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[🇧🇩] In Bangladesh, A Violent 'Student Revolution' is on بنگلہ دیش میں انقلاب

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[🇧🇩] In Bangladesh, A Violent 'Student Revolution' is on بنگلہ دیش میں انقلاب
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Police must abide by court rulings on arrests and remand
Due process being ignored during ongoing nationwide crackdown

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VISUAL: STAR

Amid nationwide crackdowns in response to the recent violence centring the quota reform movement, we are alarmed by the reckless disregard for Supreme Court guidelines for arrests and remands. Reports published over the last few days paint a disturbing picture of how arrestees have been treated. Between July 18 and 28, some 8,914 people, including students and BNP and Jamaat men, have been arrested in 46 districts. In Dhaka alone, 2,764 people have been arrested. But as claimed by relatives and lawyers, many of the suspects were picked up by plain-clothes officers who did not identify themselves, and in many cases, the accused were not produced before court within the stipulated 24-hour period. Families of many students were left in the dark as their children were picked up and only learned of their whereabouts when they were produced before court days later. Many on remand were allegedly subjected to inhumane torture.

All these instances are blatant violations of the guidelines issued by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in 2016. According to the guidelines, law enforcement officials are obligated to identify themselves before arresting an individual and inform the next of kin within 12 hours. Moreover, arrests cannot be made in plainclothes, and the arrested must be allowed to contact their relatives and seek legal counsel.

It is worrying how due process is still being openly flouted by the law enforcement personnel. Former Ducsu Vice-President Nurul Haque Nur's wife Maria Nur told daily Samakal that those who picked him up from their home in the early hours of July 19 did not identify themselves, and produced him before a court after 39 hours of detention. During that time, he was physically tortured to the point where he was unable to walk by himself, as he told the court. BNP leaders Aminul Haque and Sultan Salauddin Tuku also complained of being tortured in remand.

The detention of the six quota reform coordinators by the Detective Branch (DB) of DMP is another case in point. They were all picked up between Friday and Sunday—"for the sake of their security," according to the DB—in a manner that legal experts called "unconstitutional"; two of them were even undergoing treatment at the time. Then there is the case of a minor—17-year-old student Hasnatul Islam Faiyaz—who was taken to court tied with ropes and placed on a seven-day remand, which was later cancelled. We can also talk about how police falsified facts in the First Information Report (FIR) on slain university student Abu Sayed, which completely contradicts widely circulated video footages, in an apparent bid to absolve themselves of responsibility.

These are just some of the more prominent cases highlighted by the media. We understand that the law enforcement authorities are operating with a sense of urgency to restore order in these volatile times—when six days of violence took at least 163 lives across the country, not to mention the damage caused to key public infrastructures. But this is also precisely why they must operate strictly within the bounds of the law, with utmost accountability for their actions, as restoring order may not be possible without restoring confidence about their integrity. In any case, violating law and citizens' rights in the name of law enforcement is totally unacceptable.

The Supreme Court guidelines were issued to prevent police excesses and ensure accountability. There is no scope for even an iota of oversight or violation in their activities. We, therefore, urge the law enforcement authorities to look into this matter urgently and ensure that anyone accused or arrested in connection with the recent violence is treated as per court guidelines and constitutional obligations.​
 

Bangladesh protests death toll rises to 213 as one more dies
Staff Correspondent 30 July, 2024, 00:00

One more critically injured person died on Sunday while undergoing treatment in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, taking the death toll from the recent violence during countrywide student protests to at least 213.

The victim, Babul Hawladar, 48, was admitted to the hospital on July 19 after he received a bullet in the throat during violence at the time of student movement for quota reform in government jobs.

Babul Hawladar, from Munshiganj, worked as a house painter. He was hit by the bullet in Rampura while he was returning from Jummah prayers, said his son Md Parvez.

Hospital sources said that 123 people, including 14 in the Intensive Care Unit, were undergoing treatment as of Monday noon for critical injuries received during the movement.

The New Age collected the number of deaths from only 12 hospitals in Dhaka city and some hospitals in 10 other districts, as many hospitals either declined to provide information or were unreachable regarding the number of casualties during the protests.

On Sunday, the government at last disclosed that 147 people, including common people, students, police, and ruling Awami League activists, were killed across the country in the violence.

The official death toll reached 150 on Monday, said cabinet secretary Md Mahbub Hossain in an update given to the cabinet.​
 

Why is the crisis being aggravated by indiscriminate imprisonments?
Sohrab Hassan
Published: 28 Jul 2024, 08: 17

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Arrested persons at the CMM court premises Dipu Malakar

On Thursday afternoon a 75-year-old gentleman telephoned to say when his cousin, a BNP man, couldn't be located, certain persons identifying themselves as DB police picked up the man's brother, nephews and brother-in-law. They were told that they would be released if the BNP man was handed over to them.

The gentleman who had telephoned me said that he was not in contact with his cousin. He was valiant freedom fighter and a retired college teacher. He was suffering from cancer. He had just returned from hospital from a chemotherapy session. One of his nephews was an SSC candidate and the other was a university student. As he had delayed in opening the door, the police had beaten up the house-help too. The entire family was engulfed in anxiety.

Another friend phoned Prothom Alo to say that a local teacher lived with her son and daughter in the Sonali Bank lane of East Rampura. Her daughter Labiba Jahan Oishi was a student of IER at Dhaka University. Her son had passed out of university but hadn't got a job as yet, he was unemployed.

When the police banged on their door Thursday afternoon, they were alarmed. The police broke down the door, entered and asked if her son has been in the movement, checked his body for any injuries or bullet wounds. Even though they could find nothing, the police took him away. They took away their mobile phones too though these had nothing to do with the movement.

Oishi's friends said she had nothing to do with the quota reform movement even through it spread from the university. She hadn't even made any significant statement in this regard on Facebook. The mother and daughter had moved into a relative's house, scared and mentally distraught.

There are thousands of families other than that of the 75-year-old freedom fighter or the school teacher, who are living in alarm and anxiety. They are worried about their own safety. It is not even possible for everyone to rush around between police station and court.

During the students' movement, clashes and violence had broken out in full swing in Badda, Rampura, Jatrabari, Uttara, Mirpur and Mohammedpur. There were violent clashes between the demonstrators and members of the police force. Most of those who had died or were injured had been hit by bullets.

A BBC Bangla video report regarding the police's arrest drive in Dhaka showed several prison vans arriving at the court area from all around the city at around 3:00 in the afternoon on Tuesday. Those inside were crying out, "We are innocent. We were not in the movement. We have been detained for nothing." They included students, workers, children and teenagers.

Men and women thronged around the police vans. Some were trying to get a glimpse of their relations in the vans. One of them said that his brother was a CNG-run auto-rickshaw driver and had nothing to do with the movement. He had been standing on the roadside watching the chaos. He had been picked up on suspicion. Pictures had been taken by drone from above. They picked up anyone seen in the drone pictures.

Failing to protect state property they are now making arrests en masse. Nab those who committed sabotage. What could the objective be behind arresting children, adolescents, people who have suffered from strokes, innocent pedestrians and hard-working labourers?
Another woman said that the police had picked up her son-in-law from Matuail. He had been having a cup of tea with others at a roadside tea-stall. Everyone started running away upon seeing the police vehicle and he was caught. Another person said that his brother was caught because he was a BNP man, though he was not involved in any movement. He had been sleeping when he was picked up at night. A mother said, her 13-year-old boy was picked up. He would work in a garage.

More people are being arrested from areas in Dhaka where there had been more agitation and damage. There was no assessing who had been involved and who hadn't.

No one would have anything to say if those responsible for damaging state property were identified and brought before the law. But why should anyone be arrested or harassed simply because they were related to a leader of the opposition or because they were young in age?

According to Prothom Alo reports, the law enforcement is carrying out arrests and filing cases centering the agitation, attacks, damages, clashes and arson during the quota reform movement. According to reports received till Thursday, 525 cases have been filed in 51 cities and districts including Dhaka. Over the past 9 days (from 17 July to 25 July) the number of arrests have exceeded 5,500. From Wednesday night till Thursday afternoon around 1,100 persons were arrested around the country. In the capital city 451 were arrested.

It is the responsibility of the government to safeguard state property. There was no dearth of police, RAB, BGB personnel deployed in Dhaka city. Failing to protect state property they are now making arrests en masse. Nab those who committed sabotage. What could the objective be behind arresting children, adolescents, people who have suffered from strokes, innocent pedestrians and hard-working labourers?

Law minister Anisul Huq has given his word that no cases will be filed against the students who were in the movement. They will not be harassed. But now they are being targetted and cases are being filed against them. According to Prothom Alo reports, students have been accused in five more cases centering various programmes of the quota reform movement. The police has filed a case against 20 students of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University in capital. There are 15 students of Rajshahi University named in another case.

In Rupnagar police station of the capital, two cases has been filed against unnamed students of Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT) on charges of assaulting and injuring police and obstructing government duty. In the two cases, 1000 to 1500 unnamed persons have been charged, including students. Another case has been filed at the Ashulia police station in Dhaka against unnamed students of Jahangirnagar University.

The ministers say that the agitating students did not attack the various installations of the government, they did not carry out violence and destruction. They have been blaming BNP and Jamaat-Shibir for all the violence. If the students did not carry out the violence and destruction, why are cases being filed against them?

At the last moment of writing this column on Friday I learnt that the police have released the relatives of that BNP leader's brother. Let the others who have been arbitrarily arrested also be similarly released.

* Sohrab Hassan is joint editor of Prothom Alo and a poet​
 

Bangladesh: Security Forces Target Unarmed Students
International Pressure Needed to Protect Rights with Army Deployed, Internet Shut Down

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Anti-quota protestors and police are engaging in a clash in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on July 18, 2024. © 2024 Anik Rahman/NurPhoto via AP Photo

(New York) – The Bangladeshi government has deployed the army against student protesters, imposed shoot-on-sight curfew orders, and shut down mobile data and internet services, Human Rights Watch said today. These actions followed violent protests against excesses by security forces to quell a peaceful student protest campaign.

With more than 160 people killed, foreign governments should immediately call on Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her administration to end the use of excessive force against protesters and hold troops to account for human rights abuses.

"Bangladesh has been troubled for a long time due to unfettered security force abuses against anyone who opposes the Sheikh Hasina government, and we are witnessing that same playbook again, this time to attack unarmed student protesters," said Meenakshi Ganguly, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch. "Now is the time for influential governments to press Sheikh Hasina to stop her forces from brutalizing students and other protesters."

In early July 2024, tens of thousands of university students began peacefully protesting after a High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh ruling restoring quotas in government jobs for various categories of people, particularly the 30 percent for descendants of those who had joined the war for independence of Bangladesh in 1971. Students contended that the quota for war veterans would unfairly benefit government supporters. On July 15, members of the Chhatra League (BCL), the student group affiliated with Prime Minister Hasina's Awami League Party, backed by police, attacked the protesters, killing six people.

Protests spread to several cities and universities across the country following the July 15 attack, leading to deadly clashes between protesters and the pro-government supporters and security forces, with hundreds killed or wounded. Security forces have used live ammunition, tear gas, stun grenades, rubber bullets, and shotgun pellets to disperse protesters. With the internet shut down, reliable information is difficult to get; Agence France-Presse said that police and hospitals had reported 163 deaths, but activists fear the number is much higher. "I have never seen such cruelty," a Dhaka resident who recently left the country told Human Rights Watch. "The security forces just kept on shooting. They were shooting at such young people. They even shot at bystanders if they tried to help protect the students."

Several journalists were injured when assaulted by security forces and Chhatra League supporters. The United Nations human rights chief, Volker Türk, called for restraint and said the "attacks on student protesters are particularly shocking and unacceptable."

Prime Minister Hasina, who won a fourth consecutive term after January elections that were not free or fair, had previously imposed and then withdrawn the quota. She has called for dialogue and promised an inquiry into the July 15 deaths. Educational institutions have been closed indefinitely. On July 21, the Supreme Court, hearing an appeal from the government, ruled to reduce the quota in government jobs, allocating 5 percent for descendants of independence war veterans and 2 percent for other categories.

However, students said that Sheikh Hasina has lost their trust following a statement that denounced the protesters as political traitors. The students responded by calling her an "autocrat."

On June 18, the Bangladeshi authorities imposed a nationwide internet shutdown, critically limiting communications, access to information, and ability to share reports of human rights abuses.

The junior telecommunications minister, Zunaid Ahmed Palak, confirmed the shutdown, citing concerns over the spread of "fake news." Bangladeshi media sites were unable to upload credible information, fueling dangerous rumours. "Bangladesh is in information darkness," one activist told Human Rights Watch.

The UN Human Rights Council had said in a 2016 consensus resolution that shutting the internet to intentionally prevent or disrupt access to or dissemination of information online violates international human rights law, and that all countries should refrain from and cease such measures.

Protests continued on July 19 and 20, with several people killed by security forces. After protesters stormed a jail in Narsingdi district and set fire to the state broadcaster's offices, the government issued curfew orders and deployed the military.

On July 22, a student leader declared a 48-hour halt to the protests, calling on the government to end the curfew, restore access to the internet, and stop targeting the student protesters.

The authorities have arrested hundreds of protest participants and organizers, and there are allegations of enforced disappearances and torture in custody. Reports trickling out of Bangladesh say that there is ongoing violence in several places where protesters, now joined by members of the political opposition, are clashing with members of the Chhatra League and security forces. Police have backed the Chhatra League attacks instead of arresting those who engaged in violence.

In a television interview, the information minister, Mohammad A. Arafat, reportedly said that the civil unrest could be quelled quickly, but the government was exercising restraint. "The government hasn't even used five percent of its total capability in this," he said. "If it does, it won't take half an hour. But the government is showing patience to avoid casualties."

The UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms prohibit the use of firearms except in cases of imminent threat of death or serious injury. The UN Human Rights Committee, which monitors compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, has stated that "firearms are not an appropriate tool for the policing of assemblies, and must never be used simply to disperse an assembly.… [A]ny use of firearms by law enforcement officials in the context of assemblies must be limited to targeted individuals in circumstances in which it is strictly necessary to confront an imminent threat of death or serious injury."

The 2020 UN guidance on "less-lethal weapons" in law enforcement says: "Multiple projectiles fired at the same time are inaccurate and, in general, their use cannot comply with the principles of necessity and proportionality. Metal pellets, such as those fired from shotguns, should never be used."

The authorities repeatedly deny that Bangladeshi security forces have committed serious human rights violations including extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances, leading to a climate of impunity, Human Rights Watch said. Other governments, including the United Kingdom and the European Union, should place Bangladeshi security forces under increased scrutiny following the designation of human rights sanctions by the US government.

"Bangladeshi authorities have flouted international standards in the past and continue to do so during the ongoing protests," Ganguly said. "The Sheikh Hasina government should take immediate steps to end the crisis, rein in and punish security forces and her party supporters who have committed serious crimes, and protect the rights of protesting students."​
 

One bullet, two lives and endless agony
Wife of fatally shot 19-year-old dies by suicide

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Life had just begun for 19-year-old Jisan Ahmed, a small-time vendor who supplied water to shops in his neighbourhood from his battery-run cycle-van.

Just over a year ago, he married the love of his life Mishti Akter. The newlyweds had known each other for three years before they tied the knot.

However, this blooming love story ended tragically, as both of their lives were brutally cut short.

During a clash between protesters and law enforcers in Shonir Akhra's Rayerbagh area on July 20, Jisan was hit by a bullet, which pierced through his eyebrow and exited through his skull. He died on the spot.
This, however, was not the end to the tragedy.

Unable to bear the pain of losing her husband, Mishti had stopped eating from the very day he was shot dead.

Nine days later, she died by suicide.

"She couldn't bear the thought of living without him," said Jisan's father Babul Sarder, a Bangladeshi working in South Sudan for the past nine years, after travelling from Rangpur to Dhaka following Mishti's burial in her family cemetery yesterday morning.

"She went into shock after my son was killed and was starving herself. She clutched onto his clothes and cried continuously."

Babul had always hoped his son would join him abroad for a better future.

But Jisan was adamant not to leave Mishti behind. Though this frustrated Babul, he ultimately accepted his son's decision.

Jisan was a hardworking young man and made around Tk 700 a day by supplying drinking water.

On the day of the clash, his mother pleaded him to stay home. Jisan, however, insisted on going to work, hoping to earn his daily income.

When he got caught up in the clash, he took shelter in a nearby shop. It was just when he peeked outside to check if the violence had stopped that he was fatally shot.

Babul was in South Sudan at the time and rushed back to the country when he heard of his son's passing.

"My son often wanted to buy a bike but I didn't allow it fearing what if something happened to him ... there would be no one to carry my coffin after I died, as he is my only son. I never imagined that I would be the one carrying my son's coffin instead.

"In Sudan, even the poorest people have AK-47s, but they don't kill innocent people like birds. But my son was killed like one," Babul cried.

"Nobody from the government or police even came to offer their condolences or apologise for such a tragedy in our lives but I saw our prime minister shedding tears over the metro rail, which was built with remittance from people like us.

"The metro rail stations can be repaired but can she give back my son and daughter-in-law?"

"I have left justice up to the Almighty," he added, his voice choked with the grief he must bear for the rest of his life.​
 

Quota protesters announce fresh programmes for tomorrow
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Star File photo

Quota reform protests organisers have announced "March for justice" programme for tomorrow at educational institutions, court premises and major roads, aiming to fulfil of their nine-point demand.

The coordinators made the call in a press release, signed by Abdul Hannan Masooud, a coordinator of the Anti-discrimination Student Movement. Copies of the release were sent to the media around 8:30pm.

They urged students and people to join their programme, which will be held around 12:30pm.

Their demands include an apology from Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, and resignations of Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan, Road Transport and Bridges Minister Obaidul Quader, Education Minister Mohibul Hasan Chowdhoury, Law Minister Anisul Huq, State Minister for Information and Broadcasting Mohammad Ali Arafat, and State Minister for Post, Telecommunications, and Information Technology Zunaid Ahmed Palak.​
 

Killings during quota reform movement: Crossing the red line
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Law enforcement forces of a civilised and democratic country can never use weapons on an indiscriminate, wholesale basis against their own people. FILE PHOTO: AMRAN HOSSAIN

A recent example of what can happen if there is no minimum democratic and governance accountability in a country is the unprecedented brutality shown by the government and the killing of more than 200 people (according to Prothom Alo) during the quota reform movement this month. The agitation, which began following a High Court verdict on June 5 reinstating the quota system in government jobs, was limited to peaceful rallies. But the government did not give due importance to the students' demands and did not even try to negotiate with them, saying that it was a court matter.

The movement turned violent on July 15 when the ruling party's student wing, Bangladesh Chhatra League (BCL), attacked protesting students at several public universities, including Dhaka University. Even after the tragic killing of six youths on July 16 in attacks by police and BCL, the government did not budge. If it had removed the police and BCL men from the streets and had taken the initiative to negotiate with the protesters on their quota reform demand, the subsequent brutal killings could have been avoided.

Analysing 150 of the deaths, Prothom Alo found that students and workers were the majority of the victims of the fatal violence and clashes centring around the quota reform movement. As many as 113 victims (75 percent) were children, teenagers and young adults. Nineteen were children and adolescents including a four-year-old child. Ninety-four were 18-29 years old, 21 were 30-39 years old, and 16 were about 40 years old. At least 45 victims were students of different public and private universities, schools and colleges. Besides, a large number of the dead were labourers, petty traders, shopkeepers, drivers, and low-income earners. The analysis also revealed a horrifying reality: most of the dead bodies bore live bullet injuries, while marks of pellets, rubber bullets or other types of injuries were little.

Usually during a mass movement when thousands of people take to the streets, there is a belief among them that law enforcement agencies will not fire directly on them no matter what. If there is a large number of people in a protest march, there is no fear. One reason for this is the collective power of a large crowd. Another reason is the idea that no state force would open fire on large numbers of people. It is a red line that LEAs around the world would never cross—except those in countries that are ruled by military dictatorship or occupation armies. The LEAs and militaries of any modern state have a wide variety of weapons at their disposal—machine guns, tanks, fighter jets, helicopter gunships, etc—which can kill a large number of people in an instant. But law enforcement forces of any decent civilised and democratic country would never use these weapons on an indiscriminate, wholesale basis against their own people. They simply can't, because crossing this red line means breaking the people's contract with the state. The people give the exclusive power to use force to the state on the condition that this force would be used to protect the people, not to kill them.

That's why in the situation of mass unrest, LEAs use non-lethal weapons and tear gas, charge batons, use water cannons, etc and try their best to disperse people without causing fatal harm. In some extreme cases, if law enforcers are forced to shoot, they usually shoot at legs, and they don't fire indiscriminately in such a way that it might kill not only the demonstrators, but also the pedestrians, shopkeepers, rickshaw pullers, hawkers and even children standing on rooftops or balconies. No law enforcers of any democratic country would directly shoot at the chest, head or eyes of the common people, because they will be held accountable for every shot. Once this red line is crossed, a country's government loses its legitimacy and people's trust.

In Bangladesh, the ruling Awami League-led government has employed the country's law enforcement agencies against the people before. They have been accused of extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and violent suppression of the political opposition's activities. These are also red lines that no democratic government should cross. But this time, the line crossed by the government while suppressing the quota reform movement with authoritarian aggression is completely different. It is one thing to unleash sudden violence on the rallies of opposition parties or commit targeted enforced disappearance or extrajudicial killings, but it is completely another to permit indiscriminate shooting on thousands of agitating protesters, including school, college and university students, who have taken to the streets across the country for several days.

Even after so many killings, there is no credible action on the government's part to admit the wrongdoings or bring the killers to justice. Not only that, cases have been filed against hundreds of thousands of people without proper investigation, and activists and opposition party members are being arrested at a wholesale rate in block raids. This is indicative of more oppressive government action in the coming days.

If the government cannot be pressured strongly and effectively from all quarters for impartial investigations, trials and accountability of these killings, and if the perpetrators get away with killing so many innocent people, including children, the danger will increase even more for the people of the country.

Kallol Mustafa is an engineer and writer who focuses on power, energy, environment and development economics.​
 

Student protests spread to diverse communities
Staff Correspondent 30 July, 2024, 23:29

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Cultural and social organisations stage a demonstration at Zero Point near the Awami League central office in the capital on Tuesday protesting at the murder of students and people during the recent student protests against discriminations. | Sony Ramany

A cross-section of people, including teachers, parents, civil society members, and cultural organisations, have joined the students in expressing solidarity with their demand to ensure justice for killings in the recent quota reform protests and end wholesale arrests.

Thousands of people, which also included journalists, lawyers, politicians, student wings of political parties, and expatriate Bangladeshis, changed their profile pictures on various social media platforms, including Facebook and Instagram, using a red colour following a call made by protesting students.

The Student Movement Against Discrimination on Monday urged students and people from all walks of life to take photos in solo or groups, covering their faces and eyes with red clothes, and share those online as the next move of the protests rejecting a government morning announcement for Tuesday.

Many men and women were seen on Tuesday joining protests in different places clad in red dresses, while some people also masked their faces and foreheads with red fabrics.

Students defied obstacles to block roads and brought out processions in several areas, including Khulna and Kishoreganj, to press home their nine-point charter of demands, including an unconditional apology from prime minister Sheikh Hasina by taking responsibility for the recent killings.

The other demands included the removal of certain ministers from government and party, the sacking of police officials responsible for the killing, and their trial.

Students have announced a fresh programme titled 'March for Justice' for Wednesday, which included marches towards courts, rallies on campuses, and on roads across the country demanding United Nations investigations into the mass killings, wholesale arrests, attacks, cases, and disappearances.

Abdul Hannan Masud, a coordinator of the platform, announced the new programme through a press release on Tuesday.

The protest will also press their nine-point charter of demands, according to the press release.

Parents held a rally on the Dhaka Medical College Hospital premises on Tuesday morning, demanding justice for the killings of their children.

During the rally, a mother was seen holding a placard that read, 'Why Did You Kill My Children.' The police did not allow the group to stay long on the DMCH premises.

In the Gulistan area of the capital, cultural activists held a rally under the banner of 31 cultural organisations and demanded the resignation of the government for killing students and mass people during the quota reform movement.

They also demanded the withdrawal of the ongoing curfew, the end of mass arrests and cases, and the harassment of people in the country.

Police barricaded the cultural activists as they attempted to march towards Bahadur Shah Park in Old Dhaka from Noor Hossain Square at about 3:30pm.

Some cultural activists opted to break open the police barricade, leading to a skirmish.

The cultural activists later performed on the streets, singing songs and reciting poems.

Teachers of different universities, including Jahangirnagar and Rajshahi University, staged demonstrations protesting at police killings, arrests, and repression for the second consecutive day on Tuesday.

A total of 38 JU teachers, under the banner of Teachers' Community Against Oppression, brought out the procession from the university's central Shaheed Minar at about 12:45pm with their faces tied with red ribbons.

Addressing the rally, JU anthropology professor Saed Ferdous said that the quota reform protest was nothing but a voice raised against the government's failure to ensure human rights, democracy, and a hunger-free state.

JU philosophy professor Raihan Ryhne compared the midnight block raids with the Pakistani occupation forces' raids, arrests, and torture during the War of Independence in 1971.

Pro-Bangladesh Nationalist Party lawyers brought out a protest procession on the High Court premises, covering their faces and foreheads with red ribbons to express solidarity with the protesting students.

Students' protests that had been continuing since early July seeking reform in quotas for government jobs turned violent following an attack on protesters by the ruling party student body, the Bangladesh Chhatra League, on July 15.

The resulting backlash prompted the government to launch a brutal crackdown on protesters, leaving at least 213 killed in clashes and their aftermath between July 16 and July 29.

On July 19, the government called in the army and announced a curfew to restore order.

The curfew has since been relaxed from time to time.

Home minister Asaduzzaman Khan, after a high-level meeting at the secretariat on Tuesday, told reporters that the curfew would remain relaxed from 7:00am to 8:00pm in Dhaka, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Narsingdi from Wednesday to Saturday.

The minister said that the decisions of the other districts would be taken by the respective deputy commissioners.​
 
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