[🇧🇩] Agriculture in Bangladesh

[🇧🇩] Agriculture in Bangladesh
258
12K
More threads by Saif

G Bangladesh Defense

Paddy prices slide ahead of Boro harvest

Early harvesting, policy uncertainty deepen fears of farmer losses

Yasir Wardad

Published :
Apr 17, 2026 08:40
Updated :
Apr 17, 2026 08:40

1776471734614.webp


A sharp fall in paddy prices ahead of the peak Boro harvest has triggered fresh concern among farmers, who fear mounting losses unless the government intervenes swiftly.

The decline, driven by early harvesting and rising supply, has already eroded returns from older stocks, according to market insiders.

With harvesting gathering pace in low-lying areas and no procurement announcement yet, market uncertainty is growing. Farmers and traders alike are now looking to the government for a stabilising signal before the main harvest begins next month (May).

Paddy prices have dropped by 15-20 per cent within a week with the early start of Boro harvesting, raising fears of a deeper fall as peak harvest begins in May.

Paddy from the Aman season, which was selling above Tk 1,250 per maund just a week ago, is now being traded at Tk 1,050-1,100 in Rangpur, Dinajpur, Bogura, Joypurhat and other regions, according to the Department of Agricultural Marketing (DAM).

The sudden drop in older stock has come as a blow for farmers preparing to harvest Boro. As fields turn golden across the country, farmers are now anxiously watching the market and hoping for a timely government signal to avoid losses, insiders said.

Harvesting has already started in haor, baor, beel and other low-lying areas, adding new supply to the market.

Prices have started falling even before full-scale Boro harvesting, indicating rising supply pressure and weak market confidence.

In contrast, the price of husked rice (coarse variety) has remained stable. It is selling at Tk 42-46 per kg in major milling areas, while retail prices stand at Tk 55-60 per kg in Dhaka, Narayanganj and Gazipur, showing a widening gap between producers and consumers.

"We are in panic," said Rahman Ali, a farmer from Mithamoin in the Kishoreganj haor belt.

"I have already harvested three bighas of land, and another 12 bighas are ready. But the price is only Tk 1,000-1,050 per maund, while production costs exceed Tk 1,200 in my area," he said.

A farmer in Mohanganj of Netrakona expressed similar concern, saying rising costs have worsened the situation.

"Fertiliser, diesel, irrigation and harvesting by combine harvesters - all costs have increased," he said, adding that farmers may face losses if prices fall further.

Omar Faruq, a trader in Nilphamari, said the decline is mainly due to early harvesting and the absence of a government procurement announcement, which usually helps stabilise prices.

Md Shahidul Islam, a rice trader in Dinajpur, said some traders had stocked paddy expecting higher profits but are now releasing it due to falling prices.

"The arrival of new Boro from haor areas and the release of old stock have pushed prices down," he said.

He said that a government procurement announcement usually brings stability. "When the government declares procurement prices, it gives confidence to both farmers and traders. Now everyone is waiting for that announcement," he added.

Agricultural economist Prof Golam Hafeez Kennedy warned that the current trend could have serious consequences if not addressed quickly.

He said farmers growing onion and potato have already suffered heavy losses this year due to sharp price drops, and Boro farmers now face a similar risk.

"If prices fall further during peak Boro harvest, farmers may not recover their costs. This could discourage cultivation in the next season," he said.

He urged the government to announce the procurement price immediately and increase procurement volume to support farmers, especially amid the ongoing global fuel crisis linked to tensions in the Middle East.

Bangladesh produced around 20 million tonnes of rice in the Boro season last year, which accounts for about 55 per cent of total annual production. The government has set a higher production target of 20.6 million tonnes for the current season.​
 

Govt working to make agri sector self-reliant, says minister
Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha . Cumilla 17 April, 2026, 22:47

1776475687431.webp

Fisheries, livestock and agriculture minister Mohammed Aminur Rashid. | PID photo

Fisheries, livestock and agriculture minister Mohammed Aminur Rashid on Friday said that the government was working to make the country’s agriculture sector self-reliant.

He said that around 70 per cent of the population depended directly or indirectly on agriculture, adding that a strong agricultural sector was essential for a strong national economy.

The minister made the remarks while speaking as chief guest at a ‘Farmer Card’ distribution programme, at the Bibir Bazar High School and College ground in Cumilla Sadar Adarsha Upazila.

He said that the introduction of ‘Farmer Card’ would help eliminate the role of middlemen in agricultural marketing, ensuring fair prices for farmers.

Under the initiative, small, marginal and landless farmers will receive Tk 2,500 in incentives, which they can use to purchase fertiliser, seeds, pesticides and other agricultural inputs.

On agricultural modernisation, the minister said that the government was providing machinery to farmers at 50-70 per cent subsidy, which would also be facilitated through the farmer card system.

He added that agricultural loans and insurance facilities would also be made available through the card.

The minister further said that the government had a plan to expand solar-powered irrigation pumps across the country. Farmers with ‘Farmer Card’ will receive these facilities through cooperatives, he added, saying that the integrated initiatives would help make agriculture self-reliant.

After the programme, the minister inaugurated an agricultural fair set up adjacent to the venue and visited stalls of various departments and agencies under the Ministry of Agriculture.

Cumilla district commissioner Md Reza Hasan presided over the event.

Haji Jasim Uddin MP, Atikul Alam Shawon MP, Cumilla City Corporation administrator Yusuf Molla Tipu, District Council administrator Mostak Mia, agriculture secretary Rafiqul E Mohame and fisheries and livestock secretary Md Delwar Hossain, among others, attended the event.​
 

FROM REMITTANCES TO INVESTMENT

Exporting agri-entrepreneurship

1776819564156.webp

There is a huge potential for Bangladeshi agri-entrepreneurs in Africa, home to nearly 60 per cent of the world’s uncultivated arable land. | The Habari Network

BANGLADESH has successfully ‘exported’ agricultural labour for decades to Qatar and Malaysia, where our farmers have evolved from labourers into entrepreneurs. This article proposes a formal policy shift — from unorganised labour migration to state-backed agricultural investment in English-speaking African nations such as Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Zambia. By adopting a structured and strategic approach, Bangladesh can secure external food sources, diversify export earnings and elevate the status of its farmers — from wage earners to global farm managers and investors. Our farmers have already demonstrated remarkable adaptability across diverse climates and regulatory environments, making this transition not only feasible but strategically compelling.

The Qatar experience

IN RESPONSE to food security initiatives, Bangladeshi migrants in Qatar moved beyond manual labour to leasing land in Al Khor and Al Shamal. They now manage over 1,100 farms, contributing to approximately 46 per cent vegetable self-sufficiency. Their production includes eggplants, gourds and herbs — demonstrating both technical competence and entrepreneurial initiative. Many have since diversified into livestock, honey production and experimental fish farming, signalling a transition from subsistence labour to commercial agriculture.

The Malaysia experience

IN THE Cameron Highlands and across palm oil plantations, Bangladeshi workers are widely regarded as ‘indispensable.’ They constitute a significant share of the plantation workforce and often handle complex harvesting and field operations that local labour avoids. Their role has gradually expanded from manual execution to operational management within large-scale agro-industrial systems.

Labour export to agri-entrepreneurship

ACROSS both regions, a clear trajectory is visible: from labourer to entrepreneur. This accumulated experience — managing commercial agriculture under foreign regulatory systems — represents a pre-trained global asset. It is this transformation — from labour export to capability export — that now opens the door to capital-backed agricultural expansion abroad.

Market analysis: selected African countries

FOR an effective pilot phase, focus should be placed on English-speaking countries with abundant arable land, growing food demand and relatively stable policy environments.

Nigeria offers large-scale opportunities in rice and vegetable production, supported by strong domestic demand and linguistic compatibility.

Ghana presents a stable political environment suitable for long-term land leasing, particularly in roots, tubers and horticulture.

Kenya provides entry into high-value sectors such as floriculture and legumes, supported by an established commodity exchange infrastructure.

Zambia stands out for its vast uncultivated arable land and investor-friendly climate, particularly for cereal grains and livestock.

These countries are not merely destinations — they are platforms for outward agricultural expansion, where Bangladeshi farmers can transition from workers to investors within scalable production systems.

Product roadmap: short-term vs long-term strategy

INITIAL efforts should concentrate on crops where Bangladeshi farmers already possess immediate efficiency and short production cycles. Vegetables such as bitter gourd, pointed gourd (patol) and snake gourd offer high yields and strong demand in both diaspora and urban markets.

Horticultural expansion into quick-growing fruits like dragon fruit and malta builds on recent domestic success. Herbs such as mint, parsley and coriander provide high turnover with minimal land requirements. These are not experimental crops — they are proven competencies ready for export replication.


The long-term vision must move beyond cultivation into integrated value creation.

Agro-processing facilities — producing jams, pickles and fruit pulps — can reduce post-harvest losses and increase value retention. Commercial plantations can draw directly on Malaysian experience in palm oil and rubber, as well as East African models for tea and coffee.

Livestock and fisheries, including poultry and aquaculture, can replicate the entrepreneurial diversification already observed in Qatar. The objective is clear: transition from production to value-chain control, where Bangladesh captures not only output but also processing, branding and distribution margins.

Policy recommendations for adoption

GOVERNMENT-TO-GOVERNMENT (G2G) agreements should establish ‘Agri-Technical Visas’ for trained Bangladeshi farmers. The Export Promotion Bureau should create a dedicated agri-export desk to provide real-time intelligence on phytosanitary standards, trade barriers and market access conditions. A pilot program should deploy approximately 500 experienced farmers from Qatar and Malaysia as ‘farmer-contractors’ to initiate operations in Nigeria or Ghana.

For long-term policy, the Planning Commission should establish a migrant agri-investor fund, enabling farmers to access low-interest financing for overseas land leasing, using remittance flows as collateral.

Traceability systems and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification must be implemented to ensure global export compliance.

Vocational accreditation should formalise the status of migrant farmers as technical managers, replacing the outdated classification of ‘unskilled labour.’

To operationalize this structural shift into a fully executable economic program, the policy framework must be anchored in financial, legal and institutional precision. The proposal must integrate a rigorous capital expenditure framework for the initial pilot program, underpinned by specific return on investment projections that quantify the expected impact on national foreign currency reserves through expanded export earnings, while simultaneously establishing bilateral legal protocols to safeguard land-tenure rights and formalise dispute-resolution mechanisms within the regulatory environments of host nations such as Nigeria or Zambia.

By incorporating a public-private partnership module — which links independent farmer-entrepreneurs with established agro-processing firms to produce value-added goods such as fruit pulps and jams — the policy creates a concrete pathway for capturing high-margin branding and global distribution channels. Taken together, these elements transform the proposal from a persuasive conceptual case into an actionable engine for economic sovereignty, ready for immediate adoption by the Planning Commission.

Institutional framework

TO MOVE beyond the limitations of unorganised labour migration, this strategy requires a dedicated institutional anchor. The state should, therefore, establish a foreign direct investment entity — the Bangladesh Global Agri-Investment Corporation — under a public-private partnership model. Rather than farmers seeking fragmented individual leases, this state-backed special purpose vehicle would negotiate sovereign-level land concessions in countries such as Zambia or Nigeria, providing a unified legal umbrella for land-tenure security and dispute resolution.

The corporation would operationalize the migrant agri-investor fund by financing centralised ‘agri-hubs’ equipped with cold-chain logistics, storage and processing facilities. In doing so, it would fundamentally alter the risk structure of overseas farming: Bangladeshi farmers would no longer operate as vulnerable independent migrants, but as equity-holding technical managers within a secure, state-insured value chain.

This institutional architecture makes the policy implementable in concrete terms. Legal risks are transferred from individual farmers to a sovereign-backed entity capable of negotiating and enforcing bilateral agreements. Infrastructure constraints — such as electricity, storage and processing — are resolved through shared agri-hubs that no individual farmer could finance alone. Financial viability improves dramatically, as banks are far more willing to lend to a state-backed corporation than to migrants relying on remittance-based collateral. Most importantly, scale is achieved: a pilot group of 500 farmers can function not as dispersed actors, but as a coordinated ‘mega-farm,’ enhancing bargaining power in global markets and enabling integration into high-value distribution networks.

Conclusion

THE Export Promotion Bureau must move beyond identifying products to identifying capabilities. Our farmers are not merely labour exports — they are mobile repositories of agricultural knowledge, adaptability and entrepreneurial potential. What has already occurred organically in Qatar and Malaysia now calls for deliberate policy design. Transforming them from migrant labourers into global farm owners and managers is not only feasible — it is a data-backed strategic pathway towards Bangladesh’s long-term economic resilience. It marks a decisive shift from exporting labour to exporting capability, and ultimately to embedding Bangladeshi capital and expertise within global agricultural systems.

Dr Abdullah A Dewan, formerly a physicist and nuclear engineer at BAEC, is an emeritus professor of economics at Eastern Michigan University, USA. Humayun Kabir is a former senior official of the United Nations in New York.​
 

Latest Posts

Back