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[šŸ‡§šŸ‡©] India's Water Terrorism Against Bangladesh

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No progress on Teesta water sharing deal
Mustafizur Rahman 09 May, 2024, 14:07

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India on Thursday expressed its willingness to support a mega development project on the transboundary River Teesta inside Bangladesh, where China had already shown its interest and completed a survey.

Indian external affairs secretary Vinay Mohan Kwatra conveyed the message during a courtesy call on foreign minister Hasan Mahmud at his Segunbagicha office in Dhaka.

'We have taken a mega project over the Teesta. India is willing to finance it. I said [to him] that the Teesta project would be designed as per our needs. We want to have our needs fulfilled through the project,' Hasan told reporters after the meeting.

Asked about China's interest in implementing the proposed Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project, the foreign minister said that they had only discussed India's willingness to support the mega project.

Vinay Mohan, who arrived in Dhaka on a two-day visit on Wednesday evening, also paid a courtesy call on prime minister Sheikh Hasina at her office.

Later on the day, the Indian foreign secretary had a meeting with his Bangladesh counterpart at the foreign ministry.

About Sheikh Hasina's upcoming visit to India at the invitation of her Indian counterpart, Narendra Modi, the foreign minister said that the date of her visit could not be fixed before the completion of India's ongoing national polls.

New Delhi has long been foot-dragging on the Teesta water-sharing treaty with Dhaka, adversely affecting the lives and livelihoods of the people in the Rangpur region.

'Foreign minister Mahmud raised the water sharing issue of the common rivers, including that of Teesta, and the renewal of the Ganges Water Sharing Treaty,' said a foreign ministry release issued later on the day.

Former foreign secretary Md Touhid Hossain said that he had been in doubt since the beginning whether China would finally be able to get involved in the project in a location that is sensitive to India.

He, however, said that it was not all the same to reach an agreement on anything and implement it.

If India seriously takes the project to counter China, it may go ahead like other projects under the Indian line of credit that are not advancing at an expected pace, he told New Age.

Asked for comment about India's proposal, retired diplomat Munshi Faiz Ahmad said that Bangladesh should weigh both proposals and look into their terms to find a better one.

'First of all, we must see whether India has the technological capacity for the project. Bangladesh should accept the proposal having better terms for us and make both of its friends understand what we want from the project,' said Faiz, also a former chairman of the Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies.

The Teesta becomes almost dry in the lean season due to the unilateral withdrawal of water upstream in India, while in monsoon, the common river overflows, causing frequent floods in Bangladesh as Indian authorities open floodgates at the Gajoldoba barrage to offload water pressure.

Biodiversity and agriculture in Bangladesh's northern districts have been seriously affected in the absence of any water-sharing treaty between Bangladesh and India.

After the finalisation of the draft of the Teesta deal by the two sides, India backtracked on signing the treaty just hours before the arrival of then-Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh in Dhaka on September 6, 2011, on the plea that West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee objected to the agreement.

Indian prime minister Narendra Modi, like his predecessor, continued to promise to conclude the interim agreements on sharing the waters of seven transboundary rivers, the Teesta in particular, amid repeated requests from Bangladesh prime minister Sheikh Hasina on almost every occasion they met.

According to the framework of an interim agreement finalised in 2010, the two sides agreed to share Teesta water on a fair and equitable basis, with the 50:50 water-sharing ratio keeping 20 per cent of the water as environmental flow during the lean season.

'There is no further progress on the Teesta water-sharing deal. We expect the Teesta water sharing treaty could be signed once the two prime ministers agree,' Joint Rivers Commission, Bangladesh member Md Mohammed Abul Hossain told New Age on Thursday.

He, however, said that the Teesta project was not discussed at their level, and he was not aware of the involvement of China in the mega project on the river.

The foreign ministry earlier said that China was willing to support a development project on the transboundary River Teesta inside Bangladesh, and the ministries concerned would consider it.

In case of any dispute from India against the proposed project on one of the common rivers, Bangladesh would go ahead with the proposal, keeping into consideration its geo-political implications, foreign ministry spokesperson Seheli Sabrin told a weekly press briefing at the ministry on December 28, 2023.

'China is one of the biggest development partners of Bangladesh. It has been assisting in infrastructural development here for a long time. China has also expressed willingness to support a development project on the River Teesta inside Bangladesh,' she said on the day.

Asked to what extent Dhaka would take into cognizance India's possible dispute over Chinese engagement along the bordering river that flows into Bangladesh's northern district Lalmonirhat from the North Eastern Region of India, Seheli, also director general of the public diplomacy wing of the foreign ministry, said that it was difficult for her to respond to such a 'hypothetical question.'

She, however, said that Dhaka would consider the geopolitical implications of the project in case New Delhi raised a dispute against the Chinese proposal for the Teesta development project inside Bangladesh.

The Chinese ambassador to Bangladesh, Yao Wen, said at an event in Dhaka on December 21 that the country had already sent a revised proposal to Bangladesh on the 'Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project,' lowering its costs.

Expressing hope that work on the Teesta water management project would start after the national elections in Bangladesh, he said, 'We have proposed implementing the project in phases.'

Originating in Sikkim in India and entering Bangladesh through Lalmonirhat, the 315-kilometre-long Teesta travels more than 150 kilometres through half a dozen other districts, including Rangpur, Gaibandha, Nilphamari, and Kurigram, before merging with the Jamuna River at Fulchhari.

A survey on the river was completed in 2019 by the Power Construction Corporation of China under the Bangladesh Water Development Board of the water resources ministry.

The development works incorporate river dredging, construction of dams and reservoirs in the project area, according to BWDB officials.

A visit by the then Chinese ambassador Li Jiming to the Teesta Barrage in Lalmonirhat in 2022 showed Beijing's keen interest in funding and implementing the 'Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project', they said.

The BWDB officials said that they had been negotiating a nearly $1 billion loan from China through the Economic Relations Division.

The project aimed at upgrading the socio-economic condition of the Rangpur division by establishing new economic growth points along both banks of the river, preventing floods, and removing slits from the river bed, according to the primary plan.​
 

Bangladesh caught in a geopolitical tug-of-war: Bangladesh maintains balance between Chinese & Indian offers
10 May 2024, 12:00 am

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Diplomatic Correspondent :

Bangladesh faces a tough decision as both China and India express interest in financing the Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project.

This crucial project aims to alleviate water scarcity in Bangladesh's northern regions.

China has been actively pursuing the Teesta project for years, hoping to secure the contract; however, in a surprising turn of events, India's Foreign Secretary offered to finance the project during recent talks with Bangladesh.

This proposal likely stems from India's concerns about the project's proximity to its border.

As the situation escalates, Bangladesh faces problems as it has relationships with both countries. India is a historical partner with shared borders and rivers. The current government has also strengthened ties with India.

However, China has become a significant strategic partner with ongoing projects in Bangladesh.

Foreign Minister Hasan Mahmud made it clear on the issue that Bangladesh will choose the partner who best addresses its needs for the Teesta project.

It is known that the Teesta River is considered the lifeline of the northern regions for irrigation and conservation of aquatic life and environment, but the unilateral withdrawal of water and the setting up of numerous dams on this international river by India have worsened the situation.

Amid this situation, Bangladesh has decided to undertake a project to save the river and its surrounding territories.

According to the Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration project, it would create a 100-kilometre embankment on both sides of the river, 115-kilometre four-lane roads on the river banks, a massive drainage system, the construction of satellite cities, the dredging of 108 km of the river, and the preservation of assets worth Tk 1130 billion.

Besides, the project will generate huge job opportunities for the locals of the area.

Apart from Teesta, they have also talked about another sensitive issue: the border killings.

Hasan Mahmud said that he had a comprehensive discussion with Vinay Kwatra regarding this issue.

"We have emphasised not to use lethal weapons. He (Kwatra) has informed us that India has given instructions to their border security forces. And they follow that. There is no lack of sincerity between the two countries at the governmental and political levels regarding this."

Asked about the fact the fact that Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has scheduled visits to both India and China at a very close time, Hasan Mahmud did not reveal which visit would take place first.

However, he said, "Delhi is closer; Beijing is a bit farther away." Regarding electricity imports from Nepal via India, Hasan Mahmud said, "We have talked about the physical connectivity.

The discussion has progressed, especially Regarding electricity imports from Nepal to India, Hasan Mahmud said, "We have discussed physical connectivity. It has progressed significantly, especially cooperating with Nepal and Bhutan in allowing transit and importing hydropower from these two countries."

"Everything has been finalised regarding importing hydropower from Nepal. Discussions on tariffs have also largely concluded. This will go to our procurement committee. If it happens, we will be able to import 40 megawatts of electricity from Nepal through India," he concluded.

They have also talked about the easing of Indian visa processing so that Bangladeshi citizens can obtain visas without much difficulty.​
 

Dhaka shouldn't entertain Delhi's Teesta project finance proposal
11 May, 2024, 00:00

INDIA which has since 2010 put on hold the signing of an agreement on the sharing of the water of the River Teesta has now offered to finance a large-scale project of Bangladesh for the comprehensive management and the restoration of the river in which China has already showed interest and carried out a survey. The absence of an agreement on the sharing of the Teesta water leaves five districts in Bangladesh's north ā€” Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari and Rangpur through which the river flows ā€” dry in the lean season because of the unilateral withdrawal of water upstream by India and leaves the region frequently inundated in the monsoon season as India opens all floodgates, often without any intimation. India backtracked on the signing of the agreement hours before India's prime minister arrived in Dhaka on September 6, 2011 after it had been finalised in 2010 with two sides agreeing a 50:50 sharing formula provisioning for 20 per cent of the water as the environmental flow. Experts have for long sounded warning that all this has added to risks of desertification of Bangladesh's north. India's external affairs secretary, who arrived in Dhaka on a two-day visit on May 8, conveyed New Delhi's willingness to finance the development on the cross-border Teesta when he called on Bangladesh's foreign minister.

China, considered one of the biggest development partners of Bangladesh, completed a survey on the river in 2019 and is reported to have sent a revised proposal, as China's ambassador said in Dhaka on December 21, 2023, to Bangladesh, lowering the project costs. China's ambassador also visited the Teesta Barrage in Lalmonirhat in 2022. The Foreign Office spokesperson, in such a situation, says that Dhaka would consider geopolitical implications of the project in case New Delhi raised a dispute against China's proposal for the Teesta development project. Some experts say that they had doubted whether China could finally get involved in the project on a location so sensitive to India. Many believe that even if India could counter China in the project, it would reach the same fate as other projects under India's line of credit have done. Almost no no such project has progressed at the desired pace. Dhaka should not, therefore, entertain such a proposal of New Delhi for financing the project for the development of the River Teesta that is meant to improve the socio-economic condition in Bangladesh's north by, among others, setting up economic growth points along both the banks, preventing flood, dredging the river bed and constructing dams and reservoirs in the catchment area because such a deplorable situation has resulted mainly from India's putting on hold the Teesta water sharing agreement.​
 

Bangladesh-India water resources minister-level meeting after Lok Sabha polls: Verma
Published :
May 13, 2024 18:43
Updated :
May 13, 2024 19:24

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The minister-level meeting of Bangladesh-India water resources ministry is likely to be held after India's Lok Sabha election, hoped Indian High Commissioner to Bangladesh Pranay Verma in Dhaka on Monday today.

"The secretary-level meeting of the water resources ministries of the two countries will be held soon, and the minister-level meeting after the ongoing India's Lok Sabha polls, he said.

Verma disclosed this when he made a courtesy call on State Minister for Water Resources Zahid Faruk at the latter's secretariat office here, BSS reported citing an official handout.

During the meeting, they discussed issues relating to bilateral interests, ranging from the expansion of cooperation in the water resources sector between the two friendly countries.

Lauding India for extending cooperation to Bangladesh's development sectors, the state minister requested the Indian government to continue the cooperation in the future for the benefit of the people of the two friendly countries.

In this connection, he expressed gratitude for India's cooperation during Bangladesh's 1971 War of Liberation.

In response, the high commissioner made it clear that India's cooperation in Bangladesh's development will continue in the days to come. Besides, he said India is also working to carry forward Bangladesh-India relations for the welfare of the two nations.​
 

The political economy of Teesta river
HASNAT ABDUL HYE
Published :
May 14, 2024 21:31
Updated :
May 14, 2024 21:31

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Teesta River in Rangpur Photo : Collected Photo

There was nothing unusual about the visit of the Indian foreign secretary to Bangladesh last week. Given the fact of being the closest and most pervasive neighbour of Bangladesh and having a very cordial mutual relation, to boot, such visits may be considered as routine. But when the visiting dignitary called on Bangladesh foreign minister and told him that India wanted to finance the Comprehensive Teesta River Management Project it must have come as a great surprise. It may have been embarrassing also to the foreign minister of Bangladesh. The surprise is because of the late reaction by India to the project that is almost eight years' old and is one in the basket of projects earmarked for financing by China that moved beyond the drawing board some years back. Embarrassment stems from the fact that India, that was supposed to sign Teesta river water sharing agreement in 2011 but has failed to do so during a period of long fifteen years, should now be eager to finance a project that has resulted in no small measure from the failure to sign the promised agreement. Given these facts, the recent declaration of intent to participate in the implementation of the project by the Indian foreign secretary is nothing less than a diplomatic faux pas. One credited Indian foreign ministry with a better sense of savoir faire and panache than this crass and amateurish behaviour.

The topic of Teesta river has become a saga of two neighbouring countries entwined in political economy spread over past several decades. It is a river shared by two countries, India and Bangladesh. So it is natural for one side to become interested in its developments in projects that are meant to manage its flows. But it cannot be a blanket interest irrespective of one side's experience at the receiving end. If the impact of one side's intervention is not on the economy of the other, then the interest or concern shown by the latter can only be inferred to stem from politics. If it is the latter, the moot point is whether it is domestic politics or real politick or geo- politic? Any response to the interest or concern shown by one country to the management of the shared river by the other has to take this into account. But first of all, the backdrop to the declaration of interest by India about the Comprehensive Teesta River Management Project has to be gone through to know why the present development viz the project has taken place.

Teesta is the fourth largest river of Bangladesh, including Brahmaputra, Padma and Meghna. Originating in Sikkim, India, it has a total length of 414 kilometres and flows through eight districts in the state of West Bengal and Rangpur district of Bangladesh where it meets with river Brahmaputra. The mean annual flow of Teesta is 60 billion cubic meters. A significant part of this flows during monsoon season (June to August) but during the lean winter season (September to May) the flow dwindles to as low as 500 cubic meters per second (cusec). According to a report prepared by the Water Development Board of Bangladesh (WDB) in 2013, the floodplain of Teesta covers 14 per cent of the total cropped area of the country. It is estimated that out of 40 million people living in the Teesta river basin more than 30 million are on the Bangladesh side. Teesta river is the main source of water for surface irrigation in six districts of Bangladesh - Nilphamary, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Bogra, Gaibandha and Joypurhat.

In 1998 the Teesta Barrage Project was completed with a command area of 75,000 hectares as command area in the six districts. But because of many barrages built for irrigation and projects for power generation in Sikkim and West Bengal, water flow available for Bangladesh has drastically reduced, adversely affecting irrigation in the command area of the Teesta barrage project. According to an estimate by WDB, before West Bengal constructed a barrage in Gajaldoba in 1995 the water flow at the border point of Dalia was 671,000 cusec. After Gajaldoba became operational the flow was drastically reduced, coming as low as 2,000 cusec in winter. This has adversely affected irrigated agriculture, forcing farmers to seek irrigation from underground water, using deep and shallow tube-wells. As a result of this the water level in the northern districts has gone down in recent years, by 10 meters, according to WDB. The impact of reduced water available for irrigation on production of food and other winter crops has been significant and serious. According to the International Food Research Institute (IFFRI), based in Washington, Bangladesh lost about 1.5 million tonnes of boro rice annually because of water shortage in the command area of Teesta barrage. This is about 8.9 per cent of the total rice production of Bangladesh. The findings of IFRI estimated that rice production in Bangladesh may be reduced by 8 per cent by 2030 and 14 per cent by 2050 because of reduced water flow in Teesta.

Considering the crucial importance of Teesta river for its agrarian economy, the government of Bangladesh has held negotiations with India for an equitable sharing if the river's water flow over several decades. In 1983 an agreement was reached for ad hoc sharing of the river water for five years that would lead to a final agreement. But the implementation of the ad hoc sharing was delayed by India. Finally, a consensus was reached between river experts of the two countries and the Teesta river agreement was slated for signing in 2011. According to the agreement, India would receive 42.5 per cent and Bangladesh 37.5 per cent of the water flow in winter season for 15 years ( till 2026) after which it will be reviewed for renewal. But Mr Manmohan Singh, then Indian prime minister, during his visit to Dhaka in 2011 did not sign the agreement without citing any reason. Bangladesh was surprised and greatly disappointed. Later it transpired that the state of West Bengal had objected to the agreement on the ground that it would affect farmers in the Teesta river basin in West Bengal. Under the constitution of India, the federal government is authorised to sign agreement with another country on any subject including river water. It is implicit in this that the federal government would consult concerned states before finalising an agreement that may have any implication for the states. That the government of India did not comply with this requirement and took the government of West Bengal into confidence came as a surprise to policy makers in Bangladesh. Dismayed, the government of Bangladesh continued its diplomatic efforts for the conclusion of the agreement that was considered equitable by both sides. Narendra Modi, who succeeded Manmohan Singh as India's prime minister, renewed 'India's commitment' to sign the Teesta river agreement on the occasion of his visit to Bangladesh and Bangladesh prime minister's visit to India. But nothing tangible has come out of these diplomatic efforts so far. On the other hand, Bangladesh has been expanding its co-operation with India on a wide front, the most important of which is giving transit facilities. It is unfortunate that these friendly acts have not been reciprocated by India, at least not in the case of sharing Teesta river.

In 2016 China's president Xi Jinping visited Bangladesh when a memorandum of understanding was signed between the two countries for implementation of projects worth $24 billion. A project for the management of Teesta river in Bangladesh was included in the portfolio that came to be known as the Comprehensive Teesta River Management and Control Project. It will be implemented by WDB and the Power Corporation of China which signed a memorandum of agreement at the time of President Xi's visit to Dhaka. On the basis of a feasibility study by the Power Corporation of China, an implementation plan has been drawn up which was approved by both sides in 2019. It was given the status of a priority project in June, 2020. The project is envisaged to be completed by 2025.

India has now, at this stage, expressed its desire to participate in the project. On the face of it, the very idea of any other country to come forward as a financier is preposterous. Firstly, it is a bi-lateral project that does not leave any room for participation by another country. Secondly, neither of the countries, Bangladesh and China, has requested India to participate in the implementation of the project. Thirdly, if it is the case is that India, feeling guilty for its failure to sign the Teesta river agreement, wants to make amends then it should have come up with the idea much before the Bangladesh-China bilateral project was taken up. It is too late now for India to participate in a joint project over Teesta.

The important question is why does India want to finance the Comprehensive Teesta River Management Project? Does it affect India's economy in West Bengal or India in any way ? Of course not, because the project is in the downstream within Bangladesh territory. The implementation of the project will not affect India's economy. Then why is India interested? The answer is obvious: politics, geopolitics to be more precise. India does not want to see China expanding its footprint in its neighbourhood.

Bangladesh has been walking the diplomatic tightrope of being good partners with both India and China for a long while. It has succeeded in maintaining this balance, though the going has not been easy. This time around, the response to India's overture is simple. India should be told that having entered into an agreement with China over Teesta river would not affect the Indian part of the river upstream at all. So, the government of Bangladesh does not find any reason to consider India's proposal. If India would deign to put pressure on Bangladesh on this, nevertheless that would be one pressure too many.​
 

Historic Farakka Long March Day today: IFC urges govt to save common rivers
16 May 2024, 12:00 am

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Staff Reporter :

The International Farakka Committee (IFC) has called on the government and all stakeholders to work together to protect Bangladesh's 54 common rivers and environment.

Their statement coincides with Farakka Long March Day, which commemorates a historic march led by Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani in 1976 to protest India's withdrawal of water from the Ganges River.

The IFC lauded Bhasani's movement, which ultimately led to the signing of the 1977 Ganges water treaty. However, the situation has deteriorated with water being diverted from all 54 shared rivers, causing water scarcity during dry seasons and floods during monsoons.

Bangladesh shares 57 transboundary rivers, 54 with India and 3 with Myanmar. The 1977 treaty, due to expire in two years, doesn't guarantee Bangladesh's dry season water share due to unregulated diversions upstream of Farakka.

The Teesta River exemplifies the problem with India diverting its entire dry season flow, while opening all gates during the monsoon, causing floods and erosion in Bangladesh which displaces families and damages crops every year.

Moulana Bhasani's historic Farakka Long March, done just six months before his death, thus remains relevant to this day. The great leader united the people in favour of the demand for the due share of water in the Ganges. The people now should get due shares of all 54 common rivers to protect the riverine country from environmental decline, loss of life, and livelihoods.

The IFC leaders urged the government to pursue the path of basinwide sustainable and integrated management of the common rivers to keep those alive up to the sea and protect Bangladesh created by them over the millennia.

The signatories to the statement were Sayed Tipu Sultan, secretary general; Mohammad Hossain Khan, joint secretary general; Ataur Rahman Ata, organising secretary of IFC New York; Prof. Jasim Uddin Ahmad, president; Syed Irfanul Bari, general secretary of IFC Bangladesh; and Mostafa Kamal Majumder, coordinator, IFC.​
 

Teesta project: Does Bangladesh have no alternative to China and India?

China had given Bangladesh a proposal regarding the management of the river Teesta. According to media reports, recently India has given Bangladesh a similar proposal. What is in these proposals regarding the management of Teesta? Will these offer any permanent solution to the problems of the river? Given the prevailing economic realities, what should Bangladesh actually do? Nazrul Islam searches for answers.
Nazrul Islam
Updated: 16 May 2024, 23: 07

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The issue of Teesta arose once again during the recent two-day visit of India's foreign secretary to Bangladesh. Before his visit, India's influential daily The Hindu reported that China's project for Teesta in Bangladesh was a matter of concern for India. After all, it was located near the strategically important Siliguri corridor and northeastern states. Elaborating on the background of the project, it was noted that India had failed to finalise the Teesta water-sharing agreement, which served to heighten Dhaka's impatience over the future of river-related initiatives. (Jugantor, 8 May 2024)

It seems, ostensibly, that one of the major objectives of the secretary's Dhaka trip was to keep Bangladesh away from China's Teesta-related project. During the trip, the Indian secretary offered Indian funding for the Teesta project. This can be called a proposal to "implement China's project with the exclusion of China."

Back in 2016 there was talk of a plan drawn up by PowerChina regarding Teesta. That year before the Dhaka visit of China's President Xi Jinping, PowerChina drew up a comprehensive management project for Bangladesh's major rivers.

At the outset, this initiative was centred on the river Jamuna. However, at the request of Bangladesh Water Development Board, Teesta river was included too. In continuance to this, PowerChina drew up the billion dollar 'Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project'.

The Bangladesh government has apparently maintained a strict "policy of secrecy" regarding this project from the very beginning. As representatives of the people, the government of Bangladesh takes loans for such projects and it is the people who in some way or the other have to repay these loans. So it is not comprehensible why the people will not know about this project and not be able to express their views in this regard.

It is even more ironic that PowerChina has made a video regarding this project and has publicised this worldwide over YouTube. So rather than learning about a project involving their own country from their own government, the people of Bangladesh got to know about it from a foreign company.

All said and done, Bangladesh's investigative journalists managed to dig out some information about the project, such as the preliminary development project proposal (PDPP). From this PDPP and PowerChina's video, as well as from other sources, we have managed to get some sort of idea about the project.

Professor of geology at the Commonwealth University in the US, Md Khalequzzaman, carried out research on the basis of such information. In light of available data, information and research, I presented detailed deliberation on the Teesta mega plan in two books. These two books are 'Bangladeshe Pani Unnayan: Bortoman Dharar Shongkot Ebong Bikolpo Pother Prostab (2023) and Water Development in Bangladesh: Past, Present and Future (2022). The two books talk about alternative strategies for the development of the Teesta basin.

Data, information and research tell us that the basic proposal of China's project is to cut Teesta river's present average breadth of around 3km to 0.816 metres (that is around one-fourth). By this, around 171 sq km of land can be recovered and used for urbanisation, establishing a solar power project, agriculture development and establishing settlements.

The project says that by means of dredging, the depth of Teesta will be increased from the present 5 metres to 10 metres (that is, double). It is expected that this will increase Teesta's navigability. The project has more proposals for construction of jetties, ports and roads.

From its name it is clear that PowerChina's main area of work is power generation. This company is working as construction contractors for several power project companies in Bangladesh. It is not clear from when, how, and how far this company became expert in the field of river management.

Given this backdrop, it is not very surprising that PowerChina has come up with an "disquieting" proposal for the river Teesta. It is clear that if the river's breadth is reduced to one-fourth, even of its depth doubled, the river's cross-section will be half and of the volume of its flow remains the same, the velocity of its flow will be double. As a result, erosion in Teesta's sandy river basin will intensify and the embankments on the river banks will not be able to withstand this.

Around 50 million tonnes of silt flows in with the river Teesta annually. So the increased depth of Teesta brought about by dredging will soon decrease. This will make the erosion of the banks worse. And it will be even more difficult for Teesta with its drastically narrowed breadth to contain the compounded flow of water during the monsoon and flash floods.

The bottom line is, PowerChina's Teesta project will not offer any permanent solution to the problems of this river. Given these circumstances, it would not be wise of Bangladesh to go ahead with this project.

Bangladesh Environmental Network (BEN) from 2013 has been urging the government to take up a 'transit in exchange of rivers' policy. It is a matter of regret that the government did not adopt this. On the contrary, it has given India transit, transshipment, port, and river route facilities, being given nothing in exchange.

Under such circumstances, it is sheer irony for the Indian foreign secretary to come along with a proposal to fund the Teesta-related project instead of increasing its flow. It would not bode well for Bangladesh in the long run to go ahead to implement this project with loans either from China or India.

It must be kept in mind that the scope for Bangladesh to indiscriminately take loans to implement questionable projects has come to an end. As it is, Bangladesh's accumulated foreign debt has reached around USD 1 billion (USD 100 crore) and the liability for annual repayment of foreign loans is around USD 5 billion.

In the next couple of years when debts from other project loans including of Rooppur loom up, this liability will grow further and a crisis may emerge. Bangladesh has already borrowed around USD 5 billion from IMF to replay foreign debt. Media reports say efforts are also being made to borrow from the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, etc. In a situation of "taking loans to replay loans", the sooner the questionable PowerChina project is shelved, the better.

So what is the way out for Bangladesh? There are two ways.

One is, ensuring that India gives Bangladesh its due rights to Teesta river. If Indian genuinely wants good for Bangladesh regarding Teesta, then it must stop withdrawing water from Teesta in the dry season by means of the Gajoldoba barrage. India's central government claims it can do nothing as West Bengal is not acquiescing. There is little scope to unearth the truth behind such excuses. There are 15 more constructed, under-construction and planned structures, including the Gajoldoba barrage, to obstruct and withdraw water along upstream Teesta -- and all of these are projects of India's central government.

Flash floods for Bangladesh are another fallout of the Gajoldoba and other barrages constructed on Teesta. As it is Teesta is prone of flash floods. Now those operating the Gajoldoba barrage, open the barrage gates at their convenience, resulting in flashfloods in Bangladesh's Teesta basin. There were flash floods around seven times last year. For the people of Bangladesh's Teesta basin, India's stance may seem like, "we'll inundate you with floods, scorch you with drought."

With an adequate number of countries ratifying the 1997 UN convention for use of international watercourses, the convention has come into effect. The convention clearly states the rules and regulations that countries must follow regarding the use of common rivers. This convention projects the rights of the downstream countries. Bangladesh must ratify this convention and call upon India to ratify it too.

It must be noted that simply good intentions are not enough to ensure one's rights regarding rivers. In this instance, just as India is taking advantage of its geographical location, Bangladesh too must make use of its opportunities. It is from this angle that Bangladesh Environmental Network (BEN) from 2013 has been urging the government to take up a 'transit in exchange of rivers' policy.

It is a matter of regret that the government did not adopt this. On the contrary, it has given India transit, transshipment, port, and river route facilities, being given nothing in exchange. This has diminished Bangladesh's leverage to earn its rightful demand from India. Even so, Bangladesh must make all-out efforts to ensure its rights from India regarding common rivers as recognised in the UN 1997 convention.

The other way out is, to go ahead for the restoration of the Teesta basin in a manner best suited for the country's conditions, with local expertise and people's participation, instead of running after foreign funding, consultation, so-called expertise, etc. Teesta must be reconnected with all its tributaries and branches. All old canals, drains, bils and other water bodies must be restored and connected.

If all these tasks can be carried out, then extra water flow during the monsoons can be contained, irrigation water will be available in winter and flash floods can be tackled. The sooner Bangladesh advances toward in these two directions, the better.

* Dr Nazrul Islam is visiting professor, Asian Growth Research Institute and former chief of development research at the UN.​
 

Call resonates to sign basin-based water treaties with India
19 May 2024, 1:55 am

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Staff Reporter :

A discussion meeting held on Saturday at the Jatiya Press Club commemorated the historic Farakka Long March, led by the late Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani.

Speakers at the event, organized by the International Farakka Committee (IFC), highlighted the vital role of river waters in safeguarding Bangladesh's existence and sovereignty.

The discussions revolved around the impact of the Farakka Barrage, constructed by India on the Ganges River.

Speakers recalled that in May 1976, just months before his passing, Maulana Bhasani led a historic Long March demanding an end to India's unilateral withdrawal of Ganges water.

Concerns were raised about India opening the Farakka Barrage on a trial basis without a formal agreement for water sharing on this transboundary river.

This unilateral action, speakers noted, resulted in a significant decrease in water flow reaching Bangladesh, severely impacting agriculture, fisheries, and riverine transportation.

The Farakka Long March, however, is remembered as a pivotal moment in Bangladesh's history.

The movement fostered national unity and garnered international support for Bangladesh's water rights. This collective effort ultimately led to the signing of the first Ganges Water Sharing Treaty in 1977.

The discussion featured prominent figures, including Jatiya Party Chairman Mustafa Jamal Haider as the chief guest.

Writer Siraj Uddin Sathi, Sheikh Rafiqul Islam Bablu (President of Bhasani Anusari Parishad), Mostafizur Rahman Iran (Chairman of Bangladesh Labour Party), Gaziul Hasan Khan (former Chief Editor of BSS), and Rashed Prodhan (JAGPA senior vice-president) all participated in the event, chaired by IFC Coordinator Mostafa Kamal Majumder.

Speakers underscored that the importance of the Farakka Long March resonates more than ever today. The speakers further said that Bangladesh faces a new challenge as water diversion upstream on 54 out of 57 rivers are shared with India. This unilateral withdrawal is causing rivers like the Teesta to dry up, devastating agricultural yields and livelihoods.

Jatiya Party Chairman Mustafa Jamal Haider, delivering the keynote address, emphasized the critical threat, he said, "India's actions are destroying Bangladesh's rivers and water resources, leading to desertification." He urged for national unity to confront this challenge. "Our lands are shaped by rivers," he declared. "Water and sovereignty are one and the same."

Dr. Mostafizur Rahman echoed these concerns, highlighting the dire consequences of water withdrawal from Bangladesh's shared rivers. He stressed the importance of educating younger generations about the significance of the Farakka Long March.

Siraj Uddin Sathi spoke about the necessity of national unity in securing Bangladesh's water rights. He pointed out a concerning disparity: "India has voices raised against the Farakka Barrage, while Bangladesh seems silent on the issue."

The impending expiration of the Ganges Water Sharing Treaty in 2026 and the lack of a Teesta River agreement were also addressed. Speakers urged the government to leverage national consensus in pursuing basin-based water-sharing agreements with India for all shared rivers.​
 

China proposal on Teesta project feasibility under consideration: PM
She apprises parliament during question hour
Published :
Jun 13, 2024 00:52
Updated :
Jun 13, 2024 00:52

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The government is considering a proposal for a detailed feasibility study for implementation of the Teesta river-restoration and-management project, said Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina as the question arose in parliament Wednesday.
She was responding to the question raised by lawmaker Hamidul Huq Khondker of Kurigram-2 constituency, close by the border river that dries up in summer and overflows in rainy season and thus affects life and economic activity in vast northern area.

Detailing on the status of the multipurpose barrage scheme, the prime minister said with a view to implementing the Tk 821-billion project the government had prepared a preliminary development project proposal and sent it to the Economic Relations Division for seeking foreign assistance.

"At the 51st meeting of an ERD committee that is responsible for mobilising foreign funds, it was decided that a proposal would be sent to China for funding the project on easier terms," she said.

Bangladesh sent the PDPP of the project to China in March 2021, through the Chinese Embassy, seeking loan for implementation of the project.

After evaluating the PDPP, the Chinese government identified some weaknesses in the project and they sent their recommendations on the project to the government in March this year.

"The Chinese government, in their evaluation, mentioned a lack of detailed proposal on land development and water navigation. They also suggested downsizing the project through excluding some of the components and also recommended implementing the project in phases," the premier told the House.

A Chinese company, 'Power China', had sent a proposal to the Water Development Board for detailed feasibility study of the project, which is now under consideration of the development, she apprised the lawmakers.

Earlier, responding to another question from Farida Yasmin MP, Prime Minister Hasina told the parliament that BNP senior vice-chairman Tarique Zia and 14 other convicts of the August 21, 2004 grenade-attack case are fugitives.

To the question from the treasury-bench lawmaker, Farida Yasmin, during the question-answer session, Sheikh Hasina said 34 convicts were arrested while 15 others, including Tarique Rahman alias Tarique Zia, are fugitives out of 49 in total.

The Leader of the House said a total of 49 accused got various sentences that include capital punishment and life-term imprisonment in the trial of the grenade case in Dhaka's Speedy Trial Tribunal No-1 on October 10, 2018.

"Of the convicts, 19 were sentenced to death, 19 others to life imprisonment while the rest 11 to various jail terms," she added.​
 

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