheduled to meet US President Joe Biden on September 24. This meeting is considered significant as it's the reflection of US support for the interim administration in Bangladesh, according to diplomatic sources in New York. Plus, it's not usual for a US president to hold bilateral meetings during the UNGA. So, we hope to see a new strategic partnership emerge out of this meeting that will strengthen our ties with the US and protect our interests at the same time. Another high-level meeting is set to take place between Bangladesh Foreign Affairs Adviser Md Touhid Hossain and Indian External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar, which we expect to kick-start the process to normalise relations between the neighbouring countries after weeks of tension surrounding Hasina's fall and her being sheltered in India.
The chief adviser is also set to hold bilateral meetings with several heads of governments, and some of our strategic and development partners, including the EU. Bangladesh will also host a high-level reception on September 24, marking the 50th anniversary of its UN membership, and will attend a high-level side event on the Rohingya crisis.
As it goes through a massive transformation following the events of August 5, Bangladesh has yet to find an even footing. Our economy continues to struggle, our foreign exchange reserve crisis is still concerning, and our export earnings are still not up to the mark. Years of corruption and irregularities have left some lasting wounds, and to heal them, we need help from our partners. We hope the interim government will be able to garner the support needed to smoothen Bangladesh's reforms and aid in its interests moving forward.
Scope for improved relations and collaborations
VISUAL: STAR
For Bangladesh, the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) holds more significance than usual as this is the first major global summit the country is taking part in following the fall of the Sheikh Hasina regime. Chief Adviser Prof Muhammad Yunus flew out of the capital at around 5:10am on September 23 to attend the UNGA, as well as a number of meetings. Given his international stature, we expect to see opportunities open up for Bangladesh to build meaningful, strategic collaborations that will help with its reform agenda in the short term, and with trade, economic growth and development in the long term.
The chief adviser is scheduled to address the UNGA on September 27, where he will present the context of the anti-discrimination student movement that evolved into a mass uprising in the face of state-sponsored violence, ultimately ending the 15-plus years of Sheikh Hasina's authoritarian rule. He is also set to highlight the reform initiatives that his government has undertaken, which we believe is a crucial part of his UNGA agenda. Presenting before the world our people's aspirations for a strong, fair and equitable justice system, impartial state machinery that serves only the people, and a democratic system where no one's voice is suppressed is key to gaining acceptance and cooperation from the international community—both at the government-to-government and people-to-people levels.
On the sidelines of the UNGA, the chief adviser is scheduled to meet US President Joe Biden on September 24. This meeting is considered significant as it's the reflection of US support for the interim administration in Bangladesh, according to diplomatic sources in New York. Plus, it's not usual for a US president to hold bilateral meetings during the UNGA. So, we hope to see a new strategic partnership emerge out of this meeting that will strengthen our ties with the US and protect our interests at the same time. Another high-level meeting is set to take place between Bangladesh Foreign Affairs Adviser Md Touhid Hossain and Indian External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar, which we expect to kick-start the process to normalise relations between the neighbouring countries after weeks of tension surrounding Hasina's fall and her being sheltered in India.
The chief adviser is also set to hold bilateral meetings with several heads of governments, and some of our strategic and development partners, including the EU. Bangladesh will also host a high-level reception on September 24, marking the 50th anniversary of its UN membership, and will attend a high-level side event on the Rohingya crisis.
As it goes through a massive transformation following the events of August 5, Bangladesh has yet to find an even footing. Our economy continues to struggle, our foreign exchange reserve crisis is still concerning, and our export earnings are still not up to the mark. Years of corruption and irregularities have left some lasting wounds, and to heal them, we need help from our partners. We hope the interim government will be able to garner the support needed to smoothen Bangladesh's reforms and aid in its interests moving forward.
-
[🇧🇩] Israel and Hamas war in Gaza-----Can Bangladesh be a peace broker?
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Strategic Affairs
- 535 Replies
Foreign minister calls for greater OIC role to end Gaza atrocities
Foreign Minister Hasan Mahmud. File photo
Foreign Minister Hasan Mahmud called on the OIC member states to take alternate measures to end the conflict in Gaza and to ensure rights for the Palestinian people.
The foreign minister reiterated Bangladesh's firm support for the Palestinian cause and called for an immediate ceasefire and opening of humanitarian corridors in the besieged territory.
While addressing the 19th Extraordinary CFM of the OIC on Israel's' aggression on the Palestinian People in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, he also stressed on the importance of the Islamic Financial Safety Net to ensure basic necessities for the Palestinians.
Foreign minister, mentioning the strong statement delivered by Bangladesh at the ICJ in February for the Palestinians, hoped that peace will be established soon in the region.
Noting the current stalemate at the United Nations Security Council, Foreign Minister highlighted the need for its reform so that decision on globally effecting issues could be reached.
He stressed the importance of Muslim Ummah's unity to stop atrocities against Palestinians, ensuring their safe and peaceful living in their homeland.
Earlier yesterday, Dr Hasan Mahmud paid a courtesy call on Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud at the OIC Secretariat in Jeddah.
Expressing satisfaction at bilateral ties, Dr Mahmud hoped for deeper cooperation between Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia, anticipating a visit from Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
Al Saud affirmed Saudi Arabia's commitment to sophisticated economic cooperation.
They discussed increasing sectoral cooperation, trade, and investment opportunities, with Dr. Mahmud seeking cooperation in crude oil purchase, which Al Saud promised to consider, including investments in refinery and petrochemical industries.
Al Saud congratulated Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on her re-election and praised her leadership in hosting Rohingya refugees, pledging Saudi Arabia's full support.
Hasan Mahmud also met with OIC Secretary General Hissein Brahim Taha.
Taha praised Sheikh Hasina's leadership and reaffirmed OIC's support for Rohingya people.
The foreign minister advocated for greater trade and investment among OIC member states to mitigate economic challenges stemming from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, proposing a dedicated cell at the OIC Secretariat for trade-related information dissemination.
[🇺🇦] Monitoring Russian and Ukraine War.
- By Saif
- Ukraine Defense Forum
- 204 Replies
US House passes $95b Ukraine, Israel aid package
Members of the U.S. House of Representatives gather for a fourth round of voting for a new House Speaker on the second day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, U.S., January 4, 2023. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst
The US House of Representatives on Saturday with broad bipartisan support passed a $95 billion legislative package providing security assistance to Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, over bitter objections from Republican hardliners.
The legislation now proceeds to the Democratic-majority Senate, which passed a similar measure more than two months ago. US leaders from Democratic President Joe Biden to top Senate Republican Mitch McConnell have been urging embattled Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson to bring it up for a vote.
The Senate is expected to pass the measure next week, sending it to Biden to sign into law.
A dozen or so Democratic lawmakers waved small Ukrainian flags as it became clear that element of the package was headed to passage. Johnson told lawmakers that was a "violation of decorum."
Johnson this week chose to ignore ouster threats by hardline members of his fractious 218-213 majority and push forward the measure that includes some $60.84 billion for Ukraine as it struggles to fight off a two-year Russian invasion.
The unusual four-bill package also includes funds for Israel, security assistance for Taiwan and allies in the Indo-Pacific and a measure that includes sanctions, a threat to ban the Chinese-owned social media app TikTok and the potential transfer of seized Russian assets to Ukraine.
"The world is watching what the Congress does," the White House said in a statement on Friday. "Passing this legislation would send a powerful message about the strength of American leadership at a pivotal moment. The administration urges both chambers of the Congress to quickly send this supplemental funding package to the president's desk.
Some hardline Republicans have voiced strong opposition to further Ukraine aid, with some arguing the U.S. can ill afford it given its rising $34 trillion national debt. They have repeatedly raised the threat of ousting Johnson, who became speaker in October after his predecessor, Kevin McCarthy, was ousted by party hardliners.
"It's not the perfect legislation, it's not the legislation that we would write if Republicans were in charge of both the House, the Senate, and the White House," Johnson told reporters on Friday. "This is the best possible product that we can get under these circumstances to take care of these really important obligations."
Representative Bob Good, chair of the hardline House Freedom Caucus, told reporters on Friday that the bills represent a "slide down into the abyss of greater fiscal crisis and America-last policies that reflect Biden and (Democratic Senate Majority Leader Chuck) Schumer and (House Democratic leader Hakeem) Jeffries, and don't reflect the American people."
But Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, who carries huge influence in the party, on April 12 voiced support for Johnson and in a Thursday social media post said Ukraine's survival is important for the US.
The bills provide $60.84 billion to address the conflict in Ukraine, including $23 billion to replenish U.S. weapons, stocks and facilities; $26 billion for Israel, including $9.1 billion for humanitarian needs, and $8.12 billion for the Indo-Pacific.
Members of the U.S. House of Representatives gather for a fourth round of voting for a new House Speaker on the second day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, U.S., January 4, 2023. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst
The US House of Representatives on Saturday with broad bipartisan support passed a $95 billion legislative package providing security assistance to Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, over bitter objections from Republican hardliners.
The legislation now proceeds to the Democratic-majority Senate, which passed a similar measure more than two months ago. US leaders from Democratic President Joe Biden to top Senate Republican Mitch McConnell have been urging embattled Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson to bring it up for a vote.
The Senate is expected to pass the measure next week, sending it to Biden to sign into law.
A dozen or so Democratic lawmakers waved small Ukrainian flags as it became clear that element of the package was headed to passage. Johnson told lawmakers that was a "violation of decorum."
Johnson this week chose to ignore ouster threats by hardline members of his fractious 218-213 majority and push forward the measure that includes some $60.84 billion for Ukraine as it struggles to fight off a two-year Russian invasion.
The unusual four-bill package also includes funds for Israel, security assistance for Taiwan and allies in the Indo-Pacific and a measure that includes sanctions, a threat to ban the Chinese-owned social media app TikTok and the potential transfer of seized Russian assets to Ukraine.
"The world is watching what the Congress does," the White House said in a statement on Friday. "Passing this legislation would send a powerful message about the strength of American leadership at a pivotal moment. The administration urges both chambers of the Congress to quickly send this supplemental funding package to the president's desk.
Some hardline Republicans have voiced strong opposition to further Ukraine aid, with some arguing the U.S. can ill afford it given its rising $34 trillion national debt. They have repeatedly raised the threat of ousting Johnson, who became speaker in October after his predecessor, Kevin McCarthy, was ousted by party hardliners.
"It's not the perfect legislation, it's not the legislation that we would write if Republicans were in charge of both the House, the Senate, and the White House," Johnson told reporters on Friday. "This is the best possible product that we can get under these circumstances to take care of these really important obligations."
Representative Bob Good, chair of the hardline House Freedom Caucus, told reporters on Friday that the bills represent a "slide down into the abyss of greater fiscal crisis and America-last policies that reflect Biden and (Democratic Senate Majority Leader Chuck) Schumer and (House Democratic leader Hakeem) Jeffries, and don't reflect the American people."
But Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, who carries huge influence in the party, on April 12 voiced support for Johnson and in a Thursday social media post said Ukraine's survival is important for the US.
The bills provide $60.84 billion to address the conflict in Ukraine, including $23 billion to replenish U.S. weapons, stocks and facilities; $26 billion for Israel, including $9.1 billion for humanitarian needs, and $8.12 billion for the Indo-Pacific.
-
[🇧🇩] Student Revolution: Lessons from Bangladesh
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 108 Replies
Lessons from Bangladesh
Photo: Prabir Das/Star/File
AFTER the tragic loss of an estimated 300 students during a fatal crackdown on protests in Bangladesh, the world stands captivated by the power of young students who led the demonstrations against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed, the longest-serving prime minister of the country since its independence from Pakistan in 1971. She was forced to flee the country after over 15 years in power and a brutal campaign of weakening and persecuting any political opposition.
The issue arose with students' frustration at the inability to compete for lucrative government jobs, more than half of which were reserved under various quotas, the largest being the 30 per cent allocation for the children and grandchildren of those who fought for Bangladesh's independence.
This 30pc quota had been scrapped in 2018 after student protests, but the high court reinstated it in 2024 soon after Sheikh Hasina's fourth consecutive victory in a questionable election, widely cited as an unfair one.
When the students started demonstrating against the quota in order to gain their rightful share in taxpayer-funded government jobs on merit, the government and the students body linked with the ruling party responded violently, beating and killing students at Dhaka University. These protests spilled into the streets, transforming into an expression of frustration with the autocratic rule of the Awami League.
It should be encouraging that students in Bangladesh are taking a stand against nepotism.
It is being touted as the first revolution to be led by Gen-Z, the first digital native generation defined by its resolute no-nonsense attitude. Whereas understandably there is a lot of scepticism about whether this will lead to true democracy in Bangladesh — which will require a lot more than a series of demonstrations — it signals the approach of Gen-Z, which is shifting attitudes and practices in a post Covid-19 world as they enter the workforce. There are several lessons for the region and the world from the Bangladeshi Gen-Z's successful campaign against the Awami League government.
First, it shows the frustration that a lack of meritocracy in a state can lead to, especially when it has an economic impact. Universities in Bangladesh led the freedom movement in 1971 when the then East Pakistan was denied recognition of Bengali as an official language despite half the population speaking it. It should be encouraging that students are demanding merit and taking a stand against nepotism and favouritism-based quotas. States must ensure that public sector systems are fair.
Second, several commentators have pointed out that economic success in a country may not be enough to buy a population's acquiescence. Basic rights and equal distribution of resources are key for young people, the lack of which can lead to the toppling of a strong repressive government. Despite documented growth of above 8pc in Bangladesh, people were frustrated by the nepotism of and suppression by the regime, which resulted in unemployment among skilled youth. Assuming that economic prosperity in a pluralistic society will silence dissent is to fool oneself.
Third, censorship of the press and social media, and shutdown of internet and mobile phone networks are not effective in quelling protests and getting the word out in this day and age. Despite a countrywide internet shutdown in Bangladesh, the young protesters persisted and achieved what they had set out to do, all the while using various tools to get information out. It is prudent to listen to the voices of citizens, especially those who shape the nation and its future, rather than attempting to suppress them. Investment in digital repression is counterproductive and futile, especially when public funds that should be spent on progress and development are spent on stunting the potential of the digital economy. Nobody wants to do business with or hire talent from a country where internet shutdowns and the censorship of applications and websites are widespread and arbitrary. According to various estimates by watchdogs, internet shutdowns in Bangladesh cost the economy billions of dollars in the past month.
Fourth, the patriotism of the soldiers in Bangladesh must be appreciated. There is nothing more patriotic than refusing to fire at one's own citizens for demanding their rights, something everyone is entitled to do. Militaries must not turn against their own people as that is the job of occupiers, and not of one's own military that is sustained by the taxpayers. After all, the state belongs to its people and is built by them; orders to attack them must have no place in society.
Fifth, it is inevitable that people will rise against political persecution, illegitimate power grabbed through rigged elections, and a compromised judiciary. Political parties have more to gain by governing through legitimacy rather than relying on state machinery that engineers the usurping of legitimacy and undermining the will of the people.
Moving forward, the challenges for any decentralised youth-led change movement after initial success are two-fold. First, strategising to avoid being co-opted by local actors, such as the military or political parties, who can take advantage of the power vacuum for their own benefit. In such a situation, it is key for representatives of the students to insist on being a meaningful part of any process of change built on the blood and struggle of well-meaning youth.
Second, and the tougher one intrinsically linked to the self-serving cooperation of local power-brokers, is ensuring that the local struggle does not fall victim to the strategic games of international power-brokers who reject any local democratic processes, as was seen in Egypt in the aftermath of the Arab Spring protests. This should hold true even if the short-term objectives of the movement align with the foreign powers' objectives in the region. The US helped install dictator Gen Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Egypt after helping him topple a democratically elected government led by Mohamed Morsi after 'Dictator-General' Hosni Mubarak was forced to step down by young protesters.
The power of a frustrated and informed young polity cannot be underestimated, and their struggle and idealism must not go to waste.
[The writer is director of Bolo Bhi, an advocacy forum for digital rights.]
Photo: Prabir Das/Star/File
AFTER the tragic loss of an estimated 300 students during a fatal crackdown on protests in Bangladesh, the world stands captivated by the power of young students who led the demonstrations against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed, the longest-serving prime minister of the country since its independence from Pakistan in 1971. She was forced to flee the country after over 15 years in power and a brutal campaign of weakening and persecuting any political opposition.
The issue arose with students' frustration at the inability to compete for lucrative government jobs, more than half of which were reserved under various quotas, the largest being the 30 per cent allocation for the children and grandchildren of those who fought for Bangladesh's independence.
This 30pc quota had been scrapped in 2018 after student protests, but the high court reinstated it in 2024 soon after Sheikh Hasina's fourth consecutive victory in a questionable election, widely cited as an unfair one.
When the students started demonstrating against the quota in order to gain their rightful share in taxpayer-funded government jobs on merit, the government and the students body linked with the ruling party responded violently, beating and killing students at Dhaka University. These protests spilled into the streets, transforming into an expression of frustration with the autocratic rule of the Awami League.
It should be encouraging that students in Bangladesh are taking a stand against nepotism.
It is being touted as the first revolution to be led by Gen-Z, the first digital native generation defined by its resolute no-nonsense attitude. Whereas understandably there is a lot of scepticism about whether this will lead to true democracy in Bangladesh — which will require a lot more than a series of demonstrations — it signals the approach of Gen-Z, which is shifting attitudes and practices in a post Covid-19 world as they enter the workforce. There are several lessons for the region and the world from the Bangladeshi Gen-Z's successful campaign against the Awami League government.
First, it shows the frustration that a lack of meritocracy in a state can lead to, especially when it has an economic impact. Universities in Bangladesh led the freedom movement in 1971 when the then East Pakistan was denied recognition of Bengali as an official language despite half the population speaking it. It should be encouraging that students are demanding merit and taking a stand against nepotism and favouritism-based quotas. States must ensure that public sector systems are fair.
Second, several commentators have pointed out that economic success in a country may not be enough to buy a population's acquiescence. Basic rights and equal distribution of resources are key for young people, the lack of which can lead to the toppling of a strong repressive government. Despite documented growth of above 8pc in Bangladesh, people were frustrated by the nepotism of and suppression by the regime, which resulted in unemployment among skilled youth. Assuming that economic prosperity in a pluralistic society will silence dissent is to fool oneself.
Third, censorship of the press and social media, and shutdown of internet and mobile phone networks are not effective in quelling protests and getting the word out in this day and age. Despite a countrywide internet shutdown in Bangladesh, the young protesters persisted and achieved what they had set out to do, all the while using various tools to get information out. It is prudent to listen to the voices of citizens, especially those who shape the nation and its future, rather than attempting to suppress them. Investment in digital repression is counterproductive and futile, especially when public funds that should be spent on progress and development are spent on stunting the potential of the digital economy. Nobody wants to do business with or hire talent from a country where internet shutdowns and the censorship of applications and websites are widespread and arbitrary. According to various estimates by watchdogs, internet shutdowns in Bangladesh cost the economy billions of dollars in the past month.
Fourth, the patriotism of the soldiers in Bangladesh must be appreciated. There is nothing more patriotic than refusing to fire at one's own citizens for demanding their rights, something everyone is entitled to do. Militaries must not turn against their own people as that is the job of occupiers, and not of one's own military that is sustained by the taxpayers. After all, the state belongs to its people and is built by them; orders to attack them must have no place in society.
Fifth, it is inevitable that people will rise against political persecution, illegitimate power grabbed through rigged elections, and a compromised judiciary. Political parties have more to gain by governing through legitimacy rather than relying on state machinery that engineers the usurping of legitimacy and undermining the will of the people.
Moving forward, the challenges for any decentralised youth-led change movement after initial success are two-fold. First, strategising to avoid being co-opted by local actors, such as the military or political parties, who can take advantage of the power vacuum for their own benefit. In such a situation, it is key for representatives of the students to insist on being a meaningful part of any process of change built on the blood and struggle of well-meaning youth.
Second, and the tougher one intrinsically linked to the self-serving cooperation of local power-brokers, is ensuring that the local struggle does not fall victim to the strategic games of international power-brokers who reject any local democratic processes, as was seen in Egypt in the aftermath of the Arab Spring protests. This should hold true even if the short-term objectives of the movement align with the foreign powers' objectives in the region. The US helped install dictator Gen Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Egypt after helping him topple a democratically elected government led by Mohamed Morsi after 'Dictator-General' Hosni Mubarak was forced to step down by young protesters.
The power of a frustrated and informed young polity cannot be underestimated, and their struggle and idealism must not go to waste.
[The writer is director of Bolo Bhi, an advocacy forum for digital rights.]
[🇧🇩] Reforms carried out by the interim/future Govts.
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 141 Replies
Are we ready for Bangladesh 2.0?
We must commit ourselves to work with women, girls, youth, the discriminated, and the marginalised to build their agency and voice in Bangladesh 2.0. PHOTO: AFP
What just happened in Bangladesh is a revolution led and staged by students with people's support. In this historical moment when Gen Z and reformists are driving Bangladesh, I feel charged and would like to reflect on the call made by Dr Muhammad Yunus for people to come forward and work with him. The Yunus-led interim government along with the student leaders have the task for reform and the establishment of justice cut out for them. So let us take a step in the direction of our action and commitment to materialise this agenda.
Should we call for a new social contract—an agreement among individuals within a social group to abide by rules and laws for collective good—that reflects inclusion and equity? Are we ready to decolonise our minds and refrain from the "fear narrative" across all levels? Can we commit to stop celebrating violence in all possible narratives? If not, can there be a change until we shed old habits and work on our sense of responsible citizenship, moral values, and integrity?
Are we ready to stop discriminating based on gender, class, and caste, responding to the movement's call for an end to discrimination? Will we refrain from oppressing the marginalised? Will society commit to ending patriarchy? Can we commit to ending abuse due to structural causes as well as child abuse, child marriage, domestic violence, harassment, and sexual abuse perpetrated by individuals in both private and public spaces? Would this be possible in a society where 51 percent of girls in the age group of 15-18 years in Bangladesh are still being married off?
One way to address these will be by taking legal measures and bringing systemic change. However, these efforts will fail if we do not work to end socially acceptable harmful practices, sustained by society. Arguments put forward for harmful practices have always been about the safety and security of the girls and women in society. Did anyone ask if they need protectors or would rather opt for the end of male dominance? Are we ready to acknowledge the toxic traits of the oppressors that have inadvertently infected everyone even though the nation collectively hate them? I, however, understand that patriarchy and oppression by the powerful will take time to wear off.
Also, are we willing to restrain from arrogance and self-promotion, self-interest, and power aggrandizement? Experts have repeatedly stated that one of the reasons for the fall of the autocrat is her arrogance that grew from a sense of power over others and intolerance to dissent.
Are we ready not to impose our beliefs and thoughts on others and instead work on universal values? Are we ready to rise above our comfort zones and sit at the same table with those with opposing views to be truly inclusive? Can we agree not to force our decisions on children, and respect women and girls? Will we commit not to grab power, business, land, and property? Youth should be aware when the elders try to rationalise these practices as something necessary to secure their future.
We believe malpractice and exploitation cannot be the foundation of any stable or sustainable future. However, can we expect corporate actors to move away from extractive and exploitative practices and engage in business interests with the environment, ecology, climate change, and climate justice in mind? Will they commit to the transition from fossil fuels to green growth and invest as necessary to make that critical change? Youth engagement in climate justice is increasingly vital for fostering lasting change, particularly in Bangladesh, where recent political shifts have amplified the voices of young people. Their collective demands include accountability and transparency in the management of climate funds, alongside the eradication of corruption in environmental projects. As we rebuild the country, strong advocacy for a green economic recovery emphasising sustainable job creation in renewable energy and eco-friendly industries is needed. Addressing the challenges youth face at the grassroots level is essential, particularly in the context of climate justice. The actions today will shape the future.
No one is safe until all can participate and enjoy their entitlements. Therefore, society's agenda should be: how will we make everyone feel welcome and comfortable to share their thoughts and be heard as a mark of us respecting knowledge leadership, community, women, and youth leadership? Can we be connected to people, thoughts, ambitions, ideas, approaches, and energy in a way that has not been the case before?
Can we commit ourselves to work with women, girls, youth, the discriminated, and the marginalised to build their agency and voice in Bangladesh 2.0?
Farah Kabir is the country director of ActionAid Bangladesh.
We must commit ourselves to work with women, girls, youth, the discriminated, and the marginalised to build their agency and voice in Bangladesh 2.0. PHOTO: AFP
What just happened in Bangladesh is a revolution led and staged by students with people's support. In this historical moment when Gen Z and reformists are driving Bangladesh, I feel charged and would like to reflect on the call made by Dr Muhammad Yunus for people to come forward and work with him. The Yunus-led interim government along with the student leaders have the task for reform and the establishment of justice cut out for them. So let us take a step in the direction of our action and commitment to materialise this agenda.
Should we call for a new social contract—an agreement among individuals within a social group to abide by rules and laws for collective good—that reflects inclusion and equity? Are we ready to decolonise our minds and refrain from the "fear narrative" across all levels? Can we commit to stop celebrating violence in all possible narratives? If not, can there be a change until we shed old habits and work on our sense of responsible citizenship, moral values, and integrity?
Are we ready to stop discriminating based on gender, class, and caste, responding to the movement's call for an end to discrimination? Will we refrain from oppressing the marginalised? Will society commit to ending patriarchy? Can we commit to ending abuse due to structural causes as well as child abuse, child marriage, domestic violence, harassment, and sexual abuse perpetrated by individuals in both private and public spaces? Would this be possible in a society where 51 percent of girls in the age group of 15-18 years in Bangladesh are still being married off?
One way to address these will be by taking legal measures and bringing systemic change. However, these efforts will fail if we do not work to end socially acceptable harmful practices, sustained by society. Arguments put forward for harmful practices have always been about the safety and security of the girls and women in society. Did anyone ask if they need protectors or would rather opt for the end of male dominance? Are we ready to acknowledge the toxic traits of the oppressors that have inadvertently infected everyone even though the nation collectively hate them? I, however, understand that patriarchy and oppression by the powerful will take time to wear off.
Also, are we willing to restrain from arrogance and self-promotion, self-interest, and power aggrandizement? Experts have repeatedly stated that one of the reasons for the fall of the autocrat is her arrogance that grew from a sense of power over others and intolerance to dissent.
Are we ready not to impose our beliefs and thoughts on others and instead work on universal values? Are we ready to rise above our comfort zones and sit at the same table with those with opposing views to be truly inclusive? Can we agree not to force our decisions on children, and respect women and girls? Will we commit not to grab power, business, land, and property? Youth should be aware when the elders try to rationalise these practices as something necessary to secure their future.
We believe malpractice and exploitation cannot be the foundation of any stable or sustainable future. However, can we expect corporate actors to move away from extractive and exploitative practices and engage in business interests with the environment, ecology, climate change, and climate justice in mind? Will they commit to the transition from fossil fuels to green growth and invest as necessary to make that critical change? Youth engagement in climate justice is increasingly vital for fostering lasting change, particularly in Bangladesh, where recent political shifts have amplified the voices of young people. Their collective demands include accountability and transparency in the management of climate funds, alongside the eradication of corruption in environmental projects. As we rebuild the country, strong advocacy for a green economic recovery emphasising sustainable job creation in renewable energy and eco-friendly industries is needed. Addressing the challenges youth face at the grassroots level is essential, particularly in the context of climate justice. The actions today will shape the future.
No one is safe until all can participate and enjoy their entitlements. Therefore, society's agenda should be: how will we make everyone feel welcome and comfortable to share their thoughts and be heard as a mark of us respecting knowledge leadership, community, women, and youth leadership? Can we be connected to people, thoughts, ambitions, ideas, approaches, and energy in a way that has not been the case before?
Can we commit ourselves to work with women, girls, youth, the discriminated, and the marginalised to build their agency and voice in Bangladesh 2.0?
Farah Kabir is the country director of ActionAid Bangladesh.
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[🇧🇩] Partnership Between Bangladesh And South Korea
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Strategic Affairs
- 15 Replies
Sakhawat seeks S Korean investment in jute, textile sectors
BSS 16 October, 2024, 22:19
BSS photo
Jute and textile adviser Brigadier General (retired) M Sakhawat Hussain on Wednesday urged South Korea to come up with investments in jute and textile sectors, as its envoy Park Young-sik called on him.
‘Jute Diversification Promotion Centre is working to produce multipurpose jute products, while steps are also being taken to enrich the jute and textile sector through research,’ he said during the meeting with the envoy at the shipping ministry.
Sakhawat Hussain, also adviser of the shipping ministry, mentioned the jute diversification as a very promising sector and urged the envoy to invest in this sector for mutual benefits, said a ministry press release.
He said that the present government had taken steps to introduce jute bags instead of polythene to prevent environmental pollution.
Production of ‘Sonali Bag’ from jute is on the way, he said, adding that the demand for eco-friendly jute and jute products was increasing both in the country and abroad.
Applauding the government’s initiative to stop the use of polythene to prevent environmental pollution, the Korean ambassador said that jute was environmentally friendly as a natural fibre.
Park Yong-sik expressed his country’s eagerness to cooperate in the development of Bangladesh’s jute sector.
Referring to the visit of a South Korean delegation to see investment opportunities and possibilities two years ago, he said that such efforts would continue in the future.
The ambassador also noted Bangladesh’s bright potential in the shipping industry.
The adviser also urged Korean investors to invest in the country’s ship industry, saying that more projects of the ministry were underway with South Korea.
Secretary of the ministry and officials concerned were present.
BSS 16 October, 2024, 22:19
BSS photo
Jute and textile adviser Brigadier General (retired) M Sakhawat Hussain on Wednesday urged South Korea to come up with investments in jute and textile sectors, as its envoy Park Young-sik called on him.
‘Jute Diversification Promotion Centre is working to produce multipurpose jute products, while steps are also being taken to enrich the jute and textile sector through research,’ he said during the meeting with the envoy at the shipping ministry.
Sakhawat Hussain, also adviser of the shipping ministry, mentioned the jute diversification as a very promising sector and urged the envoy to invest in this sector for mutual benefits, said a ministry press release.
He said that the present government had taken steps to introduce jute bags instead of polythene to prevent environmental pollution.
Production of ‘Sonali Bag’ from jute is on the way, he said, adding that the demand for eco-friendly jute and jute products was increasing both in the country and abroad.
Applauding the government’s initiative to stop the use of polythene to prevent environmental pollution, the Korean ambassador said that jute was environmentally friendly as a natural fibre.
Park Yong-sik expressed his country’s eagerness to cooperate in the development of Bangladesh’s jute sector.
Referring to the visit of a South Korean delegation to see investment opportunities and possibilities two years ago, he said that such efforts would continue in the future.
The ambassador also noted Bangladesh’s bright potential in the shipping industry.
The adviser also urged Korean investors to invest in the country’s ship industry, saying that more projects of the ministry were underway with South Korea.
Secretary of the ministry and officials concerned were present.
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[🇧🇩] Everything about the interim government and its actions
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 147 Replies
Protesters announce Yunus's name as chief adviser of interim govt
Staff Correspondent 06 August, 2024, 04:35
Professor Muhammad Yunus. | File photo
Protesters announced Professor Muhammad Yunus's name as the chief adviser of the interim government.
In a video statement issued on early Tuesday, they said that they had already talked to Yunus and he agreed with the decision of students and people.
'We will publish other proposed names of the members of the interim government in the morning,' Nahid Islam, one of the coordinators of the Student Movement Against Discrimination, said, adding that different conspiracies were underway to fail their movement.
Staff Correspondent 06 August, 2024, 04:35
Professor Muhammad Yunus. | File photo
Protesters announced Professor Muhammad Yunus's name as the chief adviser of the interim government.
In a video statement issued on early Tuesday, they said that they had already talked to Yunus and he agreed with the decision of students and people.
'We will publish other proposed names of the members of the interim government in the morning,' Nahid Islam, one of the coordinators of the Student Movement Against Discrimination, said, adding that different conspiracies were underway to fail their movement.
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[🇧🇩] India's Water Terrorism Against Bangladesh
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Strategic Affairs
- 176 Replies
Sharing of Ganges: Water What looms after 2026?
Farakka Barrage.
In 1976, a mass procession led by a nearly 80-year-old peasant leader, Maulana Bhasani, from Dhaka to the Indo-Bangladesh Border drew huge attention from national and international media. It demonstrated a profound sense of deprivation among the people of Bangladesh against the unilateral operation of the Farakka Barrage by India, which allegedly killed the Ganges River and unsettled the lives of millions of Bangladeshis living downstream of the Ganges.
The Farakka issue quickly became a perennial irritant in Indo-Bangladesh relations. An internationally renowned expert, R.R. Baxter, was hired to prepare a document assessing Bangladesh's claims. Based on this assessment, a White Paper was published, and the issue was raised by Bangladesh in the UN General Assembly in 1977. Consequently, a five-year temporary agreement was concluded; however, it soon faltered, followed by a weaker legal arrangement (MoU), which raised more controversy on both sides of the border.
I went to SOAS, University of London in 1994 with a Commonwealth Scholarship to pursue a PhD on the international legal aspects of this conflict. Based on a literature review, I found that there were examples of accommodating competing interests of the basin states of a shared river by observing the principles of international watercourse (or river) law. So, why had Bangladesh and India failed to do so, despite many years of protracted consultation and negotiations?
The withdrawal of water by India during the dry season results in the almost dried-up riverbed at the Hardinge Bridge. The photo was taken by Humayun Kabir Topu on February 18, 2024.
I tried to find answers to this question. In the absence of any "global codification" by intergovernmental bodies, the search for international law centered on applicable "customary rules." The International Law Commission rapporteur assigned to codify those rules on the utilization of shared rivers into a global convention had already agreed in 1994 on the existence of such customary rules. However, there were other versions as well; a notable one was the 1970s proceedings of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, comprising, among others, India, Pakistan, and later Bangladesh, which recorded its failure to agree on most of the drafts of customary rules placed for its consideration.
It therefore appeared doubtful whether the global customary rules of international watercourse law were "global" at all, or whether they, like some other branches of international law, were based almost entirely on European and American practice. For that reason, was their application in other areas, including in South Asia, still a debatable issue, and did this confusion have any impact on the resolution of the Ganges water dispute?
A closer look at the South Asian practice, however, reveals an encouraging picture. It shows that from an early period, most of the countries in this region recognized at least one applicable international law principle: the principle of equitable sharing or equitable utilization. Occasional references were also made to the principle of no harm, although it has implications that do not fully conform to the equitable principle.
For example, the equitable utilization principle provides for numerous factors of equity such as river condition, existing uses, dependent population, available alternatives, and the impact of the project, which can be used to assess whether the diversion by the Farakka Project was equitable or reasonable. However, this principle has not settled the hierarchy of those factors. Therefore, by selectively emphasizing those factors, arguments both for and against any planned measure such as the Farakka Project could be made.
On May 16, 1976, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani led a massive long march from Rajshahi towards India’s Farakka Barrage, demanding the demolition of the barrage constructed by the Indian government to divert the flow of Ganges water within its territory.
But in accordance with the no harm principle, it would be very difficult to support such a project considering its harmful impact on the downstream areas.
Interestingly, the relation between these two substantive principles has not been fully resolved even in the global codification of international watercourse law in 1997. The 1997 Watercourse Convention simply suggests resolving disputes based on both these principles and through compliance with a set of procedural obligations such as information sharing, consultation, and negotiation, etc.
However, there have been two important developments in the last few decades which, among other things, aim to place more emphasis on ensuring protection from potential harmful impacts of any planned measures on a shared river, specifically emphasizing the no-harm principle. The first is the emergence of the concept of treating an international watercourse as an indivisible natural resource, thus requiring a basin-wide approach for the utilization, development, and management of an international watercourse. The second is the growing legal recognition of the right of the river as a living entity, and therefore giving due regard to the environmental implications of the utilization of a watercourse. These require a much broader, holistic, and rational approach to dealing with international watercourses and provide wider opportunities for addressing the long-standing conflicts on the utilization of international watercourses.
With added optimism based on these developments, I recently embarked on updating my PhD (awarded in 1999) thesis. As the principles of comprehensive data sharing, integrated water resource management, and protection of the ecology of the watercourse continue to solidify, their importance in the renegotiation of the latest Ganges treaty of 1996, set to expire in 2026, has grown significantly.
The title of the thoroughly updated version of my PhD is "Sharing Ganges Water, Indo-Bangladesh Treaties, and International Law," and it was published (under my academic name Md. Nazrul Islam) in February 2023 by University Press Limited.
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin
This book has compared the experience of negotiation of the Ganges agreements to the contemporary development of international law to determine the extent to which the basin states of the Ganges were prepared to learn from the advances in international law. It has also attempted to understand whether the Ganges dispute reflected non-compliance or a narrow application of international law.
First, it assesses whether the information exchanged between India and Pakistan (predecessor of Bangladesh before the latter's liberation in 1971) during the early stage of the planning of the Farakka project was adequate to resolve the amount of water of the Ganges that constituted an equitable share for each country and the extent of the impact of the project. It should be mentioned that the irrigation and hydroelectric projects of the upper reaches of India and their impact on the availability of water to be shared between the Farakka project and Bangladesh at the downstream area were kept outside the purview of negotiations on the Ganges issue. What were its implications, and how did the international law developed at that time entertain this question?
Second, the later agreements, including the 1996 Ganges Treaty (between Bangladesh and India), were premised on this limited information sharing and made an allocation of the Ganges water at an extreme downstream point between the Farakka project and Bangladesh without provisions for exchanging information on the use of Ganges water in the vast upstream areas in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India. It was claimed that these arrangements were based on equity, fairness, and no harm. The crucial question raised in my book is, can the arrangement of sharing the 'residual' flow of a river (water left over after the unlimited upstream diversion) be made equitable or fair? Or ensure no harm to the downstream country? What were the rules of international law on such issues?
Third, in the case of the Ganges, the issue appeared more complex, since the river actually originated further upstream in Nepal. Can Nepal, therefore, be ignored in any sharing arrangement of the Ganges at its downstream point? How would it impact the sharing arrangement then? How different could it have been with the participation of Nepal?
If we examine the experience of implementing the Ganges agreements from 1977 to the present, it provides answers to many of these questions. The fact is that the Ganges negotiation began and continued on a faulty legal premise. It focused solely on the competing demands and uses in the downstream Ganges without linking these with the upstream uses of the river. The resulting agreements were unique in many respects. They were short-term or fixed-term, primarily centered around the Farakka project, and focused solely on the economic use of the Ganges, neglecting key environmental issues.
Cover of the book ‘Sharing Ganges Water’.
As a result, the agreements, including the long-term 1996 Treaty, have failed to fully achieve their goals of equity and no harm. The joint river commission assigned to monitor the implementation of the 1996 treaty meets irregularly, and the state parties have shown no interest in correcting its deficiencies. Regular complaints have been raised from both sides about the poor performance of the treaty.
Furthermore, negotiations on the sharing of other transboundary rivers (such as the Teesta) have not learned from the Ganges experience and have thus failed to produce any significant advancements. Most of these negotiations have followed the Ganges pattern, excluding other basin states, limiting data sharing and consultation to water availability at the tail end of the river, disregarding the need for maintenance of environmental flows, and failing to establish a powerful and autonomous river commission.
The 1996 Ganges treaty will expire in 2026. It also provided for conducting negotiations for sharing the water of other common rivers based on equity and no harm principles. Unless it is renewed, there will be no negotiated arrangement for Ganges water sharing or agreed basis for negotiations on other rivers in the post-2026 period.
A modified Ganges Treaty involving all of its basin states (Nepal, India, and Bangladesh) should be concluded before it expires in 2026. It is high time to learn the lessons of the past and thus reposition the course of future negotiations, taking due account of the recent developments in international law that inspire integrated basin-wide development of rivers.
Bangladesh and India (along with all the basin states of South Asia) should have a wider vision to understand that integrated, multilateral, and basin-wide water resource management would be a much better approach to accommodate the various needs of the basin states of any international river and to ensure its adequate protection. They need to understand that the equitable utilization or no-harm principles cannot be translated into reality without the equitable participation of all the basin states, comprehensive data sharing (including through participatory EIA) on all the actual and potential water uses, negotiated arrangements on that basis, continuous monitoring, and efficient conflict resolution mechanisms. In accomplishing these, they should respect and embrace the customary rules reflected in the 1997 Watercourse Convention and other relevant instruments. They should also consider the recent increasing focus on related environmental obligations, human rights aspects, and the need for an efficient institutional regime, as elaborated in the 1992 UNECE Watercourse Convention (global participation opened in 2015) and the 2004 ILA Berlin Rules, and as followed in some water-stressed regions in Asia and Africa such as the Mekong and Senegal basins.
As a vulnerable downstream region to nearly 54 rivers, Bangladesh, in particular, should take the lead by becoming a party to Watercourse Conventions. It should also demand the application of existing international environmental agreements like the 1992 Convention on Biodiversity and the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change, which contain corresponding provisions on the use of international watercourses. Bangladesh could thus influence other co-basin countries to realize that watercourses are precious natural resources that need to be utilized, developed, and managed through an efficient and comprehensive arrangement covering all the uses and involving all the stakeholder States. This realization is crucial for the long-term benefit of the region and the sustainability of the dependent ecosystems.
Dr Asif Nazrul is Professor and Chairman, Department of Law, University of Dhaka.
[🇮🇷] Iran news/views
- By Saif
- Iranian Defense Forum
- 31 Replies
Jailed Iranian Nobel winner denied medical care: UN
Agence France-Presse . Geneva 21 August, 2024, 22:27
Narges Mohammadi
UN experts on Tuesday accused Iran of denying jailed Nobel Peace Prize winner Narges Mohammadi proper healthcare, saying she reportedly suffered physical violence earlier this month.
Human rights activist Mohammadi, who won the 2023 Nobel for her campaigning, was hurt along with other female inmates in clashes that erupted at Tehran’s Evin prison, her family said earlier in August.
Mohammadi ‘was reportedly subjected to physical violence’ in Evin on August 6, during which she ‘allegedly lost consciousness, and sustained injuries to her ribcage and other parts of her body’, the experts said.
Iranian authorities acknowledged a confrontation took place but blamed Mohammadi for ‘provocation’ and denied any prisoners had been beaten.
Mohammadi, 52, has been jailed since November 2021 and has spent much of the past decade in and out of prison.
‘Our deep concerns about the physical and mental integrity of Narges Mohammadi have been communicated to the Iranian government,’ the UN experts said in a joint statement.
‘Once again we call on Iranian authorities to release her immediately and ensure her access to full medical care without delay, along with other detainees.’
They said that over the past eight months, Mohammadi had been suffering from acute back and knee pain, including a herniated spinal disc, according to medical specialists and scan examinations.
‘The denial of medical care appears to be used to punish and silence Mohammadi inside prison. These reports raise serious concerns regarding her right to health and physical well-being,’ the experts said.
The special rapporteurs are independent experts mandated by the UN Human Rights Council who do not speak on behalf of the United Nations.
They said there was a pattern of ill-treatment of detainees in Iran.
‘Such deprivations may amount to torture and inhuman treatment,’ they said.
The panel reiterated its ‘calls for the immediate release of human rights defenders and all other individuals in Iranian detention facilities who are currently being held arbitrarily’.
Mohammadi has kept campaigning behind bars and strongly supported the protests that erupted across Iran following the September 2022 death in custody of Mahsa Amini.
The 22-year-old Iranian Kurd had been arrested for an alleged breach of Iran’s strict dress rules for women.
Agence France-Presse . Geneva 21 August, 2024, 22:27
Narges Mohammadi
UN experts on Tuesday accused Iran of denying jailed Nobel Peace Prize winner Narges Mohammadi proper healthcare, saying she reportedly suffered physical violence earlier this month.
Human rights activist Mohammadi, who won the 2023 Nobel for her campaigning, was hurt along with other female inmates in clashes that erupted at Tehran’s Evin prison, her family said earlier in August.
Mohammadi ‘was reportedly subjected to physical violence’ in Evin on August 6, during which she ‘allegedly lost consciousness, and sustained injuries to her ribcage and other parts of her body’, the experts said.
Iranian authorities acknowledged a confrontation took place but blamed Mohammadi for ‘provocation’ and denied any prisoners had been beaten.
Mohammadi, 52, has been jailed since November 2021 and has spent much of the past decade in and out of prison.
‘Our deep concerns about the physical and mental integrity of Narges Mohammadi have been communicated to the Iranian government,’ the UN experts said in a joint statement.
‘Once again we call on Iranian authorities to release her immediately and ensure her access to full medical care without delay, along with other detainees.’
They said that over the past eight months, Mohammadi had been suffering from acute back and knee pain, including a herniated spinal disc, according to medical specialists and scan examinations.
‘The denial of medical care appears to be used to punish and silence Mohammadi inside prison. These reports raise serious concerns regarding her right to health and physical well-being,’ the experts said.
The special rapporteurs are independent experts mandated by the UN Human Rights Council who do not speak on behalf of the United Nations.
They said there was a pattern of ill-treatment of detainees in Iran.
‘Such deprivations may amount to torture and inhuman treatment,’ they said.
The panel reiterated its ‘calls for the immediate release of human rights defenders and all other individuals in Iranian detention facilities who are currently being held arbitrarily’.
Mohammadi has kept campaigning behind bars and strongly supported the protests that erupted across Iran following the September 2022 death in custody of Mahsa Amini.
The 22-year-old Iranian Kurd had been arrested for an alleged breach of Iran’s strict dress rules for women.
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World Mastermind behind right-wing Twitter account ‘Inevitable West’ exposed as Indian crypto scammer
- By Dogun18
- World Affairs
- 16 Replies
Mastermind behind right-wing Twitter account ‘Inevitable West’ exposed as Indian crypto scammer | The Express Tribune
Mastermind behind right-wing X, formerly Twitter, account ‘Inevitable West’ exposed as alleged Indian crypto scammer.
tribune.com.pk
The mastermind behind the right-wing X, formerly Twitter, account ‘Inevitable West’ has been exposed as an alleged Indian crypto scammer and political grifter following a major blunder.
Saurabh Chandrakar, linked to the controversial Mahadev betting app, mistakenly promoted the app on his main social media account, inadvertently leading to his identification. This error sparked online investigations, which uncovered his alleged involvement in a massive money-laundering operation connected to the app.
@Lulldapull @Bilal9 @Saif @Bagheera0084 @Jiangnan @Sharma Ji @Mrloveday @PoKeMon @Paitoo @steppeWolff
According to Indian news outlets, Chandrakar, a prominent figure behind the Mahadev betting app, is currently under house arrest in Dubai after being detained following an Interpol-issued Red Notice. The Enforcement Directorate (ED) in India is actively seeking his extradition to face charges related to money laundering, with estimates suggesting the illicit proceeds could amount to ₹6,000 crore (approximately $680 million). His case has become more complex as it is allegedly linked to several high-ranking politicians and bureaucrats in Chhattisgarh. So far, 11 individuals have been arrested, and two charge sheets have been filed.
The Mahadev app has become a focal point of controversy, drawing attention to Chandrakar’s background. Reports suggest that he, along with business partner Ravi Uppal, allegedly ran the app as part of a larger scheme that defrauded thousands of people. The scale of the operation has raised further questions, particularly after reports surfaced of Chandrakar hosting a lavish wedding in Dubai.
In addition to his business dealings, Chandrakar gained notoriety on social media under the pseudonym ‘Inevitable West,’ where his account quickly gained traction. X users noticed a rapid surge in followers, with some speculating that his posts were picked up by high-profile individuals, including Elon Musk, which allegedly contributed to his skyrocketing popularity.
Despite the growing backlash and allegations, ‘@Inevitablewest’ has continued to post right-wing content on X, reportedly blocking users who criticized the account or connected it to the Mahadev app scam.
As of writing this article, the account boasts over 200,000 followers but it has yet to address any of the ongoing allegations.
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[🇧🇩] Everything about our constitution
- By Saif
- Bangladesh Defense Forum
- 42 Replies
HC questions 15th amendment that scrapped caretaker govt system
Staff Correspondent 19 August, 2024, 13:05
The High Court on Monday asked the government to explain in 10 days why the 15th amendment to the constitution, scrapping the caretaker government system in 2011, would not be declared illegal.
The court also asked the government to explain why all the government’s actions taken on the basis of the 15th amendment would not be declared illegal.
The court asked the secretaries of the law ministry and Jatiya Sangsad’s secretariat to explain the rule in 10 days.
The bench of Justice Naima Haider and Justice Sashanka Shekhar Sarkar issued the rule after hearing a writ petition filed on Sunday by five eminent citizens challenging the legality of the amendment made by the government of deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina.
The citizens are Sushashoner Jonno Nagorik president M Hafizuddin Khan, its secretary Badiul Alam Majumder, local government expert Tofail Ahmed, and two individuals, Md Jobirul Hoque and Zahrah Rahman.
The court heard attorney general Md Asaduzzaman before issuing the rule.
The citizens’ lawyer, Sharif Bhuiyan, argued that the parliament scrapped the national election-time non-governmental caretaker system through the 15th amendment in violation of the Appellate Division’s May 10, 2011, short order that observed that the elections of the 10th and 11th parliaments could be held under the caretaker government system.
The lawyer argued that the caretaker government system was abolished on the recommendations of deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina, although a 15-member special parliamentary committee and all civil citizens opined for the retention of the caretaker government system.
As the 15th amendment was unconstitutional, the incorporation of new Articles 7A and 7B into the constitution was illegal, he argued.
Article 7A. (1) says, ‘If any person, by show of force or use of force or by any other un-constitutional means-
(a) abrogates, repeals or suspends or attempts or conspires to abrogate, repeal or suspend this Constitution or any of its article ; or
(b) subverts or attempts or conspires to subvert the confidence, belief or reliance of the citizens to this Constitution or any of its article, his such act shall be sedition and such person shall be guilty of sedition.
(2) If any person,
(a) abets or instigates any act mentioned in clause (1); or (b) approves, condones, supports or ratifies such act, his such act shall also be the same offence.
(3) Any person alleged to have committed the offence mentioned in this article shall be sentenced with the highest punishment prescribed for other offences by the existing laws.
On Sunday, Supreme Court lawyer Muzahidul Islam filed a case against former chief justice ABM Khairul Haque for illegally changing the verdict on the caretaker government provision.
Staff Correspondent 19 August, 2024, 13:05
The High Court on Monday asked the government to explain in 10 days why the 15th amendment to the constitution, scrapping the caretaker government system in 2011, would not be declared illegal.
The court also asked the government to explain why all the government’s actions taken on the basis of the 15th amendment would not be declared illegal.
The court asked the secretaries of the law ministry and Jatiya Sangsad’s secretariat to explain the rule in 10 days.
The bench of Justice Naima Haider and Justice Sashanka Shekhar Sarkar issued the rule after hearing a writ petition filed on Sunday by five eminent citizens challenging the legality of the amendment made by the government of deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina.
The citizens are Sushashoner Jonno Nagorik president M Hafizuddin Khan, its secretary Badiul Alam Majumder, local government expert Tofail Ahmed, and two individuals, Md Jobirul Hoque and Zahrah Rahman.
The court heard attorney general Md Asaduzzaman before issuing the rule.
The citizens’ lawyer, Sharif Bhuiyan, argued that the parliament scrapped the national election-time non-governmental caretaker system through the 15th amendment in violation of the Appellate Division’s May 10, 2011, short order that observed that the elections of the 10th and 11th parliaments could be held under the caretaker government system.
The lawyer argued that the caretaker government system was abolished on the recommendations of deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina, although a 15-member special parliamentary committee and all civil citizens opined for the retention of the caretaker government system.
As the 15th amendment was unconstitutional, the incorporation of new Articles 7A and 7B into the constitution was illegal, he argued.
Article 7A. (1) says, ‘If any person, by show of force or use of force or by any other un-constitutional means-
(a) abrogates, repeals or suspends or attempts or conspires to abrogate, repeal or suspend this Constitution or any of its article ; or
(b) subverts or attempts or conspires to subvert the confidence, belief or reliance of the citizens to this Constitution or any of its article, his such act shall be sedition and such person shall be guilty of sedition.
(2) If any person,
(a) abets or instigates any act mentioned in clause (1); or (b) approves, condones, supports or ratifies such act, his such act shall also be the same offence.
(3) Any person alleged to have committed the offence mentioned in this article shall be sentenced with the highest punishment prescribed for other offences by the existing laws.
On Sunday, Supreme Court lawyer Muzahidul Islam filed a case against former chief justice ABM Khairul Haque for illegally changing the verdict on the caretaker government provision.
The lawyer in the case alleged that Khairul, in his written verdict on September 16, 2012, after his retirement, changed the original verdict, stating that the caretaker government could only be formed with elected lawmakers.
The case said that Justice Khairul, in the changed verdict, also observed that the parliament would be dissolved 42 days before the national election and a small cabinet might be formed to carry out routine work until a new cabinet assumed office.
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