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[🇧🇩] Monitoring Bangladesh's Economy

[🇧🇩] Monitoring Bangladesh's Economy
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IMF begins talks on fresh loans
Interim govt expects $6b budget support by next June

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) headquarters building is seen in Washington, U.S., April 8, 2019. REUTERS

The third review mission of International Monetary Fund (IMF) yesterday entered into discussions with the interim government of Bangladesh regarding potential conditions for a fresh $3 billion loan.

The IMF mission, whose primary task is to assess the country's progress in meeting its criteria for releasing the fourth tranche of a $4.7 billion loan, will continue the discussions until December 17.

The IMF mission led by Chris Papadakis held separate meetings with Finance Adviser Salehuddin Ahmed and Bangladesh Bank Governor Ahsan H Mansur alongside other senior officials.

"We discussed the disbursal of the existing loan package and also sought extra funds. As the government is going for many reforms, it will need more money," Ahmed said after the meeting.

But other than financing reforms, particularly in the banking sector and revenue collection, the funds will also be needed to address any deficit in the country's current account and foreign exchange reserve.

Having already sought funds for its reform activities, the government is expecting a total commitment of $6 billion from the World Bank, IMF, OPEC Fund and others by next June, he added.

After taking office in August, the interim government said it would seek an additional $3 billion loan from the IMF to reduce the existing pressure on the foreign exchange reserves.

On the last week of September, an IMF mission came to take stock of the country's economic situation and what it requires to recover.

In October, Bangladesh opened discussions with the IMF regarding the new loan in a sideline meeting when Ahmed visited Washington to attend the annual meeting of the World Bank and IMF.

Following this discussion, the mission came to Bangladesh to review the country's performance and compliance with structural reform conditions for the fourth tranche of the $4.7 billion loan.

The finance adviser informed that the mission came to observe the country's condition in terms of revenue collection, its fiscal deficit, GDP growth, and inflation.

"They want to know what strategies the government has taken and will take. The mission also will meet with the central bank to see what steps were taken to reform the banking sector," he said.

Ahmed also informed that the government had argued that stability has returned to the banking sector in part.

"Already, the foreign exchange rate is not fluctuating heavily like in previous months," he said.

Besides, even a troubled lender like Islami Bank is starting to perform well even though it initially needed liquidity support.

"So, all other the banks will also soon become financially stable," he hoped.

Regarding the economic situation, Ahmed said inward remittance was at a satisfactory level and export growth was not low either.

Furthermore, Ahmed said although imports are still low, they have been increasing lately, with the interim government working to raise the inadequate level of capital machinery imports.

"Whatever measure we take will be good for the country in the long run. Besides, we will not take any whimsical steps that the next government cannot follow," he said.

"The IMF will give some targets (for the new loan) and we will try to fulfil them," Ahmed added.

The IMF mission expressed satisfaction about the reform activities of Bangladesh Bank but is concerned about the stubbornly high inflation rate, according to central bank officials present at the meeting.

The central bank officials told the IMF mission that the policy rate has been increased twice and inflation has not been tamed. Still, they expect it will at least relieve some of the inflationary pressure.

"The IMF mission said the policy rate could be increased further if inflation does not come under control," said a Bangladesh Bank official on condition of anonymity.

The multilateral lender approved the $4.7 billion loan in January 2023. Bangladesh has already received $2.3 billion of the total amount in three tranches.

Of the $2.3 billion received so far, $1.1 billion arrived as the third tranche in June this year.​
 
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Gen Z: Shaping the future of business

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Generation Z, popularly known as Gen Z, is a term used to represent people born between the late 1990s and early 2000s. This demographic cohort presently accounts for approximately 30 percent of the global population. It is estimated that Gen Z will account for 27 percent of the global workforce by 2025.

The situation in Bangladesh is no different. It is a young country with a median age of around 28 years. Individuals aged 10 to 24 years, which includes a substantial portion of Gen Z, make up about 30 percent of the country's total population.

As this generation comes of age and enters the workforce and consumer markets, their distinct characteristics, values, and behaviours will significantly influence how businesses operate and engage with customers. Gen Z exhibits certain attributes that differentiate them from previous generations, such as Millennials, Generation X, and Baby Boomers. Understanding these attributes is crucial for businesses.

This generation is overwhelmingly tech-savvy; highly proficient in using technology and digital tools for communication, entertainment, education and shopping. This digital fluency shapes their preferences for instant access to information and services.

As this generation grew up at the peak of globalisation, they are very inclusive and value diversity. Gen Z is genuinely concerned about social issues like climate change, racism, inequality, etc. They tend to be very pragmatic and realistic as they have experienced economic uncertainty, political instability and global crises.

This generation appreciates collaboration and teamwork but authenticity and self-expression do matter to them as well. While they have relatively shorter attention spans caused by social media, it is because of the internet and social media that they are exposed to different cultures, ideas and lifestyles, leading to a broader understanding of global issues and a desire for interconnectedness.

This cohort prefers to spend money on travel, events and activities that enrich their experiences rather than on traditional consumer goods. Mental health is a foremost concern for them.

Organisations need to understand and adapt to Gen Z's preferences to thrive in an increasingly competitive landscape. Businesses need to invest in social media marketing, influencer collaborations and interactive content to effectively reach and engage this generation. Companies have to develop sustainable products, prioritise ethical sourcing and create offerings that align with the social issues important to this generation.

Organisations that connect with this cohort emotionally and demonstrate a commitment to their values will foster loyalty. Companies have to embrace technology to meet the expectations of this tech-savvy generation. Flexible work arrangements, mental health support and professional development opportunities are some of the critical topics to attract and retain this group.

Some global companies have already adapted their business strategies, marketing approaches and product offerings to align with the values and preferences of Gen Z. For example, Nike has incorporated sustainable practices into its production processes, creating eco-friendly product lines like the "Move to Zero" initiative, which aims to reduce waste and carbon emissions. Starbucks engages with Gen Z through its social media presence, promoting causes like racial equality. Netflix has adapted its content strategy to cater to Gen Z's diverse tastes and preferences. The streaming service produces original content that reflects the experiences and challenges faced by this generation, such as shows addressing mental health, social justice, and identity.

Bangladeshi businesses should gear up to understand and adapt to these characteristics of Gen Z for engaging effectively with this influential cohort as they continue to shape the business.

The author is chairman and managing director of BASF Bangladesh Limited​
 
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IMF asks to raise tax-GDP ratio by 0.6 percentage points

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has asked to increase the tax to GDP ratio by 0.6 percentage points by the end of this fiscal year to make up for last fiscal year's revenue collection shortfall.

Last fiscal year, the ratio stood at 7.3 percent.

As per conditions of an existing loan of the Washington-based lender, the ratio was supposed to be increased by 0.5 percentage points every year.

"But the IMF asked to raise the ratio…for the current fiscal year to mitigate last year's shortfall… It will definitely create an extra burden on us," said a top official of the National Board of Revenue (NBR) yesterday.

The issue was raised during a scheduled closed-door meeting between an IMF delegation and NBR officials at the tax authority's Agargaon headquarters in Dhaka.

This is the third IMF delegation arriving with the primary task of assessing the country's progress in meeting the criteria for the release of a fourth tranche of the $4.7 billion loan.

The multilateral lender approved the $4.7 billion loan in January 2023. Bangladesh has already received $2.3 billion in three tranches.

The IMF mission's discussions with the interim government of Bangladesh began on Tuesday, incorporating potential conditions for a fresh $3 billion loan. The discussions are to continue until December 17.

The delegation asked why the NBR failed to meet the IMF's revenue collection target for the previous fiscal year and sought to know about the measures taken to increase revenue collections, according to the official.

The tax authority logged overall receipts of Tk 382,562 crore in fiscal year 2023-24, falling short of its revised target by Tk 27,438 crore.

"We explained our real situation to them and informed of what we have done in recent times, including measures to increase tax return submissions," said the official.

The multilateral lender laid emphasis on revenue mobilisation, especially for the fact that Bangladesh witnessed a one percent year-on-year drop in revenue collection in the first four months of this fiscal year.

The tax authority collected Tk 101,281 crore in the July-October period, falling short of the target by Tk 30,831 crore.

The target for the entirety of fiscal year 2024-25 has been set at Tk 480,000 crore.

The NBR official further said the mission had enquired about the tax expenditures and various reform measures, including automation of the taxation system and e-return filing.

"We have been asked to reduce tax exemptions in a rational way," the official added.

The IMF team also agreed to extend their assistance for automation.

Besides, the mission also discussed the status of medium and long-term revenue collection strategies, measures to strengthen tax administration governance and plans to separate the tax administration from the tax policymaking department.​
 
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Bangladesh sees dip in FDI inflows amid global economic uncertainty
FE ONLINE REPORT
Published :
Dec 04, 2024 22:52
Updated :
Dec 04, 2024 22:52

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Bangladesh witnessed a decline in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows during the fiscal year 2024, reflecting challenges posed by global economic uncertainties and domestic constraints.

According to Bangladesh Bank data released on Wednesday, net FDI inflows stood at US$ 1,468.17 million in the 2024 fiscal year, marking a decrease of $141.60 million or 8.80 per cent compared to the fiscal year 2023.

The decline highlights concerns about the investment climate as the country navigates shifting economic landscapes.

A major component of FDI, net equity capital inflows, also recorded a drop.

In the fiscal year 2024, equity inflows totalled $667.50 million, compared to $709.93 million in 2023. This represents a decline of $42.43 million, or 5.98 per cent, indicating subdued investor confidence and possibly reduced expansion plans by foreign companies.

Despite the contraction in inflows, Bangladesh's FDI stock experienced modest growth.

As of June 2024, the total FDI stock reached $17,543.08 million, an increase of 1.49 per cent over the previous year's level. This suggests that while new investments have slowed, existing foreign investments in the country remain relatively stable.
 
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ADB, MGI sign deal to construct energy-efficient flour mill in Bangladesh
Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha . Dhaka 05 December, 2024, 14:05

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UNB Photo

The Asian Development Bank and Tanveer Dal Mill and Flour Mills Limited, a member of the Meghna Group of Industries, have signed a $20 million-loan agreement to support construction of a greenfield state-of-the-art, energy-efficient flour milling plant in Bangladesh.

This new facility will double MGI’s wheat flour output and enable the production of quality wheat products while consuming 37 per cent less electricity than existing plants.

The improved energy efficiency is expected to lower operational costs and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 8,200 tonnes annually.

The plant will produce 6,60,000 tonnes of wheat, contributing to domestic agriculture production and enhancing food security, said an ADB press release on Thursday.

‘This project marks a significant step toward the advancement of sustainable industrial development in Bangladesh. By promoting energy-efficient technologies and improving product quality, ADB and MGI are directly contributing to the country’s food security, food safety, economic resilience and environmental sustainability,’ said ADB director general for private sector operations Suzanne Gaboury.

‘Furthermore, the project is aligned with the Government of Bangladesh’s goals of strengthening domestic agro-processing and reducing the energy intensity of key industries,’ added Suzanne.

The demand for wheat in Bangladesh has been steadily increasing, but domestic production has not kept pace. In 2022, the country consumed about 8.8 million tonnes of wheat, while local production exceeded only one million tons.

This reliance on imported wheat highlights the urgent need to expand domestic milling capacity. With the anticipated rise in demand for flour milling, investing in energy-efficient technologies will foster environmentally sustainable growth in this sector.

‘The project will ensure food security, create additional employment opportunities for 160 individuals, foster relationships with 1,50,000 vendors in the SME sector, support market creation and industrialization, and more importantly, contribute sustainable GDP growth in the Bangladesh economy,’ said MGI’s chairman and managing director Mostafa Kamal.

‘We are enthusiastic about working with ADB and this project demonstrates the group’s commitment to due diligence and compliance,’ added Kamal.​
 
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