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[🇧🇩] Banking System in Bangladesh

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[🇧🇩] Banking System in Bangladesh
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A former governor's unpleasant truths about the banking sector

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FILE VISUAL: REHNUMA PROSHOON

Economists are always noted for telling unpleasant truths because they go by numbers, research, theory, and judgement. Rarely do politicians—who can manufacture arguments to suit their purpose—endorse economists who are objective. Former Bangladesh Bank Governor Dr Mohammad Farashuddin has unveiled some truths about the country's banking sector where regulations have remarkably been relaxed in recent years. Seldom have we seen such blistering comments coming from a governor in Bangladesh's history. Farashuddin's statement, though commendable at a critical moment, creates enormous doubt over whether the government will really pay any attention to it.

The doubt is genuine because the looters are quite well-known to all of us, and they are flocking around the people in power. Not only have they indulged in misdeeds, but they are extravagantly empowered with high positions as well. To the bad luck of the nation, these people have been masquerading as the "true saviours" of the financial industry, if not that of the whole nation. These wolves in sheep's clothing, if not checked, will bring an economy of otherwise high potential down.

It would be a mistake for politicians to label Farashuddin as a supporter of the opposition. He was very well liked by Bangabandhu, who appointed him as his personal secretary. The Awami League government appointed him as governor of the central bank after coming to power in 1996. And most importantly, his performance at the helm of the central bank was academically sound and professionally pro-business.

Few retired bureaucrat-turned governors could do what he did. Dr Farashuddin remained committed to economic knowledge and the country's interest, not the interest of the wilful defaulters whose businesses always pretend to be in the red despite the economy's respectable growth. Sadly, growth is showing signs of a premature slowdown, justifying the clamours of economists who advocate bringing a semblance of law and ethics into business.

The great 18th-century economist Adam Smith once wrote, "Little else is requisite to carry a state to the highest degree of opulence from the lowest barbarism but peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice." Smith was so sure about his articulation that he asserted that all the rest would be brought about by the natural course of things once justice is safeguarded. The history of all developed countries has evidently proven that organised financial corruption and economic prosperity can never be siblings. They are mutually exclusive and many politicians in power seem to have brushed the trade-off aside for a game of personal wealth-making and very short-term interest.

Farashuddin's worry in this regard is quite explicit although he seems to be afraid of being mistreated if he speaks against the financial hooligans pampered by power. He literarily resorted to the poignant lines of Rabindranath Tagore—Morite chahina ami sundoro bhubone (I don't want to die in this beautiful world). So subtle was his sense of melancholy and humour.

The truth hidden under his humour points out that if high-scale bank looters are pardoned so easily, the banking sector's future must be cancerous, suggesting the emergence of further plunderers under the political coddling of the regime. His warning rightly echoes that of Dr Wahiduddin Mahmud, former economic adviser to the caretaker government, who allegorically labels the default culture as the rotten heart of the nation.

Some critics have recently labelled Dr Farashuddin's outburst at the seminar of the Economic Reporters' Forum (ERF) as his personal frustration for not being placed in a policymaking position by the regime. This is a defective interpretation of Farashuddin's standpoint. First, we need to judge whether he is statistically right about what he has said. Second, we need to check whether his recommendations don't serve him personally or his business. We get a "yes" in response to both these questions. His concern is that the family-based directorship proposal was passed at parliament without any resolution or debate. In fact, this law has turned many private banks into a mudir dokan—the single family-run petty shops sprawling in villages, fostering a perverse move of private banks from corporate structures to family dynasties.

The sneaky way of passing this family directorship law is the antithesis to the spirit of parliamentary democracy where we hope to see debates over economic policymaking. But there are many members of parliament who never utter a single word about anything during their tenure, while most of them are familiar with the art of accumulating personal wealth at magical speed. Thus, simply addressing the banking sector won't solve the current economic predicament. Parliament and the legal system must function better to make the economy as robust as it was before the pandemic.

Farashuddin is correct in pronouncing that some groups of people are taking bigger slices of the pizza—which we earned through independence. And hence, he is against the trend that brings more retired bureaucrats to politics. It will dampen the quality of bureaucratic services as we have already degraded the quality of our universities by infusing political enthusiasm. He is right in reiterating the unholy triangle of tax dodgers, bank defaulters, and money launderers. They are the same group of people who are dragging the economy to the cliff's edge, and waiting for the time to fly overseas with their trafficked fortunes.

This must be stopped for the sake of the nation where income inequality has been on an unbroken crescendo of unsustainability, defying any sensible records of peer nations. Putting a farmer in jail for defaulting on loans by Tk 1,000, while letting a bank looter sit beside government officials, signal a cancerous future for the financial industry, and Farashuddin's artistic portrayal of the injustice and asymmetry in this regard warrants serious attention from the government.

Dr Birupaksha Paul is professor of economics at the State University of New York at Cortland in the US.​
 

Poor banking sector: Malgovernance, impunity key factors, says Dr Salehuddin
FE REPORT
Published :
May 09, 2024 10:24
Updated :
May 09, 2024 10:24


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Malgovernance and improper management, fuelled by political interventions, are the factors behind the present sorry state of the banking sector of Bangladesh, a former central bank governor has said.

A culture of impunity and undue benefits to loan defaulters and their allies in banks are also liable for this situation, according to Dr Salehuddin Ahmed.

"Governance and management failures are in place, because of which we see problems like corruption, money laundering and (loan) defaults."

Dr Ahmed made the observations at a public lecture on the country's banking sector at United International University (UIU) in Dhaka.

The UIU School of Business and Economics hosted the session as part of a public lecture series styled 'Bangladesh Corpus 2024'.

The noted economist gave a brief outline of the sector, which has become much vibrant after 2006 with the rise of digitalisation, use of information technology and many other tools.

Necessary guidelines, norms and laws are there for the banking sector, but it largely lacks compliance of conventional rules, according to him.

About the recent merger of banks, Dr Ahmed said the merger of the banks has not been directed by the Bangladesh Bank (BB) in a proper way.

"Actually, there is scope to restore weaker banks through setting proficient boards, employing independent directors and hiring right professionals."

Highlighting policy failure with default-loan regulations with improper mechanisms to reschedule and restructure them, thereby fuelling corruption, he said borrowing has become a business model at present.

"Borrowing, increasing your money, making foreign trips and defaulting on loans has become a smart business model now," he went on to say.

With only a 2.0-per cent repayment, one can become a free man now, according to the former BB governor.

"The central bank is giving concessions day by day, whereas nobody is paying back."

Even the board of directors at most private banks are not competent, they sit there and provide loans without following the norms, says Dr Ahmed.

He suggested that the Bank Company Act be amended be amended to minimise the scope for incompetent directorships. Suggesting a way forward for the banking sector, the former governor said the central bank should focus more on ensuring governance to reinstate the sector.​
 

Bank sector battered by people with political clouts: economists
Staff Correspondent 16 May, 2024, 22:49

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Former Bangladesh Bank governor Mohammed Farashuddin speaks at a programme at the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies office in the capital Dhaka on Thursday. Economic Research Group chairman Wahiduddin Mahmud, prime minister's economic affairs adviser Mashiur Rahman, East West University vice-chancellor Shams Rahman and BIDS director general Binayak Sen were present. | — Press release

Bangladesh's banking sector has suffered a serious setback over the years, as people having political clouts received from banks various benefits beyond legal scopes, economists said.

At a programme at the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies office in the capital Dhaka on Thursday to launch a book titled 'Bangladesh's Future Development: Agenda for Reform', they said that widespread political influences in the financial sector caused lack of governance and deviation from principles.

The BIDS and the East West University organised the launching ceremony of the book written by former Bangladesh Bank governor Mohammed Farashuddin.

At the event, Wahiduddin Mahmud, chairman of the Economic Research Group, observed that governments assuming power without fair elections often resort to patronage politics, granting undue benefits to influential groups in an attempt to establish control over society.

He said that the undue benefits to the influential quarter affected honest entrepreneurs and damaged business environment in the country.

There are key sectors in the country that the government should shield them from political interferences, Wahiduddin said.

'The current regime is an authoritarian government cloaked in a formal democratic framework,' Wahiduddin said, adding that assessing its popularity was complicated due to the absence of fair electoral processes.

He also emphasised that democratic rights, freedom of expression and human rights are crucial for the economic development of a nation.

There is no instance in the world where a country achieved economic development solely through infrastructure development without investing in human capital, Wahiduddin said.

Farashuddin suggested a three-year economic reform programme for the banking sector, saying that defaulted loans affected economy severely.

Criticising the practice of loan rescheduling, he remarked that top bank defaulters were receiving preferential treatment.

Farashuddin observed that loan defaulting, tax evasion and money laundering are all interrelated, often involving the same powerful group in these activities.

He also suggested political and constitutional reforms to ensure economic reforms in the country.

He expressed concern that political leaders often desire economists to serve as their subordinates, which should not be the case.

Instead, political leaders should make decisions based on recommendations from economists, Farashuddin said.

According to the economist, maintaining the taka's exchange rate artificially high for a decade, imposing a cap on interest rates for over two years, and having multiple exchange rates severely affected the economy, and recovery would take a considerable amount of time.

Centre for Policy Dialogue executive director Fahmida Khatun said that political influence made the country's banking sector weak.

The nation is now grappling with the consequences of poor governance in the financial sector, a situation that did not arise overnight, she said.

Fahmida pointed out that prioritising investment solely in infrastructure, while overlooking allocations for education and public health, has created an imbalance in the country.

She emphasised that such lopsided development would not be sustainable.

Prime minister's economic affairs adviser Mashiur Rahman, East West University vice-chancellor Shams Rahman, BIDS director general Binayak Sen, economist MM Akash and BIDS research director Kazi Iqbal, among others, spoke at the event.​
 

Chinese consortium seeks digital banking licence in BD
REZAUL KARIM
Published :
May 18, 2024 00:16
Updated :
May 18, 2024 00:16

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A group of Chinese nationals, in collaboration with Bangladeshi partners, has applied for a digital bank licence in Bangladesh, according to documents of the Chinese Embassy in Dhaka.

The consortium submitted the application to the Bangladesh Bank under the name China Bangla Bank Plc.

As a joint venture, China Bangla Bank Plc has pledged an initial investment of approximately $10 million, with a further commitment of $200 million over five years, show the papers.

The embassy expects the venture to generate over 7,000 jobs in Bangladesh.

The infusion of Chinese technical expertise and technology investment will indirectly enhance financial inclusion for marginalised communities. This aligns with the bank's goal of extending banking services to over 75 million under-served individuals, according to the documents.

The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Guangdong Committee (CCPIT Guangdong Committee) recently contacted the Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in Bangladesh to initiate communication with relevant Bangladeshi agencies regarding the application.

A high-powered team of the Bangladesh Bank previously visited China, where the issue of digital banking operations by Chinese entrepreneurs was discussed, a source said.

When contacted, Bangladesh China Chamber of Commerce and Industry Secretary General Al Mamun Mridha said Bangladesh has made significant strides in digital adoption in recent years. For this, there is no alternative to digital banking.

He added that digital banking offers greater convenience, security and ease of transferring funds compared to existing banking services.

Mr. Mridha claimed that China's experience in digital technologies would be beneficial for Bangladesh's digital banking sector if Chinese investors were involved.

The Bangladesh Bank has already granted initial approval to eight digital banks to meet customer needs in the digital age and serve the unbanked population.

Unlike traditional banks, they will operate solely online with a central headquarters and no physical branches.

Digital banking allows customers to conduct banking transactions and access services remotely, via a website or mobile app, without needing to visit a physical branch.

Two new digital banks, Nagad Digital Bank PLC and Kori Digital Bank PLC, have already received letters of intent (LoI) and are preparing to launch operations soon.

The central bank will monitor their performance over the next six months, a central bank source said.

The letter of intent outlines a timeframe for the digital banks to develop their infrastructure under central bank supervision.

Three other banks -- Smart Digital Bank PLC, North East Digital Bank PLC and Japan-Bangladesh Digital Bank PLC -- will receive their letters of intent after six months, based on the performance of the initial two.

The Bangladesh Bank has also approved three existing banks to offer digital banking services: BRAC Bank with bKash, DG-10, a consortium of 10 private commercial banks, and Digital Bank PLC led by Bank Asia.​
 

Interview: Zahid Hussain
Banks are being merged due to lack of farsightedness

Zahid Hussain

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Dr Zahid Hussain is former lead economist of the World Bank's Dhaka office. In an interview with Prothom Alo's AKM Zakaria, he talks about the country's overall economy, the dollar crisis, bank mergers, inflation, lifting subsidies in the power sector and the budget.
Updated: 20 May 2024, 12: 39

Prothom Alo : There had been apprehensions for quite some time that the economy would be at risk. Economists had been warning about this too. Compared to the state of the economy three or four months ago, have things deteriorated further?

Zahid Hussain It certainly hasn't improved. None of the indicators regarding the economy are in good shape. If we consider the available data on inflation, reserves, revenue income, the financial sector's dwindling resources, negative imports, the GDP or industrial growth – the situation has taken a nose dive. The only area where there is some respite is in remittance. For the past few months, remittance of USD 2 billion (USD 200 crore) has been coming in monthly. The export figures don't look bad either but are these figures accurate? They don't tally with reality.

Prothom Alo : Does that mean the economists' apprehensions were not taken into consideration? Or were the right steps not taken at the right time?

Zahid Hussain I would say that timely measures were not taken. Now some measures are being taken which can be called correct. But then in certain cases, these are confusing – such as in the case of the foreign exchange market and management. It is difficult to say whether these measures will yield results. There have been assurances and promises that all sorts of things will be done regarding the monetary policy, the exchange rate and so on. We must wait to see if this is reflected in the forthcoming budget.

The structural reforms that were needed at this time, have not taken place. The regulatory bodies did not, or could not, play their due role in establishing good governance in the financial sector. It had been expected that they would have an active role regarding weak institutions. The bottom line is, the initiatives and policies required for the situation, were not taken up.

Prothom Alo : Why could these measures not be taken? What is your opinion?

Zahid Hussain The path chosen to resolve the problems are, in many cases, not correct. Then again, I do not think that the government or the policymakers are doing this out of ignorance. Let me give an example. The 9 per cent ceiling on interest has now been lifted. We have gone back to the previous policy. It is a misconception that business will do well if interest rates are low. Why was this done then? This was done to facilitate certain vested interest quarters. The consideration was possibly that if loans can be given cheaply, it will be possible to remain in power.

We see that same wrong policy in the case of market management. When the prices of onion and such commodities go up, we talk of market manipulations. What does the government do then? It fixes a retail price. This can never work. The government does not touch, or does not want to touch, the importers, the stockists or the wholesalers. How can it be effective it if does not intervene where necessary?

Prothom Alo : We see the dollar price scaling up. Now the government has used the crawling peg system to devaluate the taka. Many say that this should have been done earlier. What do you say? Can this crawling peg measure make any difference now?

Zahid Hussain There are questions about whether it is actually a crawling peg that has been put into effect here. If the system put in place is actually crawling peg, then there must be space for fluctuation. Here we see that Bangladesh Bank has fixed a rate for the dollar, that is, 117 taka. The Bangladesh Bank circular doesn't mention how far it will rise or fall above or below this. According to the media, it may fluctuate up or down by a taka. Then there is matter of the buying and selling rate of the dollar. This is not clear. We see the "peg" fixed at 117 taka, but we don't see the "crawling".

The question is, if we cannot pay more than 118 taka for the dollar, will the inflow of dollars though formal channels drop? The market itself doesn't believe this rate will last. The currency market has become volatile. Since there is no possibility of the dollar rate falling, exporters who receive their bills in dollars may delay bringing in their dollars in the hope of the dollar price going up further.

The crawling peg system is in place in Nicaragua and Vietnam. Nicaragua's situation is different. And in Vietnam, the central bank fixes the rate every day based on the previous day's market. Buying and selling can be done at a 5 per cent fluctuation, up or down. Interestingly, IMF has given recognition to what is being done in Bangladesh in the name of crawling peg. I feel that they know something that we don't know. Perhaps they have been told the ceiling of the dollar buying and selling rate.

We may be creating special zones for foreign investment, but why will they invest here if they have apprehensions regarding the country's macro-economy, if they feel they will not be able to take their money back? They have alternative countries for their investment.

Prothom Alo : What do you think of the interest rate being wholly opened up?

I think it is good, albeit late. There is no need to worry about where the interest rate will go or whether it will spiral very high. It will be determined by bank-customer relations and that is nothing new. Problems crop up when the interest rate is fixed with no considerations to the risks involved. Now there will be scope to amend that. The interest rate can be higher for loans where there are risks. And where the risks are low, the banks can lend with low interest rates.

Many may feel that the financial institutions can hold the borrowers hostage by keeping the interest rates open. I feel that this will not happen. Our regulatory authorities must keep their eyes open and remain alert in this regard. No irregularities can be condoned.

Prothom Alo : The downslide of reserves can't be stopped either. Is there anything to be done here?

Zahid Hussain If the currency exchange is left to the market, then there is chance of the reserves increasing. However, the transparency of the market must be ensured. If Bangladesh Bank creates a platform in cooperation with BAFEDA, the the rate at which the various banks buy and sell dollars every day, can be availed on this platform. If the official market rate is near that of the unofficial rate, then a big obstacle to dollars coming through formal channels will be lifted. Transparency in exchange market will leave no room for manipulations.

Prothom Alo : Due to the dollar crisis, foreign companies are unable to take their profits back home. During his recent visit, the US assistant secretary of state Donald Lu expressed his concern in this regard. Will the dollar crisis discourage foreign investment?

Zahid Hussain It is very natural that there will be an impact on foreign direct investment. Those who are to come to this country with foreign investment, will lose confidence. They see that there is no continuity in policies here. We may be creating special zones for foreign investment, but why will they invest here if they have apprehensions regarding the country's macro-economy, if they feel they will not be able to take their money back? They have alternative countries for their investment.

Prothom Alo : Inflation emerged as a serious problem worldwide since the Ukraine war. Everyone managed to get things under control, but why not us? Even Sri Lanka which had faced bankruptcy managed to speedily tackle the situation.

Zahid Hussain We have to take into consideration what are the weapons with which inflation can be tackled. The central bank had the monetary policy, the government has the fiscal policy and the regulatory authority. We took the reverse route with the monetary policy. Money was printed to meet the budget deficit. Rather than taking contractionary measures, the budget was expanded. In order to save dollars, tariff on commodities was increased. This increased inflation further. After the outbreak of the Ukraine war, everyone increased interest rates, while we reduced interest rates. There was talk about savings in the revenue policy, but this was not reflected in reality. In market management, we fixed prices at the retail level, but took no measures against those manipulating the market. We did not use the weapons we had to control inflation.

In no way can there be any decrease in allocations for the health, education and social safety net sectors. On the contrary, allocations to these sectors should be increased. People may question the spending capacity in these sectors, but that cannot be an excuse to cut allocations. Focus should be on why the funds can't be spent. The procedures must be simplified
Prothom Alo : Loans are being taken from IMF because of the economic crisis and they have laid down all sorts of terms and conditions. Is their involvement yielding results?

Zahid Hussain We have to see how it was before IMF became involved and how it is after. Over a year has passed, but we are yet to see any results. They have given all sorts of policy advice. Implementation of some of the recommendation has started. The interest corridor policy has been adopted, the taka has been devalued, an automatic system has been put in place to determine the price of fuel oil. Our biggest area of concern is whether inflation has lessened or not, whether reserves have increased. We can say some work has been carried out, but this has had no impact so far. And we must bear in mind that not all of IMF's advice will be effective.

Prothom Alo : Meanwhile, in keeping with IMF conditions, the government is reducing subsidy on electricity, sending electricity costs up. This is an extra burden on the people already floundering under the weight of inflation.

Zahid Hussain IMF has said that there can be no subsidies, particularly in the case of energy and power. There is a link between power production and environment and climate change. In our country the government buys electricity at high costs and sells it to the people at low costs. There are two ways to reduce this subsidy. One, increase the price of electricity. Two, reduce the government's costs in purchasing electricity. The government took the easy way out of hiking power prices to slash subsidies. But it took no measures to slash corruption in this sector and to move away from the illogical deals to purchase power from private producers. During the quick rental deal, there were conditions that even if power is not generated, capacity charge must be paid. The term of the contract is over, but the government simply renews it again and again. The government could save a lot of money by taking up a 'no power, no pay' policy. But instead of doing that, the price of electricity is being increased.

The government can also save a lot of money by load management. Power can be purchased first from producers that can provide power at the lowest cost, then gradually from others according to price. Power can be bought at lower costs in winter when the demand is less. The government can save a lot of money by applying these methods of loan management. A study of the World Bank says that the government can save up to around USD 1 billion (USD 100 crore) by means of proper load management.

Prothom Alo : So what has happened about the bank mergers? It looks like Bangladesh Bank's initiative has failed.

Zahid Hussain The government adopted 'prompt correction action' or PCA to address the banking sector problems. Weak banks were divided into four categories. These banks were supposed to have been given a chance to overcome their weaknesses. If they failed to do so, then they could face termination, acquisition or merging with another bank. But it is being said that this will be implemented from 2025. Why? What was the problem is doing that from now?

Instead, Bangladesh Bank took measures to merge weak and bad banks with some good ones. This provoked negative reactions. A sense of anxiety was seen among the good banks. This initiative has been suppressed for the time being. If measures were taken in accordance to the PCA, at least some process would have started. Instead of doing so, banks are being merged due to a lack of farsightedness.

Prothom Alo : After the hike in the dollar price, there is talk of stopping incentives in the export sector. What do you think about that?

Zahid Hussain Even if the price of the dollar did not increase, I would still be in favour of reevaluating the matter of incentives in the export sector. We have provided incentives to the readymade garment sector as well as various other export-oriented industries. The main objective was to diversify exports. This was hardly effective.

Also, after LDC graduation, we will have to maintain WTO standards. That means we will not be able to provide incentives to many industries, even if we want to. That is why we should wrap up the matter of incentives from beforehand. And now in place of 84 taka, we are getting 117 taka per dollar. So there is no need for incentives. There is no scope to keep any industry alive on life support.

Prothom Alo : The budget is ahead. How should the budget be, given the prevailing economic condition? What would some of your basic recommendations be?

Zahid Hussain I would like to place stress on certain factors regarding the coming budget. Firstly, expenditure must be curtailed, wasteful expenditure must be dropped with contractionary policies particularly in the purchase of vehicles, construction of buildings and travel. And in no way can there be any decrease in allocations for the health, education and social safety net sectors. On the contrary, allocations to these sectors should be increased. People may question the spending capacity in these sectors, but that cannot be an excuse to cut allocations. Focus should be on why the funds can't be spent. The procedures must be simplified.

Secondly, we hear of certain good measures being taken in the case of revenue. We agree that revenue income must be increased, but not by increasing tax rates. The concessions in place regarding taxes must be curtailed and the loopholes in revenue collection must be closed. A fully self-assessment system must be introduced in income tax.

Thirdly, the budget deficit should be made a low as possible. Initiatives must be taken to meet the deficit with funds in the pipeline, the loans and assistance that have been committed so far, by making an effort to avail low-interest long-term loans and cutting expenditure from our own funds.

Prothom Alo : Thank you.

Zahid Hussain Thank you too.​
 

Only 8 local banks in good shape: Bangladesh Bank report
Staff Correspondent 11 March, 2024, 00:38

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A file photo shows the Bangladesh Bank headquarters in the capital Dhaka. — New Age photo

Only eight local banks are in good condition, according a Bangladesh Bank report.

The BB's financial stability department has recently prepared banks' health index and HEAT map on the basis of June 2023 ending half-yearly financial performance.

According to the BB report, 16 banks, including eight local and eight foreign banks, are in good condition.

These banks are Prime Bank, Eastern Bank, NCC Bank, Midland Bank, Bank Asia, Shimanto Bank, Jamuna Bank, Shahjalal Islami Bank, Bank Alfalah, Woori Bank, HSBC, Commercial Bank of Ceylon, City Bank NA, Habib Bank, Standard Chartered Bank and State Bank of India.

The BB report said 16 banks were in the green zone, meaning their financial health was good, whereas 29 banks were in the yellow zone, meaning their health was something in between good and fragile.

Nine banks, including four state-run ones, were in the red zone, meaning their financial health was fragile.

The nine banks are Bangladesh Commerce Bank, Padma Bank, BASIC Bank, National Bank of Pakistan, National Bank, Janata Bank, Agrani Bank, Rupali Bank and AB Bank.

The yellow zone contains two state-owned commercial banks, Bangladesh Development Bank and Sonali Bank, 19 conventional private commercial banks and eight Shariah-based islamic Banks.

To read the rest of the news, please click on the link above.
 

Sonali Bank's e-Wallet recognised as best innovation

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Sonali e-Wallet, the mobile app of Sonali Bank, has been recognised as the best innovation by the Financial Institutions Division of the Ministry of Finance for implementing e-governance and innovation plans for FY24.

Waseqa Ayesha Khan, state minister for finance, handed over an award to Md Zahirul Islam, deputy general manager of the bank, at a function at the finance ministry in the capital on Tuesday, the bank said in a press release.

To read the rest of the news, please click on the link above.
 

Banking sector being abused by oligarchs: CPD

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Oligarchs are abusing the banking systems to achieve their goals, causing harm to good governance, transparency and accountability in the financial sector, say a number of economists and experts.

There is distrust in the banking sector, which impacts the entire financial sector, they said at a dialogue organised by the Centre for Policy Dialogue at a city hotel yesterday.

Bangladesh Bank's weakness in exerting its authority; influential quarters' pressure on it; frequent policy changes; lack of punitive measures against errant banks; dual policies; and inadequate merger decisions created people's distrust of banks.

To read the rest of the news, please click on the link above.
 

Broad reform agenda vital to restore trust in banks: CPD

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The Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) yesterday urged the government to reduce bad loans and establish good governance in the banking sector as part of its suggestions aimed at healing the persisting ills of the key sector.

"A comprehensive reform agenda should be devised and implemented to overcome the banking sector's ongoing challenges," it said.

The think-tank's recommendations came at a dialogue titled "What Lies Ahead for the Banking Sector in Bangladesh?" at the Lakeshore Hotel in the capital.

The CPD said commercial banks need to be strengthened, the independence of the Bangladesh Bank should be upheld, a conducive legal environment must be created, and a banking commission needs to be set up.

To read the rest of the news, please click on the link above.
 

Loans, deposits rise in Islamic banks despite severe liquidity crisis
Islamic banks' outstanding loans rise by 1.43%, deposits 1.27% in February than January

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Outstanding loans and deposits both increased in full-fledged 10 local Islamic banks in February this year although six of them have been facing severe liquidity crisis for more than a year.

Outstanding loans at the 10 banks stood at Tk 455,525 crore, up by Tk 6,452 crore from a month earlier, according to the latest data of the Bangladesh Bank.

At the same time, deposits in those banks hit Tk 380,066 crore, up by Tk 4,762 crore from January.

Massive loan irregularities have been taking a huge toll on six Islamic banks: Islami Bank Bangladesh, Social Islami Bank, First Security Islami Bank, Union Bank, Global Islami Bank and ICB Islamic Bank.

The rest four—Al Arafah Islami Bank, Standard Bank, Exim Bank and Shahjalal Islami Bank—have been doing comparatively well, industry insiders said.

The money being added in the form of interest has also played an important role for the increase in Islamic banks' outstanding loans and deposits in February, experts said.

Despite being in a bad shape, the problematic six are still disbursing loans, which is fuelling the outstanding loans at Islamic banks, they added.

The six have been facing shortfalls in cash reserve ratio and statutory liquidity ratio for a long time along with being hit by a deficit at their current accounts with the central bank.

Some of them continue to take liquidity support from the banking regulator, said a senior official of the Bangladesh Bank seeking anonymity.

Some Islamic banks are largely involved in loan irregularities, which have deteriorated their corporate governance, Mohammed Nurul Amin, former chairman of the Association of Bankers Bangladesh, told The Daily Star recently.​
 

Nagad Digital Bank becomes country's first scheduled digital bank
Bangladesh Bank gave digital bank licence to Nagad today
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Nagad Digital Bank PLC has become the first company to receive a digital bank licence given by the Bangladesh Bank (BB).

The BB today listed Nagad Digital as a scheduled bank, according to a notice of the banking watchdog.

"We have been advocating for a digital bank to transform Bangladesh into a smart economy through cashless transactions," Tanvir A Mishuk, founder and CEO of Nagad Ltd, said after receiving the licence at a programme at the Bangladesh Bank headquarters in Dhaka.

The board of directors of the regulator gave the final approval for Nagad on May 28 after it met the criteria mentioned in the letter of intent (LoI) handed over to it in October last year.

Nagad Digital Bank has issued 12.5 crore shares among seven sponsors. Of them, three companies -- Osiris Capital Partners (USA), Blue Haven Ventures (USA) and Finclusion Ventures Pte Ltd (Singapore) -- hold more than 10 percent shares.

The remaining four shareholders are: Zen FinTech (USA), Trupay Technologies, Farhan Karim Khan and Fintechtual Holdings Ltd, the only local shareholder.

Meanwhile in another notice, the banking regulator gave go-ahead to Osiris Capital, Blue Haven and Finclusion to hold more shares than the directors' allowed limit quoted in the country's existing banking laws.

Under the present Bank Company Act, a person, organisation, company, or member of the same family cannot hold more than 10 percent share directly or indirectly in a company.

However, the permission for Nagad came after the finance ministry extended the exemption under a provision of the Bank Company Act 1991 on March 27.
 

Surge in state-owned bank bad loans warrants special attention
07 June, 2024, 00:00

A SURGE in non-performing loans in state-run banks, already plagued by non-performing loans of about 25 per cent of the total outstanding loans, shows the failure of the authorities to go tough on loan defaulters. This also shows the futility of concessions that the authorities have earlier given to loan defaulters. Non-performing loans in the six banks soared, as Bangladesh Bank figures show, by Tk 6,805 crore in January–March. Defaulted loans in the banks surged to Tk 85,870 crore in March, up from Tk 79,065 crore in December 2023 and Tk 60,642 crore in March 2023. Defaulted loans in the banks account for almost 60 per cent of the total default loans in the banking sector. The banks are Sonali Bank, Janata Bank, Agrani Bank, Rupali Bank, Bangladesh Development Bank and BASIC Bank. The defaulted loans of Janata Bank skyrocketed to a record Tk 30,495 crore in March from Tk 25,009 crore in December 2023, accounting for 31 per cent of its total loan disbursement. Non-performing loans at Agrani Bank account for 28 per cent of its total disbursement while bad loans at Sonali and Rupali account for 14.84 per cent and 21 per cent of their respective loan disbursement. Non-performing loans at BASIC and Bangladesh Development Bank account for a staggering 63 per cent and 33.97 per cent of their total respective loan disbursement.

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Islamic banks' deposits, investments on wane
JUBAIR HASAN
Published :
Jun 11, 2024 00:54
Updated :
Jun 11, 2024 00:54

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A crisis of confidence among clients following massive lending malpractices lands Islamic banking in Bangladesh in a quandary with liquidity crunch bedeviling their operations, according to official disclosure.

From deposit to investment, and even in case of wage earners' remittance, the shariah-based banking operations keep losing their share in recent months, which becomes a matter of concern particularly to a section of unconventional bankers.

According to Islamic banking-related statistics of Bangladesh Bank, the country's central bank, Islamic banking held 23.86 per cent of the entire deposit portfolio with the country's banking system, as of December 2023.

But, on a slide, the share came down to 23.56 per cent in January 2024 and dropped further down to 23.44 per cent in March.

In terms of investment, such unconventional banking accounted for 24.81 per cent of the total investment made through the banking system up to last December. But their share rose to 28.92 per cent in January. Thereafter, a downturn came: the shariah-based banks saw their share drop to 24.86 per cent until March 2024.

Such massive fall of share was also observed in remittance earning, considered one of the main strengths of such banking operations. The Islamic banking bagged 47.92 per cent of the country's overall remittance earnings through the formal channel. In the following month was there a turnaround with the share having increased to 51.57 per cent.

But, since then, the share has shrunk continuously to reach 41.46 per cent and 37.95 per cent in February and March respectively, according to the central bank's data.

Seeking anonymity, a BB official said there were a number of media reports regarding massive-scale loan-related irregularities in these unconventional banks which might shatter people's confidence.

"These could be a reason behind such fall in market share," the central banker said.

Managing director of an Islamic bank, who preferred not to be quoted by name, said savers started diverting their funds into the conventional banks despite their various steps to convince them.

"As a matter of fact, the growth of deposits in such banks slowed down in recent times, which is probably reflected in the data. The contribution of the shariah-based banks in terms of receiving remittance was huge even a few months ago but it has dropped remarkably in recent times.

"And it is a matter of serious concerns for us. But we're trying our best to improve the situation," he added.

A week ago, American credit-rating agency Fitch said liquidity shortages were still affecting Bangladesh's Islamic banking sector, which is more vulnerable than the conventional banks.

It said though the Islamic-banking market share is sizable in Bangladesh, it has been stagnant over the past two years.

The agency attributed the rot partly to the flight of deposits, governance issues and comparatively lax prudential requirements for Islamic banks.

However, some Islamic banks have been perfirming well in an adverse environment.​
 

Bank sector needs overhaul to rescue economy
Staff Correspondent 12 June, 2024, 22:26

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Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Dhaka president Kamran T Ahmed welcomes economic affairs adviser to the prime minister Mashiur Rahman at a post-budget discussion organised jointly by the MCCI and the Policy Research Institute at the MCCI auditorium in the capital Dhaka on Wednesday. Economist Ahsan H Mansur and PRI chairman Zaidi Sattar, among others, were present. | Press release

Economist Ahsan H Mansur on Wednesday said that the country's economy would collapse if a strategy for restructuring the ailing banking sector was not taken straightaway.

He made the remark at a post-budget discussion organised jointly by the Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Dhaka and the Policy Research Institute at the MCCI auditorium in the capital Dhaka.

In the keynote, Mansur, also the executive director of the PRI, said that the financial system in Bangladesh was shrinking and the proposed budget was silent about structural reforms that the government needed to initiate in the financial sector with particular focus on the banking sector.

He said that officially the amount of non-performing loans in the banking sector increased further to Tk 1.82 trillion, but the real figure of NPL could be as high as Tk 4 trillion or 22 per cent of the total assets of the banking system.

'Some banks have NPL as high as 60 to 70 per cent of their total assets, making those banks de facto bankrupt. This cannot continue for long,' Ahsan said, adding that merger of weaker banks with stronger ones appeared to have failed due to lack of political support and deficiencies in designing the framework for consolidation.

He urged the government not to bail out bankrupt banks.

Mentioning that the Bangladesh Bank could help reduce high inflation rates by taking a few key actions, including adopting a strong monetary policy, avoiding injecting liquidity in the form of liquidity support to commercial banks and refraining from printing extra money to cover the government›s budget deficit, he said that inflation should begin to decrease within six to nine months if these steps were strictly followed.

'Taking cue from the international experience, we can expect that the inflation rate will come down to 6-5 per cent if similar developments happen in Bangladesh,' he said.

Zaidi Sattar, chairman of the PRI, discussed the 'Made in Bangladesh' initiative in the budget.

He mentioned that if policies supporting 'Made in Bangladesh' focused on selling products globally, the country›s economic growth could increase by 7-8 per cent, potentially reaching 10 per cent.

Kamran T Ahmed, president of the MCCI, said that to implement the budget properly, reformation of tax policies, automation of the tax system, reducing system losses in the overall tax collection, capacity enhancement of tax administration and adequate services delivery to the public were necessary.

'We also believe in having an interim evaluation of the budget after every three months,' he said

Mashiur Rahman, economic affairs adviser to the prime minister, said that focus should be given on increasing productivity, as well as on diversification of products and markets.

He also said, 'The government should take steps with significant investments to create more employment in the country.'

Habibullah N Karim, senior vice-president of the MCCI, among others, was present in the discussion.​
 

Six state banks struggle to recover written-off debts
REZAUL KARIM
Published :
Jun 15, 2024 00:06
Updated :
Jun 15, 2024 00:06
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Six state-owned commercial banks altogether recovered a nominal amount of their written-off loans against the government targets during the first quarter of the current calendar year, show Bangladesh Bank data, as a former central bank governor has accused bankers of not being serious enough about loan recovery.

The six state-owned commercial banks -- all fully or majority-owned by the government -- are Sonali Bank, Bangladesh Development Bank Limited (BDBL), Basic Bank, Agrani Bank, Janata Bank and Rupali Bank.

Sonali Bank, BDBL, Basic Bank, Agrani Bank and Janata Bank only recovered 0.8 per cent, 0.15 per cent, 1.89 per cent, 3.50 per cent, and 4.57 per cent of their targets, respectively, in the January-March quarter. Rupali Bank, however, collected 53.86 per cent of its target during the first three months.

"Bankers at state-owned banks appear reluctant and lack seriousness in collecting written-off loans," said former Bangladesh Bank governor Salehuddin Ahmed. "They receive salaries and allowances regularly regardless of the deteriorating financial health of these banks."

Mr Ahmed added that borrowers from state-run banks are often influential and many fail to repay their loans. This leads to a hefty portion of disbursed loans becoming classified (non-performing) and eventually written off after a set period.

He suggested strengthening loan recovery efforts, including complying with central bank directives on the matter.

The total amount of written-off loans by state-owned commercial banks was Tk 181.17 billion in March 2024, down slightly from Tk 182.46 billion in March 2023.

The breakdown of written-off loans by bank in December 2023 was as follows: Sonali Bank over Tk 66.11 billion; Janata Bank Tk 32.42 billion; Agrani Bank Tk 39.41 billion; Rupali Bank Tk 5.67 billion; Bangladesh Development Bank Tk 13.27 billion; and Basic Bank Tk 24 billion.


Already burdened with heavy NPLs

The six banks are struggling under the weight of a large volume of non-performing loans (NPLs) -- an earlier stage of loan write-off.

Central bank data from March showed that the six state-owned commercial banks had Tk 858.70 billion in NPLs. These loans can eventually turn into bad debts, leading to a further rise in overall NPLs.

Sources in banking circles indicate that the NPL situation in the sector has been worsening for the past one and a half decades.

Banks are required to set aside provisions for a certain percentage of these loans on their balance sheets. The central bank scrutinises written-off loans quarterly.

If someone borrows money from a bank and can't pay it back, the bank considers the loan a bad debt because getting their money back seems unlikely. This is called a written-off loan. It is like removing the loan from the bank's "good stuff" list and marking it as a loss.

There are stages before a loan gets written-off. If the borrower misses payments for a while, the loan becomes non-performing. This is like a warning sign for the bank. They might try to work with the borrower to get them back on track, but if things do not improve, the loan could eventually get written-off.

The more non-performing loans a bank has, the more likely they are to write some of them off.

"While written-off loans can improve the short-term picture of a bank's balance sheet, they reduce capital base and profits in the long run. These loans also have a negative impact on a bank's business and investment activities," said a high-ranking official from the Bangladesh Bank.

To read the rest of the news, please click on the link above.
 

Banks' surging investments in bills, bonds shrink loanable funds
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Banks in Bangladesh are increasing their investments in Treasury bills and bonds to net higher profits from the rising interest rate, a development that has squeezed the availability of loans for borrowers.

This has forced a section of banks to continuously secure liquidity support from the Bangladesh Bank to meet their day-to-day fund requirements.

The government has used the bills and bonds to borrow Tk 78,117 crore from banks between July 1 and May 29 this fiscal year, up 337 percent from Tk 17,883 crore during the same period a year ago, central bank data BB showed.

The escalated borrowing through bills and bonds came after the central bank stopped lending to the government since such injection of funds into the economy fuels inflation, which has stayed above 9 percent for nearly two years and shows no signs of cooling.

The government plans to borrow Tk 137,500 crore from banks to finance the deficit in the proposed budget for 2024-25.

Banks are also more interested in investing in bills and bonds than lending to the private sector because of the rising interest rate. Government instruments are also secure whereas loans can turn sour.

"Therefore, banks are keener about Treasury bills and bonds and a major portion of their surplus liquidity has been invested in the tools," a central banker said.

The interest rate of Treasury bills now ranges from 11.60 percent to 12 percent whereas it was 6.75 percent to 7.75 percent in June last year. The interest rate of bonds recently jumped to a 15-year high of 12.75 percent.

Bills have short-term maturities while bonds have long maturities.

Owing to the higher investments by banks in government securities, excess liquidity, which includes cash and cash-equivalent assets, including Treasury bills and bonds, has risen in the banking system.

Excess liquidity stood at Tk 1,76,205 crore at the end of April, up 5 percent from Tk 1,66,825 crore a month earlier, central bank data showed.

A senior banker said although bills and bonds are considered liquid assets, they can't be turned into cash instantly because the secondary market is yet to become vibrant. Thus, the volume of surplus liquidity reported by the BB is not the actual liquid asset situation.

"This is evidenced by the liquidity stress confronting several banks."

Banks have collectively obtained around Tk 20,000 crore from the central bank through repo (repurchase agreement) and assured liquidity support tools in the past six months.

Mirza Elias Uddin Ahmed, managing director of Jamuna Bank, said although the surplus liquidity has increased, many banks are still taking liquidity support from the central bank.

"There is a liquidity mismatch in the banking sector. Some Islamic banks have been experiencing a liquidity crisis for more than one year. This has impacted the overall banking sector."

Another factor that has made banks cautious when it comes to lending is unbridled bad loans: default loans hit an all-time high of Tk 182,295 crore in March.

The demand for fresh loans has also declined as there has been a slowdown in the economy for the past two years owing to the lingering impacts of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war.

Recently, borrowers have adopted a go-slow approach in expanding their footprint amid the climbing interest rate.

Customers enjoyed a maximum 9 percent lending rate between April 2020 and June last year after the central bank introduced the ceiling to keep the cost of funds lower with a view to spurring industrialisation. However, amid lingering inflation, it was forced to scrap the cap in July last year, and on May 8, it even left the interest rate in the hands of the market.

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Push-button mobile banking outshining traditional bank operations
Published :
Jun 20, 2024 00:06
Updated :
Jun 20, 2024 00:06
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Push-button mobile banking is flourishing fast as 20.80 per cent of Bangladesh's people now hold such device-based bank accounts with unbanked population increasingly coming under its network, latest official findings show.

As of last April, the volume of transactions through all types of MFS ballooned to Tk 1.44 trillion.

Mobile-banking transactions can be done by using the mobile phone or from agent points. This is now much popular as Tk 25,000 can be transacted a day by an accountholder or Tk 150,000 a month.

In rural areas, the rate of mobile accountholders is 21.82 per cent while 18.75 per cent in urban areas.

Such picture comes clear from a latest survey conducted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics or BBS under the headline 'Socioeconomic and Demographic Survey 2023'. Population aged 10 years and above in the country with account in financial services came under such headcount.

They mainly open account with leading mobile-phone financial services --- bKash, Nagad, Rocket, Upay etc --with the rate being 28.33 per cent for male and 13.43 per cent for female.

The national statistical bureau says if a person has an account in a bank or non-bank financial institution, either individually or jointly, with any institution where financial transactions occur, that person is regarded as an accountholder in that financial institution.

Some 18.09 per cent have accounts with multiple financial institutions-with 26.02 per cent and 10.33 per cent for male and female respectively.

It is stated that 47.43 per cent of people in the country have financial accounts in banks, financial institutions, MFS, insurance, microcredit institutions, post offices, capital markets (BO or beneficiary owner account) and National Savings Directorate.

However some 52.57 per cent of the population does not have any account in financial institution.

In banks, some 5.85 per cent of the population has accounts while 0.09 per cent in non-bank financial institutions. Some 2.36 per cent of people have accounts with microcredit institutions or NGOs while 0.11 per cent in insurance companies.

And 0.10 per cent of the people have accounts with cooperative societies while 0.02 per cent in post office accounts.

Upcountry area like Rangpur division has the highest number of MFS accounts of 28.1 per cent followed by Barishal with 24.26 per cent.

Chattogram has the lowest number of MFS accounts at 18.11 per cent.

"Government payments and salary disbursement and cash-out transactions are major products," says the BBS in its survey report.

Currently, 10 banks and 3 subsidiary companies are providing MFS as an alternative payment channel in the country.​
 

Islami Bank dethrones Sonali Bank to become largest lender by deposits
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Islami Bank Bangladesh PLC has become the largest lender in the country by total deposits for the first time, surpassing Sonali Bank PLC, despite loan scams in recent years.

The Shariah-compliant bank attracted deposits of Tk 153,456 crore in 2023, an increase of around 9 percent year-on-year.

Sonali Bank, the largest state-run lender, mobilised deposits worth Tk 150,606 crore, up 6 percent, according to the financial reports.

This makes Islami Bank the largest bank in Bangladesh in terms of deposits and loans (investments). Its lending has been much higher than the state-run lender for several years.

"Islami Bank receives higher deposits due mainly to religious factors," said Toufic Ahmad Choudhury, director-general of the Bangladesh Academy for Securities Markets.

"Apart from this, people have limited investment opportunities to keep their funds safe. People can buy land and flats, but they are also cheated. Therefore, banks have managed to retain the trust of depositors."

Established in 1983, Islami Bank was the first Shariah-based bank in Southeast Asia. It has been facing crisis since 2017 when S Alam Group took it over. Since then, its financial health has been deteriorating and many sponsors have already pulled out.

It has recently come under scrutiny due to widespread financial scams. For example, the bank allegedly disbursed Tk 7,246 crore in loans to nine companies in 2022 violating banking norms.

Choudhury, also a former director-general of the Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management, said many depositors don't bother about whether banks are safe options or not, and they have little knowledge about how financial institutions use the funds to generate incomes.

Private banks are also expanding their footprint by setting up agent banking outlets and by launching mobile financial services and internet banking. On the back of new technologies, they are growing fast while state-run banks are lagging.

In terms of network, Sonali Bank is still the largest lender in Bangladesh and much ahead of Islami Bank.

Islami Bank had 394 branches at the end of 2023 whereas it was 1,232 for Sonali Bank. State-run Agrani Bank came second with 978 branches and Janata was third-placed with 928 branches.

Choudhury said Sonali Bank has to give many government services, and it can't focus on collecting deposits like its private-sector competitors. "However, this bank's financial performance is improving."

Historically, people have had more trust in state-run banks, and they expanded their footprint across the country through branches, which netted them comparatively higher deposits.

Janata Bank collected the third-highest volume of deposits of Tk 110,341 crore last year. It was Tk 98,540 crore for Agrani Bank, Tk 66,731 crore for Rupali Bank, and Tk 60,574 crore for Pubali Bank, their financial reports showed.

Among the foreign banks, Standard Chartered Bangladesh raised the highest deposit at Tk 41,940 crore, a year-on-year increase of around 15 percent.

Pubali Bank posted a 19 percent growth to Tk 60,574 crore, becoming the top deposit collector among local conventional banks.

A top banker said depositors of Shariah-based banks usually don't keep funds with conventional banks, and the number of depositors in Islamic banks is rising steadily.

"Besides, financially strong and sound banks get more deposits."

Islami Bank lent Tk 141,035 crore in 2023. Sonali Bank came second in the category by extending loans amounting to Tk 102,399 crore.

Janata, Agrani, and Pubali Bank were among the top lenders.

Although Islami Bank topped the chart in attracting deposits and providing loans, it ranked lowly in the list of top profit-makers.

Standard Chartered Bangladesh posted the highest profit among all banks, netting a record Tk 2,335 crore in 2023 followed by HSBC's Tk 999 crore, BRAC Bank's Tk 827 crore, Dutch-Bangla Bank's Tk 801 crore, Sonali Bank's Tk 747 crore, and Pubali Bank's Tk 697 crore.

Another top banker said many people keep their funds with Shariah-based banks even if they offer a lower return or their financial strength is weak.

"They keep funds with a view to avoiding interests in conventional banks. Even, some of my close relatives don't keep funds in my banks," he said. "So, this is a pure case of belief."​
 

State banks nowhere near target to retrieve funds from top defaulters


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Four state-run banks in Bangladesh are finding it difficult to recoup loans from their top 20 defaulters, a failure that has worsened their financial health and squeezed their capacity further to lend.

Sonali, Janata, Agrani and Rupali repeatedly hit the loan recovery target set by the central bank as per its memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the four largest banks of the country by branches.

It came although the government is under pressure to reduce the bad loans of state-run banks to 10 percent by 2026 as per prescriptions of the International Monetary Fund as part of its $4.7 billion loan programme.

Bad loans held by the six state-owned banks, which also include Bangladesh Development Bank Ltd and BASIC Bank, totalled Tk 65,781 crore in December, making up 20.99 percent of their outstanding credits.

Last year, Sonali Bank was asked to recoup Tk 300 crore from the top defaulters, data from the Bangladesh Bank showed. The lender managed to recover only 12 percent of the amount fixed. It was, however, an improvement from the 4 percent posted in 2022.

The bank's bad loans amounted to Tk 13,340 crore in December. Of the sum, more than Tk 4,000 crore was held by the top 20 defaulters.

T & Brothers, Hallmark Group, Modern Steel Mills, Fairtrade International, Ratanpur Steel Re-Rolling Mills, and Sonali Jute Mills are the largest delinquent borrowers.

Among them, Hallmark's loan hit hard the largest lender of Bangladesh by branches.

The bank's Ruposhi Bangla Hotel branch lent Hallmark Group and five other companies Tk 3,547 crore between 2010 and 2012 on forged documents. The businesses embezzled the entire amount in collusion with some bank officials.

Officials said that despite repeated attempts, the bank has not been able to make significant gains in reclaiming funds from the major defaulters.

Speaking to The Daily Star, Md Afzal Karim, managing director of Sonali Bank, said legal proceedings are underway to recover funds from Hallmark.

"We have come a long way under the process," he said, adding that several properties of Hallmark Group will come under the bank's control this year.

Janata Bank was given a target to raise Tk 870 crore from the top defaulters last year. It was able to recover only 5 percent of the target, down from 11 percent in 2022.

In December, AnonTex Group, S Alam Group, Crescent Group, Ranka Group, Ratanpur Group, Rimex Footwear, Chowdhury Group, Thermax Group, and Sikder Group were on the list of top 20 defaulters of Janata Bank.

However, Thermax and Sikder Group's bad loans were shown as unclassified in the classified loan statement since a writ has been filed with the High Court.

AnonTex has the highest amount of bad loans at Tk 7,708 crore with Janata Bank. The garment manufacturer is largely responsible for the ailing situation of the lender.

In 2022, Janata Bank decided to waive an interest of Tk 3,359 crore of AnonTex on the condition of a one-off loan repayment. The waiver was cancelled later.

Officials of Janata Bank said AnonTex is going to get an opportunity to repay the loans by selling collateralised properties.

At Tk 25,009 crore, Janata Bank had the highest volume of default loans among lenders in Bangladesh in December. It rose to Tk 30,495 crore in March this year, central bank data showed.

This forced the bank to stop giving out large loans and focus on getting back the unpaid loans from the top borrowers.

Recently, Janata's Managing Director Md Abdul Jabbar told The Daily Star that he was worried that the bank's bad loans would surge.

Agrani Bank got back only 3 percent of the Tk 685 crore recovery target set for 2023. Owing to the lacklustre collection from the defaulters, the bank's bad loans increased to Tk 21,476 crore from Tk 15,400 crore in 2022.

Zakia Group, JoJ Bhuiya Group, Tanaka Group, and Dhaka Hide & Skin Ltd are the top defaulters of the bank.

A senior official of the bank said Agrani is going to form a separate team to recover the bad loans from the top defaulters.

Of the four state-run banks, Rupali's performance was comparatively better than the other in terms of loan recovery.

The BB gave a goal of retrieving Tk 350 crore from the big defaulters last year. The lender attained 20 percent of the target.

As of June last year, Nurjahan Group, Benetex Industries, A Net Spin Ltd, Virgo Media (Channel 9), HR Spinning Mills, Ibrahim Consortium, SA Group and M Rahman Steel were among its top defaulters.

The bank's bad loans were at Tk 10,043 crore in 2023, up from Tk 9,225 crore a year ago, BB data showed.

Yesterday, Rupali Bank Managing Director Mohammad Jahangir said the bank has maintained regular contact with the top defaulters and taken steps to fast-track the legal procedures against the defaulters.

"We got good results last year thanks to our efforts. We will keep up the momentum."​
 

Two banks, one NBFI top sustainable lenders' list for fourth straight year
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File photo

Two banks and one non-bank financial institution (NBFI) have featured as the top lenders in sustainable financing for four years in a row, according to the Sustainability Rating 2023 report published by the Bangladesh Bank today.

The latest rating showed that BRAC Bank and City Bank have been part of the list since the BB launched the rating in 2020. Among NBFIs, IDLC Finance kept its place as one of the top sustainable financial companies.

The number of banks and financial institutions in the list increased to 13 in 2023 from 11 the previous year, as per the BB report.

The central bank introduced the rating four years ago to encourage lending to green, environment-friendly initiatives and sustainable agriculture.

The rating also listed Eastern Bank, Exim Bank, Jamuna Bank, Mutual Trust Bank, Trust Bank and Uttara Bank as the top sustainable banks, with IPDC Finance and United Finance featuring under the finance companies category.

The central bank considers financing green projects, sustainable agriculture, and cottage, micro, small, and medium enterprise finance as sustainable financing.

It also considers the performance of the lenders in giving access to sustainable finance for women, in-house green banking and environment and social risk management compliance.

Moreover, the BB evaluates the sustainability criteria of the banks by analysing factors like intervention by the directors of the financial institutions, capacity-building initiatives, and sustainable finance disclosures among others.​
 

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