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[🇧🇩] In Bangladesh, A Violent 'Student Revolution' is on بنگلہ دیش میں انقلاب

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[🇧🇩] In Bangladesh, A Violent 'Student Revolution' is on بنگلہ دیش میں انقلاب
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Violence against students: A tribute to our little John Hampdens

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In a climate of cowardice and sycophancy, protesting students' exemplary courage and bravery have given Bangladesh a renewed patriotism and a glowing confidence in the country's future. File photo: Anisur Rahman

On July 23, 2024, a police officer kicked a teenager named Muhammad Fahir and mistreated an adult at UK's Manchester airport. The incident caused shock and horror in British society and around the world and provoked protests in Greater Manchester. The police officer involved has been suspended and is under investigation.

Remarkably, around the same time, law enforcers—who are paid by our money—killed in broad daylight hundreds of unarmed protesters, mostly students, in the streets of our beloved Bangladesh. According to a July 26, 2024 report in the Prothom Alo, at least 204 people were killed during this spate of violence alone. Since there is an alleged attempt to suppress the records of the carnage, we may not know the true number of casualties. Perhaps, such massive shootings and killings in the streets of Bangladesh are unprecedented.

While many protesting students are succumbing to injuries, hundreds of them are lying in excruciating pain in hospitals with various degrees of bullet wounds. Fearing arrest by the police, many more chose not to receive treatment in hospitals and are suffering in silence. Many are staying under self-imposed house arrest to avoid police harassment in the streets. As Bangladesh is a country of roughly 170 million people, here we are talking about the ordeals of millions of students.
Is there no responsibility for all these killings, injuries, and sufferings? No compassion for the tears of bereaved parents who had pinned so much hope on their now-murdered children?

Many in Bangladesh seem to have been processing the tragedy of the mass slaughter of students in dead silence. But what does it tell us about our status as human beings and about the value of our lives as Bangladeshis? I am talking about the lives of all Bangladeshis irrespective of their political complexion or partisan preferences. I repeat: here I am concerned with the lives of all Bangladeshis, including those who murdered our students in the streets.

Gruesome and unbearable shoot-to-kill images have continued to emerge. What transpires through a cursory look at social media sites is that students have been killed and maimed like birds. These students have parents and siblings; they are sons and daughters of Bangladesh society and are the future of the country. Attacks on them are attacks on the entire population.

As regards the Manchester airport incident, race was most probably an important factor that incited the violent behaviour of the police officer concerned. But why did our law enforcers kill our young people in such large numbers? It's not race hatred or political differences that have snatched away so many precious lives from us. It is the reduced value of our lives that made this possible.

Our lives are cheap. When we degrade and mistreat each other, we do so at our own peril. The oppressor and the oppressed among us all are lesser human beings. This realisation and efforts to address it will mark the beginning of our collective healing.

The normalisation of government-sponsored violence points to the sad truth that our lives are cheap. Bangladeshis can be harassed and killed, and the perpetrators face no consequences. Only a select few at the top of the government enjoy Brahmanical privileges, while the rest are pawns or hostages in an undemocratic system.

Students who were shot dead and injured were simply exercising their democratic rights and posed no threat to anybody. What took them to the streets tells volumes about present-day Bangladesh.

The phrase "the tip of the iceberg" is perhaps overused. But it serves to emphasise the magnitude of specific problems. The quota issue is only on the surface and only the tip of the iceberg. There are long, under-the-surface stories that have to be told to explain what gave the students such courage and brought them face-to-face with violence from law enforcement and ruling party men. They have defied the fear of death. On this issue, Bangladesh seems to have been in a war between two camps: the law enforcers and ruling party people on one side, and the general students on the other.

Meritorious students of underprivileged backgrounds from rural areas study at public universities with much hope and aspiration for a better life. Those who have graduated in the last couple of decades or are currently studying at Bangladesh's universities, mostly the public ones, are cognisant of the suffering to which they have been vulnerable at the hands of so-called student leaders (known as "cadres" in campus parlance). The way ordinary students are mistreated at many of Bangladesh's universities may reveal a pattern reminiscent of the master-slave relationship.

We do not discuss it enough, but we know what happens especially in the campus and dormitories at most universities in Bangladesh. You may not find many Bangladeshi university students/graduates who have not experienced or heard of the beatings of ordinary students by the "cadres" at universities. What is more, sexual harassment of female students at universities is common knowledge in present-day Bangladesh.

University students in Bangladesh have been enduring all forms of mistreatment; many had hoped that upon graduation they would get government jobs. The quota system hammered the last nail in the coffin of that aspiration for a better future. Seeing no other options, like Thomas Gray's "village-Hampden … with dauntless breast," students in Bangladesh are rising up against tyranny in their land. In a climate of cowardice and sycophancy, their exemplary courage and bravery and their faith in themselves and one another have given Bangladesh a renewed patriotism and a glowing confidence in the country's future.

The government has been trying to contain students through bullets, blood and poison gas, but the number of John Hampdens is perhaps too many for it to suppress. Meanwhile, forces beyond our control have continued to whittle down our country to its bones.

Md Mahmudul Hasan, PhD, is professor in the Department of English Language and Literature, International Islamic University Malaysia.​
 

We must step back from the precipice

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A protester holding a placard that states, 'Merit behind bars while the killers roam free.' PHOTO: Rashed Shumon

Awami League leaders including Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina plaintively ask, "All job quota demands have been met; why, then, are the students protesting?" If the ruling party leaders don't understand or pretend not to understand why students are not staying back at home (their campuses and dormitories remain shuttered), we are in much deeper trouble than one could imagine. We are already at the precipice.

July 2024 will surely be marked as the blood-drenched July and will find its place in history with other milestones of student movement, such as 1952 (Language Movement), 1969 (Mass Uprising), and 1990 (anti-Ershad movement), which turned the tide of history.

The question frequently raised is how a demand for quota reform in government job recruitment by university students in Dhaka has been allowed to spread nationwide and to turn into a bloodbath. The common answer is that the regime has totally failed to sense the public pulse. Incompetence, arrogance, and mockery of protesters by supposedly responsible people were combined with a belief that it would be controlled by applying force and by unleashing the student arm of the ruling party. They failed to realise the depth of grief and pain of the people when Abu Sayed of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur was gunned down by police on July 16, at close range and in public view, as he stood alone with a stick in hand. The government failed to realise that it was fast going out of hand. It failed to sit back, take stock and change its game plan.

The regime failed to see that the movement wasn't just about quotas, and the longer it continued, it conflated and merged into all the grievances and pains of the people.

Corruption and cronyism affected every citizen who came in contact with any government agency; obscene amassing of wealth by those favoured by the regime reached a new height; and the daily struggle of families to make ends meet in the face of inflation and price hikes of daily necessities was aggravated by syndicates of hoarders and extortionists nurtured and tolerated by the authorities.

They did not feel the people's pain and grief caused by more than 200 deaths of students and citizens of all ages, including children, some of whom were killed and injured in the safety of their homes by firing from helicopters roaming over residential neighbourhoods, according to the victim families' accounts.

It is very difficult to understand why student coordinators of the protest were not reached out early, in order to come to an understanding about the outcome and about a process to be followed, including handling the judicial process. The public does not understand why and how the police, Rab and border forces called in to the cities became so reckless and vengeful as to aim at the protesters' eyes and heads using not just rubber bullets, but also shotgun ammunitions and lethal bullets. In the fray, they themselves suffered attacks and loss of life. Have the rules of engagement, operational procedures and command and control broken down completely, or has this been part of the plan to subdue protest by terrorising the protesters and citizens?

The usual playbook of large-scale arrests casting a wide net and alleging vague criminal acts, picking up the people at the dead of night, not informing families of the whereabouts of those picked up, not allowing families to visit those in custody—all illegal under our constitution and laws—have continued. The regime's game plan does not require that the charges are properly framed and allegations are proven in the court. The hapless people taken into custody under any excuse would suffer harassment, physical abuse, long incarceration, material loss and mental agony, no matter what verdict the slow process of justice eventually hands down. And none are held answerable for this cruel travesty.

Considering past experiences, it is difficult to have any faith in government enquiries and the possibility of real perpetrators being punished. As the sister of 19- year -old Mahmudur Rahman Shoikot of Nurjahan Road in Mohammadpur, shot in the head as he was looking for his injured friend, asked, "Police killed my brother; should we go to them for justice?"

Students have now called for a non-cooperation movement. It is a deep expression of their frustrations. As of this writing, the prime minister has said the doors of Gono Bhaban are open to students. She has been holding meetings with university heads. These are moves that should have come much earlier.

There is no reason why the prime minister should not declare the acceptance of the nine-point demand of the students for accountability and justice regarding the government's handling of the quota reform movement and the deaths and injuries, restoring academic peace on campuses, and allowing legitimate channels of expressing students' views and complaints through elected student unions.

There is no reason why the prime minister cannot offer an unconditional apology for the mayhem caused, lives lost and how the situation has been handled by her government, despite whatever blame can be apportioned to opportunist mischief-makers.

The prime minister should demonstrate her bona fides by offering full cooperation to the Eminent Citizens' Enquiry Commission headed by Justice MA Matin and Sultana Kamal, and vow to give due consideration to its findings and recommendations.

The prime minister should ask the ministers involved in aspects of the quota reform movement to accept their share of the responsibility. Officials of law enforcement agencies need to be placed on suspension pending appropriate investigation. A process should begin to bring those respected for academic feat and personal integrity into university management.

As a gesture of good faith, the prime minister should pledge to negotiate with the UAE authorities about deporting back to Bangladesh the 57 Bangladeshis who have been sentenced to prison for holding a rally in the UAE supporting the students' movement.

The words, actions and gestures must reflect a good faith effort, signal a change of plans and strategies, and a change of heart and mind. And a willingness and openness should be demonstrated to consult and dialogue with all about overcoming the hurdles to build a just and democratic society.

No sane person can believe or declare that it is too late.

Dr Manzoor Ahmed is professor emeritus at BRAC University, chair of Bangladesh ECD Network (BEN), and adviser to Campaign for Popular Education (CAMPE). Views expressed in this article are the author's own.​
 

চট্টগ্রাম: তাদের হাতে যেসব অস্ত্র দেখা গেল
সংঘর্ষে রণক্ষেত্র ছিল নিউমার্কেট ও এর আশেপাশের এলাকা।

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দুপুর সাড়ে ১২টার দিকে তিনপুলের মাথায় আন্দোলনকারীদের সঙ্গে সরকারদলীয় লোকজনের দফায় দফায় সংঘর্ষ হয়। সেসময় ছাত্রলীগ ও আওয়ামী লীগের নেতাকর্মীদের হাতে বন্দুক, পিস্তলসহ নানা অগ্নেয়াস্ত্র দেখা যায়। ছবি: স্টার

বৈষম্যবিরোধী ছাত্র আন্দোলনের ডাকা অসহযোগ আন্দোলনের প্রথম দিন চট্টগ্রাম নগরীর বিভিন্ন এলাকায় বিক্ষোভকারী, পুলিশ ও সরকার সমর্থকদের মধ্যে দফায় দফায় সংঘর্ষের ঘটনা ঘটেছে। এতে অর্ধশতাধিক গুলিবিদ্ধ হওয়াসহ আহত হয়েছেন শতাধিক মানুষ।

সংঘর্ষে রণক্ষেত্র ছিল নিউমার্কেট ও এর আশেপাশের এলাকা। বিকেলের দিকে নগরীর আগ্রাবাদ ও সন্ধ্যায় বহদ্দারহাট এলাকায় সংঘর্ষের ঘটনা ঘটে।

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ছাত্রলীগ ও আওয়ামী লীগের নেতাকর্মীদের হাতে বন্দুক, পিস্তলসহ নানা অগ্নেয়াস্ত্র দেখা যায়। ছবি: স্টার

রোববার সকাল ১১টায় নিউমার্কেট এলাকায় পাল্টাপাল্টি কর্মসূচির ডাক দেয় বৈষম্যবিরোধী ছাত্র আন্দোলন ও আওয়ামী লীগ।

প্রত্যক্ষদর্শীরা জানান, সকাল ১০টা থেকেই নিউমার্কেট এলাকায় বিক্ষোভকারীরা জড়ো হতে শুরু করে। সেখানে সাধারণ শিক্ষার্থীদের সঙ্গে সাধারণ মানুষকেও অবস্থান করতে দেখা যায়। সকাল ১১টার দিকে পুলিশ টিয়ারশেল ও সাউন্ড গ্রেনেড ছুড়লে আন্দোলনকারীদের সঙ্গে পুলিশের ধাওয়া-পাল্টা ধাওয়া শুরু হয়, যা পরে সংঘর্ষে রূপ নেয়। এর মধ্যে নিউমার্কেট মোড় এলাকায় আওয়ামী লীগ, যুবলীগ ও ছাত্রলীগের কর্মীরা অবস্থান নেন। সংঘর্ষ ছড়িয়ে পড়ে নিউমার্কেটসহ এর আশেপাশের এলাকায়।

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ছাত্রলীগ ও আওয়ামী লীগের নেতাকর্মীদের হাতে বন্দুক, পিস্তলসহ নানা অগ্নেয়াস্ত্র দেখা যায়। ছবি: স্টার

দুপুর সাড়ে ১২টার দিকে তিনপুলের মাথায় আন্দোলনকারীদের সঙ্গে সরকারদলীয় লোকজনের দফায় দফায় সংঘর্ষ হয়। সেসময় ছাত্রলীগ ও আওয়ামী লীগের নেতাকর্মীদের হাতে বন্দুক, পিস্তলসহ নানা অগ্নেয়াস্ত্র দেখা যায়। দুপুর ১টা থেকে ২টা পর্যন্ত প্রায় এক ঘণ্টা ধরে গোলাম রসূল মার্কেটের সামনে এ সংঘর্ষ হয়েছে। সেসময় প্রচন্ড গুলির শব্দ ও ককটেল বিস্ফোরণের শব্দ শোনা যায়।

সরেজমিনে দেখা গেছে, তিনপুলের মাথায় এ সংঘর্ষের সময় কোনো পুলিশ সেখানে ছিল না। দুপুর ২টার দিকে নিউমার্কেট থেকে পুলিশের দুটো গাড়ি সেদিকে যায়। বিকেল ৫টা পর্যন্ত নগরীর কেন্দ্রীয় শহীদ মিনার, এনায়েত বাজার, রিয়াজুদ্দিন বাজার, তিনপুলের মাথা, বিআরটিসি ফলমন্ডি এলাকা অর্থাৎ নিউ মার্কেটের আশেপাশের এলাকাজুড়ে পুলিশ-আন্দোলনকারী ও সরকার দলীয় লোকজনের মধ্যে সংঘর্ষের ঘটনা ঘটেছে।

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ছাত্রলীগ ও আওয়ামী লীগের নেতাকর্মীদের হাতে বন্দুক, পিস্তলসহ নানা অগ্নেয়াস্ত্র দেখা যায়। ছবি: স্টার

সন্ধ্যা ৬টার দিকে ষোলশহর ও বহদ্দারহাট মোড়ে ভাঙচুর-সংঘর্ষ হয়েছে। রাত ৮টার দিকে আগ্রাবাদ মোড়ে আন্দোলনকারীরা জড়ো হয়ে ট্রাফিক পুলিশ বক্স ভাঙচুর ও আগুন দেয়।

ডবলমুরিং থানার সহকারী কমিশনার সব্যসাচী মজুমদার ডেইলি স্টারকে বলেন, 'রাত ৮টার পরে আন্দোলনকারীরা ডবলমুরিং থানায় ইট-পাটকেল মেরে ভেতরে ঢুকতে চেয়েছিল। পুলিশ টিয়ারশেল দিয়ে তাদেরকে ছত্রভঙ্গ করে দেয়।'


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ছাত্রলীগ ও আওয়ামী লীগের নেতাকর্মীদের হাতে বন্দুক, পিস্তলসহ নানা অগ্নেয়াস্ত্র দেখা যায়। ছবি: স্টার
থানা হামলার আরেকটি ঘটনা ঘটেছে লোহাগড়া থানায়।

জেলা পুলিশ সুপার সুদীপ্ত সরকার বলেন, 'বিকেলে লোহাগড়া থানায় হামলার চেষ্টা করা হচ্ছিল। টিয়ারশেল, সাউন্ড গ্রেনেড দিয়ে তাদের ছত্রভঙ্গ করা হয়েছে।'

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ছাত্রলীগ ও আওয়ামী লীগের নেতাকর্মীদের হাতে বন্দুক, পিস্তলসহ নানা অগ্নেয়াস্ত্র দেখা যায়। ছবি: স্টার

দিনভর দফায় দফায় সংঘর্ষে গুলিবিদ্ধ হয়েছেন অন্তত অর্ধশতাধিক। চট্টগ্রামে মেডিকেল কলেজ হাসপাতালে গুলিবিদ্ধ ও আহতের অনেকেই চিকিৎসা নিচ্ছেন।

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ছাত্রলীগ ও আওয়ামী লীগের নেতাকর্মীদের হাতে বন্দুক, পিস্তলসহ নানা অগ্নেয়াস্ত্র দেখা যায়। ছবি: স্টার

সর্বশেষ রাত ১০টায়ও নগরীর কিছু এলাকায় থেমে থেমে সংঘর্ষ, সংঘাতের খবর পাওয়া যাচ্ছে। নগরীজুড়ে থমথমে পরিবেশ বিরাজ করছে।​
 

BNP urges all to make March to Dhaka success
Staff Correspondent 05 August, 2024, 00:09

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The main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party secretary general Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir on Sunday in a statement urged people along with the party leaders and activists to make the 'March to Dhaka' programme of protesting students a success.

Fakhrul also urged the prime minister to step down from power immediately following the demands of the students.

He said, 'I am calling on the people of our country and the leaders, supporters and well-wishers of BNP and its organisations to make the 'March to Dhaka' programme of the students a success and at the same time to continue the movement in their respective areas.'

Fakhrul also urged all the political parties to support the ongoing mass movement of the students.

He alleged that the ruling Awami League planned to gather armed leaders and activists and attack the pro-democracy students.

Fakhrul said, 'Awami League's terrorists and law enforcement forces opened fire with deadly firearms at various places, including Dhanmondi, Science Laboratory, Mirpur, Uttara and Topkhana Road in Dhaka.'

'The entire country has been turned into a battleground by killing, torture and using force to suppress the movement. The government is killing the students by indiscriminate shooting,' he said.

'The Awami League terrorists' carried out attacks on the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and other establishments in a planned way and blame it on the agitators, the BNP leader alleged.

Fakhrul said that the government planned to destroy the victory of the movement by inciting conflicts, but the agitating people would foil that conspiracy and win the victory.

'On the first day of the non-cooperation movement called by the students, the armed terrorists of the Awami League, Chhatra League, and Jubo League and law enforcement agencies in different parts of the country fired and killed about a hundred people and wounded thousands others with bullets,' he said.

He expressed condolences and wished eternal rest to all the souls of those killed in the violence, saying that the trial of those who killed the students in the ongoing movement must be held.

Earlier on the day, Student Movements Against Discrimination announced 'Long March to Dhaka' for Monday, urging people from all walks of life to march towards the capital and gather in the streets demanding resignation of the government.​
 

Take the army back to the barracks: Retired army officers
Special Correspondent Dhaka
Published: 04 Aug 2024, 17: 57

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Brigadier General (retired) Md Sakhawat Hossain addresses a press conference on the prevailing political situation in Bangladesh at the auditorium of the Retired Armed Forces Officers Welfare Association (RAOWA) in the capital's Mohakhali on 4 August 2024.Collected

Former army officialssaid that 'initiatives have been taken to militarise the political crisis,' and protested the move, as well as called for taking the army back to the barracks.

The former officials made the call at a press conference at the auditorium of the Retired Armed Forces Officers Welfare Association (RAOWA) in the capital's Mohakhali on Sunday, on how to resolve the existing crisis. Former army chief Iqbal Karim Bhuiyan presented the keynote at the briefing.

Iqbal Karim Bhuiyan said, had the policymakers of the country not lost their sanity, conscience and soul, the massive tragedy of these killings would not have happened in the history of Bangladesh. Numerous people were crippled in these attacks, counter attacks and assaults. Many teenagers and youth lost their eyesight. Helpless citizens are not receiving necessary and emergency treatment. On top of that, homes and messes are being marked by terrorists and block raids are being launched to detain people through these raids. Thousands of innocent teenage boys and girls and youth are being arrested in false cases or at large.

At the beginning, six senior retired defence officers including Brigadier General (retired) Md Sakhawat Hossain, and Brigadier General (retired) Shahedul Anam addressed the event. Former army chief Lieutenant General (retired) Nuruddin Khan was also present.

Addressing the press conference, Iqbal Karim Bhuiyan said, "The commitment of the liberation war was to abolish discrimination, division and oppression. Instead, all this has spread dangerously at all levels of the country today. The tolerance of the majority of people from the lower levels of society has gone beyond the limit. Our economic situation and management are very fragile, which is why people are not hesitating to make sacrifices for a way our. If transparency, justice and credibility are not established by punishing those who are responsible for bringing the country's people to such a predicament, it will not be possible to restore peace, law and order, and trust in society."​
 
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