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[🇧🇩] Save the Rivers/Forests/Hills-----Save the Environment

[🇧🇩] Save the Rivers/Forests/Hills-----Save the Environment
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G Bangladesh Defense

Elephant conservation: Govt allocates funds for response teams

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The pre-dawn silence in Hajigaon, a village situated on the green hills of Chattogram's Karnaphuli upazila, is often shattered by the distant rumble of a colossal presence.

It's the sound of elephants, the gentle giants venturing out of the dwindling forests, seeking food and space.

For 46-year-old Mohammed Hashem, this is a call to duty.

He starts his day by patrolling through the dense forests, trying to detect the subtle signs of elephant movements.

Hashem is a member of the Elephant Response Team (ERT), a group of locals assigned by the forest department to mitigate the escalating human-elephant conflict in the region.

There are 130 ERTs working under the forest department in the country at present.

Since 2018, Hashem and his fellows have been on the frontlines, working to safeguard both the elephants and the human communities that share their habitat.

The ERT's main task is to identify elephants before they encroach upon human settlements, gently guiding them back to their natural habitat.

Despite their efforts, Hashem, like his fellow ERT members, has never received any financial support from the government.

All they get is a uniform, pair of shoes and whistle.

"We are working to save elephants from poachers. We also protect residents and their wealth from elephant attacks," Hashem said.

"We face risks, from potential elephant attacks to the dangers of navigating the dense jungle," Hashem adds, "yet we received no financial support from the government," he says.

Without a formal framework or any form of supervision, the teams operated with limited accountability, sometimes leading to unforeseen incidents.

However, this may change soon. The government has recently allocated Tk 45 lakh for 50 ERTs at Anwara and Karnaphuli upazila of Chattogram.

"It will allow us to pay the ERT members, ensuring their commitment and enabling us to hold them accountable for their duties," said Abu Naser Md Yasin Newaz, divisional forest officer.

Imran Ahmed, conservator of the Wildlife and Nature Conservation Region, said, "While the initial allocation may not be substantial, it symbolises a significant shift in government policy and paves the way for increased support in the future."

HUMAN-ELEPHANT COEXISTENCE UNDER THREAT

The country has 268 resident critically endangered Asian elephants. Most of them live in Chattogram, Cox's Bazar, and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, according to 2016 Forest Department data.

The destruction of habitats, corridors, and food sources is fueling elephant invasions and increasing human-wildlife conflict across the country.

Due to this conflict, 248 people died in elephant attacks between 2013-14 and 2022-23, while poachers killed at least 50 elephants in the last five years, according to the Forest Department.

Wildlife experts urged the government to develop a sustainable solution to reduce the conflict.

Mohammad Abdul Aziz, professor of Zoology at Jahangirnagar University and a member of the Elephant Specialist Group of South Asia, described the recent government allowance as a temporary solution.

He said elephants enter human settlements when they feel disturbed or experience a loss of food sources.

People then attempt to chase them away, which exacerbates the conflict.

"Therefore, we need to conserve elephant habitats, corridors, and their food sources for a sustainable solution," he added.​
 
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Bishkhali River: Encroachment, legal dispute delay dredging

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Photo: Star

Around 25 percent of the dredging work on the Bishkhali River in Bagerhat remains incomplete, despite the project deadline expiring last month, due to illegal encroachments and property disputes.

The Bangladesh Water Development Board launched the Tk 45 crore project in 2023 to dredge a 24-km stretch between Morrelganj and Kachua upazilas, aiming to resolve water shortages and boost agricultural productivity. The project was initially set to be completed by December 2024. However, with approximately 3km still undredged, the deadline has been extended to December 2025.

BWDB officials attributed the delays to illegal structures built on river land and legal disputes in areas such as Ramchandrapur and Sagorkathi.

In Sagorkathi, Abul Bashar claimed ownership of land occupied by a house, cemetery, and mosque. "We are the rightful owners as per SA and BS records. Without compensation or rehabilitation, we cannot allow dredging on our purchased land. We have already filed a court case," he said.

In Ramchandrapur, Marjina Begum said her family had purchased two kathas of land to build a house, unaware it would be reclaimed for river excavation. "We never knew the government would claim this property. Now we are left with nothing," she said.

Abu Raihan Mohammad Al Biruni, BWDB's executive engineer in Bagerhat, said that dredging is proceeding based on the river's CS records.

"Notices and public announcements were issued to illegal occupiers. Legal action will be taken if they do not remove the structures," he said. The BWDB has yet to receive court notice on Bashar's case, he added.

Once a vital waterway, the Bishkhali has suffered heavy siltation from years of neglect, causing severe irrigation water shortages.

Shankar Kumar Majumdar, deputy director of the Department of Agricultural Extension in Bagerhat, said that Aman paddy is currently cultivated on 26,000 hectares in Morrelganj, Kachua, and Sharankhola upazilas, but only 9,000 hectares are used for Boro cultivation due to water scarcity.

"If dredging is completed, around 20,000 hectares of cropland can be cultivated during the Rabi season," he said.​
 
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Crocodile fitted with satellite transmitter released in the Sundarbans

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Photo: Collected

A crocodile fitted with a satellite transmitter was released into the Charaputia canal of the Sundarbans East Forest Division yesterday afternoon.

The seven-foot-long, 12-year-old crocodile was released in the wild in the presence of officials from the Forest Department.

and Sarwar Alam Dipu, manager and project coordinator of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), along with other staff.

Speaking on the occasion, Azad Kabir, officer-in-charge of the Karamjal Wildlife Breeding Centre, said, "Through this research, we aim to gather data on the movement patterns, behaviour, and dietary habits of crocodiles. The population of crocodiles in the Sundarbans is steadily declining, and their reproductive capacity is also diminishing.

"This study is expected to contribute significantly to understanding their habits and improving their reproduction rates, ultimately aiding in the conservation of crocodiles in the Sundarbans."

This initiative is part of an ongoing research programme.

Earlier, between March 13 and 16, 2024, four saltwater crocodiles were fitted with satellite transmitters and released at four different locations within the Sundarbans.​
 
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DRIVE AT POLYTHENE FACTORY: DoE director hurt in attack
Staff Correspondent 27 January, 2025, 00:06

A director of the Department of Environment was injured in an attack by workers during a drive at a Polythene factory at Islambagh in the capital’s Chawkbazar area Sunday afternoon.

The victim, Md Sawqat Ali, 42, is a deputy secretary and the DoE director for enforcement and monitoring.

He was taken to Dhaka Medical College Hospital at about 2:45pm, said DMCH police outpost in-charge Md Faruk.

‘His different parts of the face and nose were affected in the attack. The official left the hospital after taking treatment in the ENT department,’ said Faruk.

Chawkbazar police station officer-in-charge Rezaul Karim said that the incident took place at about 12:30pm.

‘Members of the police and the Rapid Action Battalion were assisting the DoE during the drive. Filing a case in this connection is underway,’ he said.

DoE executive magistrate Rubina Ferdousi who led the drive told reporters at DMCH that they seized goods and sealed off the factory.

‘The factory workers attacked us when we came out of the factory and an official was injured in the attack,’ Rubina said.​
 
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The nexus of unplanned urbanization and pollution
Md Abdul Latif and Sabila Binta Saif Sondhi
Published :
Jan 27, 2025 21:44
Updated :
Jan 27, 2025 21:44

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Dhaka, the bustling center of Bangladesh, faces severe challenges due to rapid growth. The morning sun struggles to pierce through thick smog, as unregulated development pollutes the air. The Air Quality Index (AQI) often ranks among the worst worldwide, with residents exposed to harmful dust and emissions. On January 4, 2025, reports indicated Dhaka's AQI reached 493, far beyond the hazardous level of 301, highlighting an urgent environmental crisis. Despite its rise as a megacity, pollution remains a critical issue. Rapid urbanization has led to economic growth but has also caused significant environmental harm. Once-promising streets are now overwhelmed by traffic and waste, indicating a city at a crucial juncture. This underscores failures in urban planning and governance. This op-ed examines the link between Dhaka's growth and its environmental issues, calling for a reevaluation of urban strategies to safeguard residents' health and future.

The rapid growth of Dhaka mirrors its economic aspirations. With over 22 million residents, Bangladesh's capital has experienced remarkable urbanization. As of 2023, the urbanization rate of the country has been reported as 40.47 per cent of which, majority of the population resides in Dhaka city. Research mentioned that averaging an annual growth rate, the capital city grew by 8 per cent from 1991 to 2019. During this time, the outskirts expanded by 43 per cent, with built-up areas increasing by 234 km², while the city itself grew by about 116 km². Migration drives this urban expansion, as people from rural areas flock to the city for jobs, education, and better living standards. Dhaka serves as the epicenter for economic, educational, healthcare, and urban services in Bangladesh, housing numerous tertiary institutions and a thriving garment industry among the largest globally. The promise of employment in factories, service sectors, and informal economies draws millions of rural migrants seeking improved livelihoods.

Dhaka's rapid urbanization has been alarmingly swift, yet it lacks effective urban planning, comprehensive strategies, and proper infrastructure development. The city's growth has been largely reactive, resulting in chaotic expansion with minimal public input and disregard for long-term sustainability and the diverse needs of its population. This has led to numerous informal settlements where millions lack secure tenure and basic services. The absence of clear zoning regulations has caused overlapping residential, commercial, and industrial areas.

Dhaka has undergone rapid and unplanned growth, leading to chaotic spatial expansion and significant socio-spatial divisions. This unregulated development has resulted in high-density urban living, straining housing and urban services. Low-lying areas designated for flood retention have been filled by land developers, increasing the city's vulnerability to flooding. The consequences of unplanned urbanization have culminated in a severe pollution crisis, threatening the health and well-being of residents and undermining environmental sustainability.

The construction sector is the primary contributor to Dhaka's pollution, accounting for 30 of the total. During winter, construction activities intensify, exacerbating air quality deterioration and raising the Air Quality Index (AQI) levels. Poor regulation allows construction sites to release significant dust, while outdated brick kilns emit harmful particulate matter.

The industrial sector is another major contributor to air pollution in Dhaka, responsible for 29 per cent of emissions. As the city experiences economic growth, its burgeoning industries, particularly brick kilns, produce billions of bricks annually to meet rising demand.

The surge in population has also led to a dramatic increase in the number of vehicles, resulting in higher CO2 emissions and deteriorating air quality. From diesel-spewing buses to gas-guzzling private cars, the exhaust from these vehicles releases harmful substances like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) into the atmosphere. The vehicular sector contributes 15 per cent to the city's air pollution. In many areas being rapidly urbanized areas, underdeveloped or nonexistent public transportation systems force residents to rely on personal vehicles, further exacerbating emissions. The lack of efficient public transport options discourages walking or cycling, compounding the pollution issue.

The consequences of poor urban planning are evident in the severe traffic congestion that plagues the city. Vehicles often sit idle for extended periods, increasing emissions and prolonging travel times. This not only diminishes productivity but also intensifies the overall pollution problem, creating a cycle that jeopardizes the quality of life for Dhaka's inhabitants.

Unplanned growth has led to the over-exploitation of groundwater resources, resulting in a significant decline in piezometric levels and threatening the sustainability of water resources in the city. Additionally, unprecedented expansion frequently overwhelms existing waste management systems. Inadequate infrastructure for waste collection, treatment and disposal leads to littering and illegal dumping, contributing to land and water pollution. Decomposing waste emits harmful gases, such as methane, further impacting air quality.

Air pollution in Dhaka is not merely an environmental issue; it is a public health catastrophe. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) alone is responsible for thousands of premature deaths annually in Bangladesh. The World Bank estimates that air pollution cost Bangladesh nearly 3.9-4.4 per cent of its GDP in the year 2019, with Dhaka bearing a significant share of this loss. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in environmental conditions that pose serious health risks, such as air pollution, poor water and sanitation, and overcrowding. These issues lead to respiratory diseases and waterborne illnesses, increasing health risks for residents and burdening healthcare systems, which diminishes overall quality of life. Additionally, factors like poverty and limited access to healthcare worsen this decline. Socioeconomic determinants, including income inequality and insufficient healthcare resources, further amplify the health risks faced by urban populations.

The nexus of unplanned urbanization and pollution in Dhaka demonstrates how short-term gains create long-term challenges. The cycle of pollution is exacerbated by traffic congestion, inadequate infrastructure, and poor waste management. To resolve these issues, comprehensive planning is essential. Dhaka requires policies that prioritize decentralization over mere growth. A cohesive national and local policy, supported by an active city government, is crucial for addressing the city's multifaceted crisis. Effective strategies should improve urban planning, infrastructure, and governance to mitigate health risks associated with pollution and urbanization. Furthermore, addressing socioeconomic disparities and ensuring equitable healthcare access are critical. Urban planning should embrace diversity and inclusivity to create cohesive, affordable neighborhoods.

In summary, a comprehensive and inclusive approach to urban planning is vital for transforming Dhaka into a resilient city that prioritizes the health and well-being of its citizens while tackling the challenges of rapid urbanization and pollution.

Dr. Md. Abdul Latif, additional director of Bangladesh Institute of Governance and Management (BIGM) and Ms. Sabila Binta Saif Sondhi is research associate at BIGM​
 
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