[🇧🇩] ICT Industry in Bangladesh

[Saif]

Quantum computing revolution: Is Bangladesh preparing to seize the future?

In Bangladesh, efforts to address the quantum threat are underway, albeit in a scattered manner. However, compared to neighbouring countries like India and China, these efforts remain minimal. To effectively prepare for the quantum revolution, strong government initiatives are imperative.

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Quantum computing revolution: Is Bangladesh preparing to seize the future?
Ashim Chakraborty
Published: 10 Sep 2024, 17: 16

In the realm of technological innovation, the emergence of quantum computing stands as a beacon of unprecedented potential. Much like the race to harness atomic energy during World War II, today's global powers are engaged in a race to unlock the full capabilities of quantum technology. At the forefront of this pursuit are the United States, Europe, and China, each vying for supremacy in a landscape defined by the principles of quantum mechanics.

Quantum computing, a field rooted in the enigmatic properties of quantum physics, represents a paradigm shift in computational power. Unlike classical computers that rely on binary bits, which can only exist in states of 0 or 1, quantum computers utilise quantum bits, or qubits. These qubits possess the remarkable ability of superposition, enabling them to exist in multiple states simultaneously. This fundamental distinction allows quantum computers to explore a vast array of possibilities in parallel, offering unprecedented speed and efficiency in problem-solving.

At the heart of the quantum revolution lies a series of key differentiators between traditional and quantum computing. Firstly, while classical computers operate on binary logic gates, quantum computers utilise quantum gates to manipulate qubits and exploit their quantum states. This unique approach to computation enables quantum algorithms, such as Shor's and Grover's algorithms, to solve certain problems exponentially faster than their classical counterparts.

Moreover, the phenomenon of quantum parallelism empowers quantum computers to explore multiple solutions simultaneously, making them particularly adept at solving optimisation problems and simulating complex quantum systems. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and the rise of quantum computing also presents a formidable challenge: the quantum threat.

The quantum threat looms large on the horizon, posing significant risks to cybersecurity and data protection. As quantum computers continue to advance, their ability to crack encryption algorithms could render many existing cryptographic methods obsolete. The potential ramifications are far-reaching, with sensitive data, critical infrastructure, and national security at stake. According to experts, the timeline for quantum computers to break public key cryptography is alarming, with forecasts suggesting it could occur within the next 15 years.

In response to this imminent threat, organisations must proactively prepare for the era of quantum computing. Initiatives such as NIST's development of quantum-safe encryption methods signal a concerted effort to stay ahead of the curve. Additionally, President Biden's endorsement of post-quantum cryptography underscores the urgency for government agencies to fortify their cybersecurity infrastructure.

Businesses and governments must act urgently to bridge the gap between perception and reality, ensuring that they are adequately equipped to navigate the complexities of the quantum age and safeguard against potential security risks.

While the quantum threat poses significant challenges, it also presents opportunities for innovation and collaboration. By embracing quantum-safe encryption methods and cultivating agile cybersecurity practices, organisations can mitigate risks and safeguard sensitive data. Moreover, as quantum technology continues to mature, it holds the potential to revolutionise various sectors, including finance, healthcare, and defense. Countries like Bangladesh also can have a huge benefit out of it especially in agriculture and healthcare industries.

In the face of this rapidly evolving landscape, global investment in quantum computing has surged, with companies and governments alike recognising its transformative potential. From Fortune 500 corporations to emerging startups, stakeholders are racing to capitalise on the promise of quantum technology. However, amidst this frenzy of activity, it is essential not to overlook the ethical and legal implications of quantum computing.

In Bangladesh, efforts to address the quantum threat are underway, albeit in a scattered manner. However, compared to neighbouring countries like India and China, these efforts remain minimal. To effectively prepare for the quantum revolution, strong government initiatives are imperative.

Therefore, substantial investment in research and development, fostering partnerships with industry leaders, and prioritising cybersecurity initiatives are essential steps for governments to take. Additionally, universities should consider incorporating courses on quantum computing and cryptography into their curricula to ensure a skilled workforce capable of navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by quantum technology.

In conclusion, the quantum computing revolution presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges. Businesses and governments must act urgently to bridge the gap between perception and reality, ensuring that they are adequately equipped to navigate the complexities of the quantum age and safeguard against potential security risks. The time to prepare for the quantum future is now.

* Dr. Ashim Chakraborty, senior lecturer and researcher in AI and computing at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK​

 

[Saif]

Bangladesh IT sector shows promising growth: report

Bangladesh has shown promising growth in its information technology (IT) sector, especially in software development and IT-enabled services, said a global report on...

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Bangladesh IT sector shows promising growth: report
Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha . Geneva 13 September, 2024, 22:16

Bangladesh has shown promising growth in its information technology (IT) sector, especially in software development and IT-enabled services, said a global report on ‘Digital Trade for Development’.

Prepared by the staff of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), The World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO), the report shows that the adoption of e-commerce in Bangladesh, especially business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce in the readymade garments industry, presents an opportunity for the trade development of developing economies.

As per the report, digital technologies have the potential to enhance e-commerce in least developed countries (LDCs) by connecting remote economies to global markets.

To enable more inclusive outcomes from digitalisation, it is important to enable economies trailing behind in terms of digital readiness to catch up.

By addressing challenges in transport and connectivity infrastructure, enhancing digital skills and strengthening regulatory frameworks, LDCs would become better positioned to tap into the vast network of e-commerce, expanding their market reach and increasing economic growth.

It, however, mentions that export opportunities for digitally delivered products could be better harnessed by economies traditionally at the margins of global trade.

Although distance remains a significant factor in overall trade costs, digital technologies reduce the relative importance of some factors of comparative advantage, such as geographical distance from markets and the quality of transport infrastructure.

Trade in digitally delivered products, such as e-books, music and computer software, can thrive with improved internet access, an enabling regulatory environment and digital payment infrastructure.

According to the report, certain traditional factors of comparative advantage in trade may become less significant in the digital realm.

While capital investments and labour costs remain relevant for digital trade, their importance (at least for certain types of skills) is somewhat diminished compared to offline trade.

The report informs that some economies are more prepared to seize opportunities and take on challenges associated with digital trade, highlighting the importance of digital infrastructure and skills.

In general, to engage in and benefit from digital trade, consumers and businesses must have access to fast, affordable and reliable digital infrastructure as well as the skills and capabilities to use digital technologies for productive activities.

High tariffs on imports of information and communication technology (ICT) equipment, restrictions on imports of enabling services and limited competition in telecommunications services can reduce affordability and slow down the adoption of these technologies.​

 

[Saif]

Looking into ICT division projects

Soon after coming into office, the interim government had made its intention to look into the development works undertaken by the previous administration clear. That there would be stocktaking across the board was expected and the present government has already formed various committees to look int

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Looking into ICT division projects
Published :
Sep 14, 2024 22:37
Updated :
Sep 14, 2024 22:37

Soon after coming into office, the interim government had made its intention to look into the development works undertaken by the previous administration clear. That there would be stocktaking across the board was expected and the present government has already formed various committees to look into projects belonging to different ministries and departments. In line with that decision, a committee has been formed to examine the Information & Communication Technology (ICT) programmes the erstwhile government had taken up under the aegis of 'Digital Bangladesh'. Over the years, domestic media has exposed various irregularities in ICT division. The same can be said of the various think tanks (both domestic and international) and policy critiques who have highlighted wrongdoings by this division and its subsidiaries over the course of the past 15 years. Since billions of Taka have been spent from the national exchequer in the name of "development" in the digital sphere, the formation of the committee is a welcome piece of news.

According to a report published in this paper last week, "The committee has already held its first meeting, which was attended by representatives from various key organisations, including the Hi-Tech Park Authority, a2i Project, and the Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC). However, representatives from the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Department (IMED) and the Central Procurement Technical Unit (CPTU), responsible for evaluating government procurement, were absent, as their respective officials are yet to be selected."

The mandate of this committee is straightforward. It will investigate potential instances of corruption and then the authorities will decide where to go from there. The committee's formation is also a departure from the past. There is a technical expert who is a member and one who can assess precisely what progress (or lack thereof) has been made in the 22 ongoing ICT projects running under the FY 2024-25. There have been questions about the manner in which public procurement was done, whether rules were adhered to in concluding public-private partnerships (PPP), reservations expressed on the quality of audits on completed projects, etc.

One major criticism had been the manner in which the construction of hi-tech parks around Bangladesh was done. Serious concerns had been expressed about the manner of site selection and about whether proper feasibility studies had been conducted prior to their construction. Ultimately, some were finished, but only a fraction of envisaged companies moved there. The idea of an "ICT hub" replete with infrastructure and digital services was questioned. Sadly, many things were totally left out of the equation. People expect a certain level of quality of living in terms of schooling for children, entertainment, ease of access (communication) and since these were not priority areas, these projects didn't achieve their primary goals - to become centers of attraction for foreign direct investment (FDI). Even many local companies didn't bother to relocate.

Similarly, there was much consternation about the way consultants were hired to spearhead the ICT division. Again, the question of procedural irregularities had been raised which were ignored by then-government. Indeed, this division had been the den of irregularities but one that got very large allocations of public money in every single budget since 2010. Although the committee has not set any timeline, yet is expected to work swiftly and efficiently in the national interest. Hence, it is all the more crucial that the committee go through the books minutely to uncover all financial and procedural irregularities. Unnecessary projects need to be shelved, corruption-riddled projects need to be identified and those responsible be held accountable. Ultimately, the ICT division has to be turned into a body where accountability and transparency in budgeting and operation is ensured.​

 

[Saif]

Beyond 'digital' and 'smart': Defining Bangladesh's ICT brand

Countries that prioritise Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have each chosen distinct positions for themselves.

www.thedailystar.net

Beyond 'digital' and 'smart': Defining Bangladesh's ICT brand

Visual: Fatima Jahan Ena

In today's world, countries that prioritise Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have each chosen distinct positions for themselves. This positioning might be as innovators, manufacturers, providers of affordable labour, or champions of quality and luxury. These choices are not just about economic strategy; they shape the very identity of a nation in the global market.

Take China, for instance. Historically, it was known for making products "cheaper and better." Now, the country is shifting toward "affordable innovation," reflecting a maturing economy that still values cost-effectiveness but is also pushing the boundaries of technological advancement. Scandinavian countries, on the other hand, have positioned themselves as "inclusive talent hubs," inviting thousands of entrepreneurs from across the globe to work within their borders. Estonia's e-residency program is a prime example, allowing anyone in the world to establish and manage an EU-based company entirely online. Singapore's tech scene is driven by a philosophy of "if you make it, we are interested in it," staying alert to new ideas and ensuring they are available within and from Singapore. The US extends its age-old national motto, the "land of opportunity," to its tech sector, offering endless possibilities for innovation and growth. Japan is synonymous with "superior quality," German engineering stands for "robustness," and Switzerland epitomises "luxury."

Each of these countries tells a different story; each has a unique brand. Some have consciously chosen their angle, while for others, it has evolved organically. But every nation with a stake in ICT has a brand—except, perhaps, Bangladesh.

When the last government came to power, it sought to align itself with the global wave of technological advancement. Part of this was driven by a desire to create a new thrust sector, while part was motivated by the worldwide surge in technological innovation. In 2008, the then-Prime Minister coined the term "Digital Bangladesh." At its core, the philosophy aimed to ensure democracy, human rights, transparency, accountability, justice, and the efficient delivery of government services through the extensive use of technology.

In 2022, the government introduced the concept of "Smart Bangladesh." This time, the focus was on building a SMART country by 2041, with an emphasis on smart citizens, a smart economy, smart governance, and a smart society. However, from a neutral, apolitical perspective, both terms, though catchy, were somewhat ambiguous and did little to establish a clear national brand.

"Digital Bangladesh" and "Smart Bangladesh" did see some success. Access to the internet increased significantly, and the digital divide between metro areas, cities, and townships narrowed. Events like Digital World, SoftExpo, and SmartPhone Expo became regular occurrences, showcasing the industry's potential and progress. During this period, Bangladesh also saw a remarkable rise in freelancers. With over 10 lakh freelancers, the gig economy positively impacted self-employment, remittances, and overall economic empowerment. The start-up ecosystem flourished, entrepreneurship gained momentum, and venture capital became more accessible to young entrepreneurs.

While these initiatives contributed to some fragmented progress, they fell short of creating a clear and precise national brand. The "Smart Bangladesh" roadmap, in particular, was notably vague. The Smart Bangladesh Masterplan, available online, outlined a focus on artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, blockchain, nanotechnology, 3D printing, and other futuristic innovations. However, there was a clear disconnect between ambition and action. Most initiatives were centred around building infrastructure, whether civil constructions or technological. These expensive projects were not backed by any precise plan. For instance, Sheikh Hasina Software Technology Park in Jessore is a high-end, expensive, and lavish establishment aimed at attracting foreign direct investment in software development and supporting local programmers; unfortunately, the goals never materialized.

Similar stories transpired for other software parks in Chattogram, Kaliakoir, Rajshahi, and beyond. The government declared 40 mega projects, aiming to increase the ICT sector's share of the national economy to at least 20 percent by 2041. Unfortunately, none of these initiatives managed to attract a notable volume of foreign investment.

Despite the attention garnered by "Digital Bangladesh" and "Smart Bangladesh," neither concept effectively communicated a coherent and purposeful brand for Bangladesh to the outside world.

Several glaring questions remain unanswered: what message do we want the world to hear? Do we want to position ourselves as a hub of trained human resources? Are we aiming to become a manufacturing powerhouse? Should we focus on innovation, bolstering our R&D capabilities? Or are we looking to build a long-term strategy around research and the accumulation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)?

Frankly speaking, to this date, our ICT sector doesn't seem to know where it should be heading. We are not an investable brand, so the obvious question is, where do we go from here?

The answer is simple—onward and forward! We must move past the years of fruitless efforts and begin shaping our industry right away. This time, we need a clear focus and purpose.

To begin with, we need to stop investing in expensive infrastructure projects that almost never achieve their intended results. We need to democratise innovation on all fronts. Separate funds should be allocated to public and private universities for research and innovation. Researchers, students, and entrepreneurs should be able to manage seed funding from their respective universities. The IPs generated using these funds should be shared by innovators and the universities; this way, universities would also have an incentive to promote and support new ideas and inventions.

Bangladesh must focus on ground-breaking innovations, cheaper and better than others. It's not just about doing the same thing that China does at a lower cost, but we should focus on making things that China and other competitive countries cannot make. Reduced costs will give us a competitive edge, helping us stay ahead of others, but they will also allow us to penetrate high-potential markets that remain unexplored due to their limited purchasing power, such as Africa, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe.

Generating original intellectual properties (IP) is a critical element. Moving forward, we can generate revenue through leasing our IPs, ensuring long-term sustainability and profitability for all stakeholders. Drawing interest from foreign investors will depend on many factors, but stability and continued innovation will play a significant role in attracting foreign funds to Bangladesh. Instead of blindly following mature and advanced companies, investment should be encouraged in early-stage start-ups, both by the government and private venture funds.

There is a heightened national spirit in every walk of life. Citizens and policymakers are actively investigating and introspecting. The time for transformation in the technology and ICT sector is now; it's a golden opportunity, one we never had before. It won't be easy, but with relentless pursuit of cost-effective innovation, we may be able to build a name, perhaps even a brand for ourselves—"Bangladesh, the leader in frugal innovation."

Sinha Ibna Humayun works in technology marketing and is a tech enthusiast.​

 

[Saif]

How to fix the legacy of internet shutdowns in Bangladesh

Given that fundamental rights are the default and restrictions are exceptions, internet shutdowns are, by nature, unlawful.

www.thedailystar.net

How to fix the legacy of internet shutdowns in Bangladesh

FILE VISUAL: EHSANUR RAZA RONNY

Bangladesh endured a series of unprecedented state-sanctioned internet shutdowns during the month-long student protests, starting with restrictions on social media, messaging services, and mobile internet, and culminating in a near-total blackout that lasted five days. Although connectivity was temporarily restored, the final shutdown coincided with former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's resignation and departure on August 5.

A recent investigation under the interim government revealed that two government agencies, the National Telecommunication Monitoring Centre (NTMC) and the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC), issued shutdown orders during student protests, under the direction of former state minister Zunaid Ahmed Palak, without any judicial or administrative approval. These top-down measures by the government to disconnect the internet is not new; the state has resorted to this brute force method of internet control on numerous occasions since 2009, with shutdowns occurring almost annually since 2015.

For over a decade, the UN Human Rights Council has condemned internet shutdowns and urged national governments to refrain from impeding internet access, reiterating that internet access is a human right and imploring governments to align domestic policies with international obligations on online freedom of expression. Although the Bangladesh Constitution does not explicitly mention internet access as a fundamental right, the constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression can be interpreted as conferring a right to uninterrupted internet access as essential for exercising this freedom.

Yet, over the last fifteen years, this extra-legal measure has been a favoured tactic of the former government to consolidate power, contain civil unrest and dissents, censor information, and isolate the country from the global community.

It is critical to understand the systemic legitimacy of shutdowns in Bangladesh. Under Bangladesh's Constitution, reasonable restrictions on freedom of expression may be imposed on certain grounds, inadvertently giving authorities the latitude to interpret the constitutional provisions to enforce internet shutdowns if necessary, for instance, for state security, public order, or public morality. Moreover, the broadly defined provisions of section 97 of the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulation Act, 2001, coupled with vague and expansive licensing conditions, confers excessive discretion to authorities. This discretion has been abused to arbitrarily compel operators to restrict access, even though neither the regulatory agencies nor the overseeing ministries have a clear legal mandate to order such shutdowns.

Additionally, section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 grants authorities sweeping powers to issue internet shutdown orders based on subjective assessments of potential threats to public order. On a systemic level, the structuring of telecommunications infrastructure at the network access level—where operators are required by licensing conditions to maintain connections with and provide data access to intelligence services like the NTMC under strict conditions of secrecy—enables state agencies to monitor, intercept, and restrict internet traffic, bypassing procedural and legal safeguards, contributing to a pervasive lack of transparency and accountability.

Constitutional principles demand that laws affecting individual freedoms be reasonably certain and predictable. Where discretionary powers are conferred upon state actors, they must be exercised within predefined limits and in a manner that is fair, reasonable, predictable, non-capricious, non-discriminatory, and non-arbitrary. It is clear that these principles were not adhered to by the former government or the agencies directing the shutdowns.

Addressing the issue of internet shutdowns and responding to national and international calls for their outright ban requires a significant and time-consuming policy overhaul. However, the entrenched nature of existing practices, coupled with a lack of immediate political will and the need for consultation and consensus-building among stakeholders, makes achieving these reforms challenging in the short term. A poorly conceived framework could result in future governments enforcing shutdowns, either through statutory amendments, or invocation of constitutional allowances, effectively bypassing the ban.

It would be remiss to overlook the complicity of other stakeholders, including civil society, courts, regulatory agencies, and the telecommunication operators Assessing their roles is paramount not only due to the unconstitutional nature of shutdown orders but also to put into perspective the human cost and economic setbacks that resulted from the wilful blindness.

Both the High Court Division and the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh have the authority to assess constitutionality of laws and administrative actions, and, historically, have been proactive in legal reforms through suo motu rulings, extraordinary jurisdictions, guidelines, and seminal decisions. Yet there has been no judicial intervention against a repressive measure like an internet shutdown that repeatedly violated fundamental rights.

Government instrumentalisation of the BTRC, an independent statutory agency, to enforce shutdown orders were often verbally communicated to the operators, with no paper trail, allowing plausible deniability. In absence of explicit authority over shutdown decisions, the BTRC relied on ambiguous statutory provisions and licensing conditions.

Further compounding the issue is the authorities' denial of involvement in internet shutdowns, exposing operators to legal risks under section 67 of the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulation Act, 2001, which criminalises unlawful obstructions to telecommunication and internet services. Considered thus, operators could have refused compliance and challenged legality of shutdown orders. It triggers the question on why the operators, especially subsidiaries of multinational corporations that are subject to international standards and scrutiny—collectively servicing around 96 percent of the country's mobile connections—maintained over-compliance with unlawful orders for over a decade.

Similarly, civil society organisations could have contested the legality of the restrictions under Article 102 of the constitution for infringing fundamental rights, particularly freedom of expression and right to equality and equal protection of law. Despite regular public interest litigations, no constitutional lawsuit has addressed these shutdowns till date.

The interim government has the opportunity to correct the course, and establish a forward-looking and future-proof legal framework to prevent internet shutdowns.

Both in principle and in practice, internet shutdowns should be de facto unlawful and unacceptable. A wholesale internet blackout has historically been used to impose collective punishment, censor speech and information, or suppress legitimate political protests. These measures have disproportionately impacted underrepresented communities, small businesses, and created an information vacuum.

While an outright ban on internet shutdowns would be the ideal solution, the necessary constitutional and legislative reforms makes it unlikely for an outright ban to be effectively implemented in the short term, and risks being overturned by future political regimes.

Considering the constraint of rule-making powers of the interim government, either a presidential ordinance or secondary legislation under the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulation Act, 2001 could provide a viable path forward.

Consistent with the recommendations by the UN Human Rights Council and Bangladesh's Constitution, and in absence of a systemic overhaul, a primary or secondary legislation addressing disabling or throttling of internet connection and online services should consider the following normative standards and procedural safeguards: i) the law should define measures constituting internet shutdowns and specifically prohibit such measures, unless the conditions of the statute are met; ii) the law should explicitly give a specific state agency the power to enforce shutdown, with clear guidelines and standards to prevent misuse of that power; iii) any restrictions must be necessary to achieve the goals listed in Article 39(2) of the constitution; iv) a restriction must be reasonable and the least invasive method possible, and adequately reasoned. Orders should be as narrow as possible in terms of how long they last, the areas they cover, and the services they affect; v) decisions should be well-documented, with clear reasons provided. Those affected, including individuals and operators, should be informed in advance, with an explanation of the legal reasons and details of the shutdown's scope and duration; vi) all information about the decisions should be published according to the Right to Information Act, 2009 and other legal requirements; vii) the actions should be approved in advance by a court or an independent body to prevent political, commercial and other improper influence; vii) there should be timely ways for those affected to challenge the actions in court or through other means, even after the shutdown ends, and hold the state apparatuses accountable.

Considering the extensive use of shutdowns during the recent student protests and probable arguments around necessity to prevent violence, it may be prudent to seek an advisory opinion of the apex court on the legality of shutdown orders. This could provide critical insights into structuring an enactment that ensures a rights-respecting and principled legal framework. Albeit a less preferable option, the writ jurisdiction of the High Court Division could also be invoked to achieve the same outcome.

Given that fundamental rights are the default and restrictions are exceptions, internet shutdowns are, by nature, unlawful. Even in scenarios where shutdowns may be warranted, it should be temporary and targeted, and the measures must meet these stringent legal standards, ensuring adherence to established rights-respecting frameworks.

Shahzeb Mahmood is the Head of Legal and Policy Research at Tech Global Institute.​

 

[Saif]

Why Bangladesh’s mobile data slower than Myanmar’s

Bangladesh has one of the slowest mobile data speeds in the region, lower than neighbouring Myanmar, with prices higher than neighbouring India and Pakistan or even developed nations like Italy and France.

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Why Bangladesh’s mobile data slower than Myanmar’s

Bangladesh has one of the slowest mobile data speeds in the region, lower than neighbouring Myanmar, with prices higher than neighbouring India and Pakistan or even developed nations like Italy and France.

So why has the "Digital Bangladesh" initiative not yet delivered on its promises? Why is a country with so much potential lagging behind? In this article, we will analyse the root causes of these issues.

Digital struggles due to corruption: Corruption and inefficiency have derailed the Digital Bangladesh Vision, and if left unaddressed, they will continue to delay the country's progress in the digital era. Mismanagement of funds intended for crucial infrastructure projects and not efficient utilisation of SOF funds has stalled the growth of a true digital ecosystem, leaving Bangladesh behind in the digital race.

Imbalance in the internet value chain: Mobile network operators in the country do not own key layers of the internet value chain, such as submarine cables, international terrestrial cables, access to international internet gateways, the national telecommunications transmission network and towercos.

These critical layers are controlled by other entities. This imbalance in ownership adds costs and limits competition, further driving up data prices for consumers and restricting innovation.

Low tower fiberisation: Another key issue is that only 20 percent of the mobile towers are connected to fibre. Both 4G and 5G networks require a robust and well-developed fibre infrastructure to deliver high-speed data. Without significant fibre network expansion, the country will continue to struggle to provide reliable mobile data services.

Tower infrastructure challenges and impact on mobile service: The mobile phone industry faces significant challenges due to delays and inefficiencies in the installation of new towers. Slow site acquisition processes, legal disputes and bureaucratic hurdles have severely limited the rollout of essential infrastructure. The lack of proper tower coverage directly impacts data speeds and service reliability, further exacerbating the country's already slow mobile internet speeds.

DWDM technology barriers by BTRC: The BTRC has not permitted the use of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology by mobile operators. DWDM allows multiple data streams to travel over the same fibre, increasing the efficiency and capacity of their existing networks. By not allowing mobile operators to adopt DWDM technology, the BTRC is creating an additional bottleneck in the country's digital infrastructure development.

Smartphone adoption and regulatory challenges: The slow pace of smartphone adoption remains a significant barrier to achieving Bangladesh's digital ambitions and a successful 5G rollout. To accelerate adoption, the BTRC should introduce regulations for network-locked handsets and offer accessible financing options.

Active infrastructure sharing: One solution to the infrastructure gap is active infrastructure sharing. This would allow telecom operators to share network components such as radio access network equipment and fibre backbones, reducing the costs of building individual networks and speeding up deployment.

The BTRC's eroded independence and political influence: Since a 2010 amendment, the BTRC has lost much of its regulatory independence. This shift, coupled with political interference and external pressures, has created an uneven playing field, favouring certain stakeholders and hindering industry growth. Restoring the BTRC's autonomy and removing political influences are essential for fair regulation and fostering competition in the telecom sector.

High data prices and slow internet speeds do not just inconvenience consumers, they limit access to education, hinder business and block opportunities in the global digital economy. By addressing these challenges, Bangladesh can improve its mobile data speeds and reduce costs, ensuring that its digital future is accessible to all. It is time for both the government and telecom regulator to step up, reduce inefficiencies, and work together to deliver fast and affordable mobile internet for all. Only then will Bangladesh truly embrace its bright future.

The author is a telecom policy analyst​

 

[Saif]

Bangladesh moves two notches up in broadband internet speed index

Bangladesh has made significant strides in its broadband internet speed, moving up two spots in the global rankings. The country rose from the 101st position in July to the 99th position in August, according to the Speedtest Global Index published by Ookla. There has also been a minor improvement

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Bangladesh moves two notches up in broadband internet speed index
FE Online Desk
Published :
Sep 23, 2024 22:59
Updated :
Sep 23, 2024 23:07

Bangladesh has made significant strides in its broadband internet speed, moving up two spots in the global rankings.

The country rose from the 101st position in July to the 99th position in August, according to the Speedtest Global Index published by Ookla.

There has also been a minor improvement in mobile internet speeds. However, this has not resulted in a change in the ranking.

Bangladesh retained its 89th place in the mobile internet speed index in August, the same as in July.​

 

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‘Cybersecurity as vital as border security’: ICT Adviser Nahid

Cybersecurity must be prioritized at the same level as border security, emphasized Md. Nahid Islam, Adviser to the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. During a meeting with officials from the Bangladesh Computer Council

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

‘Cybersecurity as vital as border security’: ICT Adviser Nahid
UNB
Published :
Sep 23, 2024 20:32
Updated :
Sep 23, 2024 20:32

Cybersecurity must be prioritized at the same level as border security, emphasized Md. Nahid Islam, Adviser to the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. During a meeting with officials from the Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC), he stressed the urgent need to strengthen the country’s data centers to protect its critical digital infrastructure.

Speaking at the ICT Tower in Dhaka, Nahid Islam remarked, “Our digital infrastructure is as vital as our physical borders. The BCC must enhance its data centers’ capabilities to safeguard the nation’s cybersecurity.”

The meeting opened with a briefing on the ongoing activities of the BCC, which plays a crucial role in managing the country’s IT infrastructure and cybersecurity initiatives.

The adviser also underlined the government’s commitment to rooting out corruption. “Our primary goal is to build a corruption-free Bangladesh,” he said, urging BCC officials to remain committed to their work with integrity, following the council’s policies and principles. He called for dedication in ensuring transparency and accountability within the organization.

Addressing recent concerns, BCC officials informed the adviser that multiple committees had been formed to investigate various complaints within the organization. As part of these efforts, two officers have been placed on mandatory leave, and a technical committee has been set up to review all ongoing projects under the division. However, officials highlighted the challenges involved in project approvals, particularly in navigating complex regulatory requirements.

The adviser emphasized the importance of these investigation committees’ transparency and urged swift action against those responsible for any misconduct.

Present at the meeting were ICT Division Secretary Shish Haider Chowdhury and other senior officials of the Bangladesh Computer Council.​

 

[Saif]

Digitalisation: Billions spent yet Bangladesh lags behind in indices

According to sector insiders, there are a significant number of projects that yielded little benefit. Different infrastructures were built with ‘unrealistic’ promises, while domestic and foreign investments fell far short of expectations

en.prothomalo.com

Digitalisation: Billions spent yet Bangladesh lags behind in indices
Suhadha Afrin
Dhaka
Updated: 25 Sep 2024, 11: 30

The immediate past government, led by the Bangladesh Awami League (AL), spent billions of taka over 15 and a half years in the name of building a digital Bangladesh.

Despite the huge investments, the country lags behind in different indices, including digital services, use of technology in reducing corruption, human resource development, skill development, and ICT service exports.

The ICT division undertook 53 projects and 34 programmes at a cost of Tk 250 billion between 2009 and 2024, with 22 projects still underway. Besides, various ministries and departments took on projects regarding digitalisation. The posts and telecommunications division alone undertook such projects worth Tk 400 billion.

According to sector insiders, there are a significant number of projects that yielded little benefit. Different infrastructures were built with ‘unrealistic’ promises, while domestic and foreign investments fell far short of expectations. A huge sum of money was spent on training programmes, to get a little in return.

There are widespread allegations of cost overruns, nepotism, and corruption in the ICT division projects.

Insiders said former state minister Zunaid Ahmed Palak and his associates would turn their random ideas into projects. A total of 11 projects were named after Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family members to ensure quick approval.

Sajeeb Wazed Joy, son of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina and also her ICT adviser, was in sole control of the ICT and telecommunications sectors, despite his stay abroad.

In a Facebook post in December, 2022, Sajeeb Wazed Joy claimed that Bangladesh had made significant strides in the ICT sector during the last 13 years, with digital centres being set up even at remote villages.

There are many countries across the world that did not chant any slogans or made handsome investments are now ahead of Bangladesh in various indices. Bangladesh ranked 100th out of 193 countries in the United Nations (UN) e-government development index (EGDI) in 2024. Among its peers, India (97th), Sri Lanka (98th), and the Maldives (94th) are ahead of Bangladesh, while Pakistan (136th) lags behind.

The index was prepared on three parameters – online service, telecom infrastructure, and skilled human resource.

The international telecommunication union (ITU) released its ICT development index (IDI)-2024 in June, showing that only about 39 per cent of Bangladeshis use the internet. Bangladesh trails behind Myanmar, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Vietnam, and Bhutan, though ahead of Pakistan. Data for India was not included in the index.

According to the digital progress and trends report-2023 of the World Bank, Bangladesh has the lowest smartphone user rate in South Asia at about 52 per cent. It also lags in internet speed, digital standard of life, artificial intelligence (AI) usage, and freelancing.

The adviser for ICT and telecommunications, Nahid Islam, said in an annual development programme (ADP) review meeting for the 2024–25 fiscal year that a total of Tk 650 billion was invested in the sector during the Awami League government. Still, Bangladesh is falling behind. The people could not avail the real facilities of digital Bangladesh, except for irregularities.

Digital Bangladesh: Vision and project

The Awami League announced its plan to build ‘Digital Bangladesh’ before the 9th parliamentary elections in 2008, and began various projects in this regard after assuming the state power.

Late Syed Abul Hossain, Mostafa Faruk Mohammed, and Abdul Latif Siddiqui headed the ICT division between 2011 and 2014. Later, Zunaid Ahmed Palak was appointed as state minister on 12 January, 2014, and he served in the position for the next 10 years.

Zunaid Ahmed Palak, who has been subjected to numerous allegations of taking arbitrary projects, irregularities, and corruption, was arrested in a murder case after the downfall of the Awami League regime.

The AL introduced a fresh vision of ‘Smart Bangladesh’ in the manifesto for the last election on 7 January 2024. It gave rise to a question: Why was there a need for ‘Smart Bangladesh’ when the goals of ‘Digital Bangladesh’ had not been fully achieved?

While speaking to Prothom Alo in December, 2022, Zunaid Ahmed claimed that the government had been 100 per cent successful in creating Digital Bangladesh, with government services reaching at doorsteps and technology-based industries developing. The whole system was in operation virtually during the Covid-19 pandemic.

However, individuals concerned said internet usage has increased, and government services have gone digital. But these advances have not placed Bangladesh ahead of other countries in some crucial parameters.

M Manjur Mahmud, president of Datasoft Systems, said there were some good initiatives during the early years of the Awami League government, but the last 10 years saw rampant looting. “The previous government has only erected infrastructures. There were no consultations with the ICT sector stakeholders before undertaking any projects.”

Infrastructures

The Awami League government took an initiative to build hi-tech and software parks in different districts to attract domestic and foreign investments, and also set up incubation centres for skill development. Among the 92 proposed facilities, only three hi-tech parks, three software parks, and four incubation centres are now in operation, while some others are under construction. These projects have cost Tk 81.86 billion so far.

In reality, these facilities did not attract the expected investments, while many incubation centres are not even functioning well.

For example, the Sheikh Hasina Software Technology Park in Jashore, built at a cost of Tk 3.05 billion, was inaugurated in 2017. Zunaid Ahmed Palak then told the media that the hi-tech park will be the silicon valley of Bangladesh. But the park has failed to meet the expectations, and its facilities are now being rented out for wedding ceremonies to cover costs.

M Rokonuzzaman, a professor of electrical and computer engineering department at North South University, said, “What did the nation receive from these state of the art buildings? The lenders too have responsibilities to these projects. The issue should come up if the lenders carried out assessments after execution of the projects. The consultants too should be asked what prompted the construction of this type of infrastructure.”

The Bangladesh computer council (BCC) implemented three projects from 2010 to December 2023 to provide high-speed broadband services at the union level, at a cost of Tk 37.56 billion. Another project – establishment of digital connectivity (EDC) – was undertaken at a cost of Tk 59.23 billion by the ICT division, to provide broadband connections at union and village levels.

There are questions over the impacts and benefits of these projects, as Bangladesh still lags in broadband usage.

Looting through training programmes

A total of Tk 20 billion has been spent on 11 projects and 15 programmes on training since 2009. Projects like freelancing training, language training, cyber training, and digital literacy training continued year after year.

There are allegations that individuals close to the government used to get contracts for training programmes. They pocketed the funds without providing any substantial training.

For example, the learning and earning development project, launched in 2014 with a budget of Tk 3.20 billion, has been criticised by the implementation monitoring and evaluation division for inadequate training, lack of skilled trainers, and poor equipment and internet facilities.

The project ended in 2023. The IMED in 2020 carried out a survey on 500 trainees and came to know from them that the training was not enough for them.

Apps don’t work

The ICT division had undertaken three programmes at different times from 2013 to 2017 for developing mobile games, apps and trainers, with an expenditure of around Tk 240 million. Then another project, worth Tk 3.3 billion, was taken up for the same tasks from 2016 until December this year. This is underway. Not a single one of the 600 apps developed under the programme could meet the expectations.

Multiple projects were taken up for the same work several times. For example, there is a 10-year-long project, iDEA, to support the startups. At the same time, mentioning the same goals and objectives as iDEA, another project of Tk 3.53 billion is ongoing under the Hi-Tech Park Authority. THe project is titled ‘Digital Entrepreneurship and Innovation Ecosystem Development’.

Farhana A Rahman, former vice-president of BASIS (Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services), an organisation of the information technology sector, told Prothom Alo that in most of the cases some partisan institutions and individuals have benefitted in the ICT sector in the last 15 years. The sector could not progress as expected.

She further said that it was told that the ICT sector would earn US $5 billion dollar as export income but not even 1 billion could be achieved.​

 

[Saif]

Rethinking Bangladesh’s hi-tech parks

Infrastructure delays, skill shortages, and regulatory inefficiencies have hindered the success of the Bangladesh Hi-Tech Park Authority.

www.thedailystar.net

Rethinking Bangladesh’s hi-tech parks

While the intent behind the Bangladesh Hi-Tech Park Authority is commendable, its success has been relatively limited.

VISUAL: ANWAR SOHEL

The Bangladesh Hi-Tech Park Authority (BHTPA) was established in 2010 with the ambitious goal of transforming the country into a global hub for information and communication technology (ICT). More than a decade later, the organisation's efforts to promote the technology sector's growth have largely fallen short of expectations. While the intent behind the initiative is commendable, its success has been relatively limited, and the expected impact has not fully materialised. Several factors have hindered its progress, and strategic interventions are necessary to unlock its full potential.

One of the primary issues hindering BHTPA's progress is the inadequate infrastructure in the hi-tech parks, it established. Many of these parks suffer from poor internet connectivity, irregular power supply, and a lack of basic amenities, making it challenging for technology companies to operate efficiently. This has deterred potential investors and entrepreneurs from setting up businesses in these parks.

While BHTPA has initiated several projects across the country to establish such parks and business incubation centres, many are plagued by delays in construction and infrastructure development. In some cases, bureaucratic red tape and inefficient project management have slowed down the execution of plans. The lack of timely completion has hindered the ability of tech companies to set up operations in these parks.

Streamlining the execution of infrastructure projects is critical to making the hi-tech parks operational. This can be achieved by improving project management, reducing bureaucratic inefficiencies, and ensuring that clear timelines are adhered to. Public-private partnerships (PPP) in infrastructure development could also help accelerate progress by tapping into private-sector efficiency and capital, although this must be done through a fair process.

The locations of the hi-tech parks are also not optimal. For example, the hi-tech park at Kaliakoir is too far away from Dhaka city with no civic amenities around. Typically, a township should be established surrounding hi-tech parks with shopping malls, movie theatres, children's parks, schools, markets, decent housing, etc. Alternatively, high-speed commuter trains or expressways must link the parks with the main city. Without these amenities, skilled tech professionals would not want to relocate themselves to a rural setting.

There was also a plan to develop an IT park in around 47 acres of land at the Korail slum in the capital. Although the site is a fully developed land, it is currently occupied by many slum dwellers. A resettlement programme for the displaced people was adopted as part of the development project to resettle them in an acceptable manner. However, political governments never attempted to implement this project because of the fear of losing a sizable vote bank. This tech park in the capital would surely be attractive to local and international IT companies.

Unfortunately, the IT industry, the biggest stakeholder in the hi-tech parks, was never consulted while selecting the areas or the districts for the parks. Decisions to establish the parks were mostly taken with the agenda to enhance the image of the local politicians. Some areas, selected for the parks, are unsuitable for IT business as skilled human resources are scarce in those regions. Sites near technological colleges and universities are most appropriate for these parks.

Another significant obstacle BHTPA faces is the shortage of skilled and experienced IT professionals in Bangladesh. While the country has a large pool of young talent, many lack advanced skills in areas such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cybersecurity, data analytics, and other expertise required by tech companies. This skill gap has made it difficult for BHTPA to attract multinational companies to the hi-tech parks.

Though continuous upskilling of the tech professional is required for the ever-changing tech industry, a significant disconnect exists between academic institutions and this sector. There is little collaboration between Bangladeshi universities and research institutes and the industry in terms of research, internships, and project-based learning. This gap weakens the innovation ecosystem and is responsible for the disparity between the skills needed by the companies and the talent pool available. Skill development must be included in the curricula so that graduates have both knowledge and skill.

It is also important to invest in research and development within the hi-tech parks now, since without its own intellectual property, Bangladesh will struggle harder in the post-TRIPS (Agreement Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) regime. BHTPA can create specialised research zones or labs focused on emerging technologies. Offering tax breaks or subsidies for companies that invest in R&D would also attract more companies to establish operations in the parks. This will drive long-term innovation and competitiveness.

One of the main objectives of the hi-tech parks is to attract both local and foreign investments to spur technological innovation. However, a limited venture capital ecosystem, risk-averse financial institutions, and low levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the tech sector have been obstacles. Many startups and entrepreneurs in Bangladesh struggle to secure seed funding or scale-up investment, which stifles innovation and entrepreneurship.

BHTPA could work with financial institutions to encourage the development of tech-focused venture capital funds and ease access to credit for technology-driven companies. Additionally, tax incentives for venture capital investments, grants, and seed funding for deserving startups could be provided to encourage investment in high-tech startups with potential and research-driven innovations that have commercial value.

Many tech firms and startups also face bureaucratic hurdles when seeking government approvals, licenses, and incentives. The slow processing of paperwork and inconsistent policy enforcement discourage companies from utilising the hi-tech parks. To address this issue, BHTPA needs to streamline its processes and make them more business-friendly. Moreover, some policies related to data privacy, intellectual property rights, and tech regulation are not well developed which undermines confidence in the long-term stability of operations.

Simplifying the process of acquiring business licenses, work permits, and other approvals for tech companies operating in hi-tech parks is essential. Introducing a "one-stop service" for tech firms to handle all regulatory processes would significantly reduce bureaucratic bottlenecks. Moreover, updating policies to align with international standards will help increase investor confidence.

Another challenge that BHTPA has grappled with is the lack of effective marketing and promotion of its hi-tech parks. Many potential investors and companies, both local and international, are unaware of the opportunities and incentives offered by BHTPA, resulting in a low occupancy rate in the parks. BHTPA should enhance its marketing and promotional efforts to increase awareness and attract more businesses. There is a need for a concerted effort to market Bangladesh as a viable destination for technology investment. BHTPA should work with trade bodies and embassies to create a global campaign that highlights the country's strengths, such as its young workforce, strategic location, and improving infrastructure. Showcasing successful case studies from existing tech firms operating in the parks would further enhance credibility.

Compared to regional competitors like India or Vietnam, Bangladesh has struggled to present itself as an attractive destination due to concerns about the inequitable political environment including nepotism and corruption, infrastructure readiness, and ease of doing business. The absence of a coordinated promotional campaign to promote Bangladesh as a tech investment hub adds to the problem.

The BHTPA was established with a vision to develop an ICT-driven ecosystem and contribute to the nation's economic growth by fostering innovation, entrepreneurship, and job creation in the tech sector. However, without addressing key bottlenecks such as infrastructure delays, skill shortages, and regulatory inefficiencies, BHTPA's impact will remain limited. To overcome these challenges and achieve its goals, BHTPA needs to take a proactive approach otherwise its efforts to establish Bangladesh as a technology hub may continue to falter, and the country's potential in the ICT sector may remain untapped. In the long run, fostering innovation and nurturing entrepreneurship will be key to realising the country's vision for an ICT-driven economy.

Syed Almas Kabir is an entrepreneur and a policy advocate.​