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[🇧🇩] China is a Time Tested Friend and a Strategic Partner of Bangladesh

[🇧🇩] China is a Time Tested Friend and a Strategic Partner of Bangladesh
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Bangladeshis need to learn Chinese language


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Bangladeshi students play a game of Chinese characters during a celebration of the United Nations Chinese Language Day in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on April 25, 2024 —Xinhua Photo

Fourteen years ago, on 21 September 2012, I wrote an article titled "Motivation to Learn Chinese Language." I argued then that the ability to speak Bengali, English and Chinese simultaneously could become a valuable combination for Bangladeshis in education, employment, business and international engagement. At that time, however, no newspaper agreed to publish the article, either in English or Bengali.

I mention this today not as a complaint, but because the situation has changed remarkably. The idea that seemed premature in 2012 is now becoming increasingly relevant to Bangladesh's education, skills development and employment policies.

My own journey with Chinese began much earlier. In 1988, while serving in the Bangladesh Army, I went to China to study the Chinese language. Since my retirement in 2008, I have devoted much of my time to promoting Chinese-language education and Bangladesh-China relations. I have personally taught Chinese to more than 3,500 learners from Bangladesh and other countries. Over the years, I have seen many of my learners obtain employment using Chinese, often with better remuneration; others have used the language successfully in business and other professions, while many have gone to China for higher studies too. These experiences have convinced me that Chinese is not merely an additional language-it can be a practical career skill, especially for Bangladeshi people.

The global picture supports this experience. Chinese is now one of the world's most widely learned foreign languages. More than 200 million people worldwide have been reported to be learning Chinese, and it has been incorporated into the education systems of dozens of countries. The HSK Chinese-proficiency testing network now extends across a large part of the world. This is no longer a language learned only by diplomats, China specialists or scholars; it is increasingly being learned for education, employment, business and communication.

For Bangladesh, the opportunity is particularly important.

China is already one of Bangladesh's most important economic and development partners. Chinese companies are involved in infrastructure, power, construction, manufacturing, telecommunications, transport and other sectors. As these activities expand, the demand for Bangladeshis who can communicate effectively in Chinese is also increasing.

I was fortunate to be present at the National Skills Development Authority (NSDA) validation workshop on Chinese-language competency standards and the Course Accreditation Document on 25 August 2026, where I personally heard Chinese Ambassador to Bangladesh H E Yao Wen speak. His message was especially significant. He said that more than 100,000 Bangladeshis are learning Chinese and emphasised that Chinese-language ability should be combined with technical and vocational skills. He further pointed out that skilled Bangladeshis with Chinese-language proficiency could work not only in Chinese companies in Bangladesh but also in Chinese projects in other countries.

This opens a much bigger horizon.

Bangladesh is one of the world's major suppliers of manpower. We should now aim to send abroad not only workers, but skilled workers who possess an additional international language. A Bangladeshi technician, engineer, electrician, construction supervisor, IT professional, hospitality worker or business executive who can communicate in Chinese can potentially compete for opportunities associated with Chinese enterprises in Bangladesh and overseas.

This has a natural connection with China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China's growing international economic engagement. Wherever Chinese companies work on infrastructure, industry, logistics or other projects, communication between Chinese and local professionals is essential. Chinese-speaking Bangladeshi professionals could therefore become part of a much larger international employment market.

Bangladesh could even aspire to become a regional hub for Chinese-language and skills training for overseas employment.

There is now strong official momentum behind this idea. During Prime Minister Tarique Rahman's visit to China in June 2026, Bangladesh and China signed agreements covering a range of areas, including education and vocational cooperation. Mandarin was prioritised as a third language in Bangladesh, alongside an increased emphasis on technical and vocational education. The visit also opened new avenues for cooperation in healthcare and other sectors.

Education Minister Dr A N M Ehsanul Hoque Milon has also repeatedly emphasised the importance of third-language education and developing students into globally competitive skilled citizens. Speaking at the China-Bangladesh Education Cooperation Forum in May, he stressed that third-language education should help Bangladesh face the challenges of globalization and that Chinese education could open international employment opportunities.

These developments represent a major change from 2012. What was then largely an idea advocated by individuals has now begun to receive serious policy attention.

Bangladesh also does not have to start from zero. Chinese-language education has been promoted for years by universities, Confucius Institutes and classrooms, private academies and community organisations. Among the private and voluntary initiatives, Zhong Meng Chinese Academy (ZMCA) has been providing Chinese education through residential, offline and online programmes, while Yi Dai Yi Lu Chinese Academy and other institutions have also contributed to the spread of Chinese learning. We Speak Chinese Club Bangladesh Limited (WSCC) has been promoting Chinese-language learning, people-to-people contact, interpretation, educational programmes and China-related activities. Its members have also helped learners with employment, business and higher studies in China.

These initiatives deserve encouragement, but Bangladesh needs a much larger and better-coordinated national effort. The experiences of our Asian neighbours are instructive. India has introduced Mandarin in selected schools and universities and continues to maintain Chinese-language programmes despite the complexities of its relationship with China. Pakistan has developed Chinese-language programmes through universities and Confucius Institutes, including degree and professional courses. Sri Lanka has expanded Chinese teaching and teacher training in schools, while Nepal and Myanmar have increasingly linked Chinese learning with tourism, industry and employment. Thailand has long developed Chinese-language education connected with business and higher education.

The Western experience also deserves attention. For many years, universities and schools in the United States, Britain, Australia and other Western countries actively encouraged Mandarin because of China's growing economic and global importance. Enrolment patterns have changed in some institutions in recent years for a variety of geopolitical, demographic and institutional reasons. But this does not alter the basic value of Chinese. The important lesson for Bangladesh is that language education becomes sustainable when it is connected to real educational, professional and economic opportunities.

Another emerging area is medical tourism. As medical cooperation between Bangladesh and China expands, more Bangladeshis may travel to China for specialised treatment. Chinese-speaking Bangladeshi doctors, nurses, medical coordinators, interpreters and tourism professionals could play an increasingly important role. The easier communication becomes, the more comfortable and efficient medical travel can be.

Some people still believe that Chinese is too difficult to learn. I do not agree. When I first studied Chinese in the 1980s, learning resources were limited. Today, the situation is completely different. The internet, smartphones, online classes, digital dictionaries, Pinyin, video lessons, social media and communication platforms have made Chinese much more accessible. Modern learners can hear native speakers, practise pronunciation, communicate with Chinese people and access learning materials from almost anywhere. Learning Mandarin is still a serious commitment, but it is certainly more accessible today than it was decades ago.

What should Bangladesh do?

Chinese should be properly incorporated into the country's third-language strategy, with students allowed to connect language learning with their future careers. Chinese should also be taught alongside professional skills-Chinese plus engineering, Chinese plus construction, Chinese plus tourism, Chinese plus healthcare, Chinese plus IT and Chinese plus business.

We urgently need more trained Bangladeshi Chinese-language teachers, recognised certification, modern teaching materials, scholarships, exchange programmes and opportunities for language immersion in China. China can support Bangladesh through teachers, teacher-training programmes, scholarships, digital resources, language laboratories, curriculum development and cooperation between Chinese universities and Bangladeshi educational and technical institutions.

Most importantly, Chinese learning should lead somewhere: to a job, a scholarship, a business opportunity, a professional qualification or a meaningful connection with China. Learning Chinese will not replace English, nor should it. Rather, it can complement Bengali and English and give Bangladeshis another powerful window to the world.

The question for Bangladesh is no longer whether we should learn Chinese. The question is whether we are prepared to act now-or wait another fourteen years.

Lt Col (Retd) Md Shahadat Hossain, psc, MBA, MDS is a Graduate in Chinese Language, Beijing Language and Culture University; Adjunct Professor, Institute of Professional Language (IPL), Bangladesh Maritime University.​
 
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Bangladesh, China’s Yunnan seek to boost trade


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A visiting delegation from China's Yunnan Province met with Bangladeshi officials and business leaders in Dhaka on Sunday to explore avenues for expanding bilateral trade, investment, and broader economic cooperation between Bangladesh and Yunnan.

Mohammad Hasan Arif, Vice Chairman and Chief Executive (Additional Secretary) of the Export Promotion Bureau (EPB), presided over the meeting.

The discussions focused on strengthening existing trade ties, creating new market opportunities, establishing business connections, and expanding mutual trade prospects between Bangladesh and Yunnan Province, reports UNB.

Led by the Department of Commerce of Yunnan Province, the Chinese delegation comprised government officials, entrepreneurs, and business leaders representing various sectors.

The meeting emphasized facilitating direct communication and business partnerships between Yunnan-based enterprises and Bangladeshi government agencies, trade associations, and private sector stakeholders.

Members of the Yunnan delegation expressed keen interest in conducting market research, appointing local agents and distributors, exploring import-export opportunities in agricultural and agro-based products, utilizing logistics services, and gaining insights into Bangladesh’s commercial infrastructure, including Chittagong Port.

The Yunnan Department of Commerce proposed several initiatives, including assessing market demand in Bangladesh for construction materials, engineering products, and agricultural machinery. Their proposals also highlighted visiting local trade exhibitions and commercial markets, building distribution and logistics networks, and expanding exports of agricultural and light industrial goods.

Additionally, the meeting explored creating stronger trade linkages between Yunnan’s product offerings and Bangladeshi textiles and specialized agricultural products.

EPB Vice Chairman Mohammad Hasan Arif underscored the need to complement government-level cooperation with robust Business-to-Business (B2B) interactions, market integration, and strategic commercial partnerships to make economic ties between Bangladesh and Yunnan more dynamic and fruitful.

Both sides agreed to maintain continuous communication across sectors of mutual interest to establish effective commercial links between the business communities of Bangladesh and Yunnan Province.​
 
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Bangladesh eyes further expansion of cooperation with China: Moyeen Khan
United News of Bangladesh. Dhaka 24 September, 2026, 09:56

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Minister Abdul Moyeen Khan speaks at a reception in Dhaka on Wednesday evening marking the 77th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. | Photo: Courtesy

Local government, rural development and cooperatives minister Abdul Moyeen Khan has said Bangladesh-China relations have come a long way and are now poised for further expansion across trade, investment, infrastructure, energy, technology and people-to-people contacts.

‘Our ties span trade, development, infrastructure, energy and industry, and, last but not the least, people-to-people contact,’ he said.

The minister made the remarks as the chief guest at a reception in Dhaka on Wednesday evening marking the 77th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

Chinese ambassador to Bangladesh Yao Wen delivered the welcome remarks at the reception, which was attended by senior political leaders from both the ruling and opposition parties, ministers, senior government officials, diplomats stationed in Dhaka, business leaders, civil society representatives and senior journalists.

The LGRD minister said Bangladesh looks to the next decade with the expectation of further expanding cooperation with China.

‘Bangladesh looks forward to the next decade of further expansion of our cooperation - not only in the area of trade and commerce, but also in the area of friendship and culture,’ he said.

The minister emphasised that future partnerships should not only deliver large-scale infrastructure but also empower people and strengthen small businesses.

‘Small traders can be the best ambassadors between two countries,’ he added.

Recalling prime minister Tarique Rahman’s recent visit to China, Moyeen said the visit had opened the way for transformative projects and described it as a milestone in bilateral relations.

‘The substantive discussions that were held in China and the forward-looking proposals that emerged from those discussions make us happy. That visit was a milestone in our bilateral relationship,’ he said.

Moyeen said Bangladesh looks forward to elevating its partnership with China and building a shared future for the younger generations of the two countries.

‘But between the two countries, we have travelled a long way towards where we are today, and I think this friendship has to be built by taking into account modern times, our technology, our diplomacy and our politics,’ he said.

Moyeen also praised China’s development experience over the past 77 years, saying it offers an important example of transformation in the modern world.

‘China has provided one of the most striking examples of development in our modern history,’ he said, referring to the country’s transformation despite its enormous population and the level of economic development from which it started.

He said Bangladesh, with its limited land and large population, shares an important development priority with China - improving the lives of people who are less privileged.

‘Our priority is also the same: that we want to uplift the rights of the people in society who are not so privileged,’ Moyeen Khan said, while noting that the political philosophies of the two countries may be different.

The minister said Bangladesh remains eager to learn from China’s experience in infrastructure development, technology, innovation and large-scale urbanisation.

‘At the same time, we believe that government-to-government cooperation must provide opportunities and create opportunities for more and more people,’ he said.

The minister stressed the importance of greater exchanges among students, businesspeople, journalists and professionals, saying such contacts can help deepen mutual understanding and widen the scope of future cooperation.

‘People-to-people contact, exchanges of students as well as businesspeople can change the pace of our countries,’ he said.

He also thanked Chinese ambassador Yao Wen for his role in advancing Bangladesh-China friendship and promoting cooperation in trade, investment, infrastructure, energy, healthcare and people-to-people exchanges.

‘I would like to recognise the Ambassador personally for his tireless work in advancing the friendship between the two countries,’ Moyeen said.

Moyeen extended Bangladesh’s best wishes to the government and people of China for continued peace, prosperity and wellbeing.

‘May the friendship between Bangladesh and China continue to flourish, bringing greater progress to our peoples in both countries, and lasting stability to our friendship in this region and in the globe,’ he said.

Recalling a well-known saying, he concluded, ‘please go as far as China if you want knowledge.’

The minister also congratulated the Chinese government and people on the 77th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.​
 
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Confucius Institute launched at Chattogram university


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The Confucius Institute at the University of Chittagong was formally inaugurated in Dhaka on Saturday, marking a new step in educational and cultural cooperation between Bangladesh and China.

The inauguration ceremony was held at the International Convention City Bashundhara (ICCB) in Dhaka, where the University of Chittagong and China’s Yunnan Minzu University jointly established the institute.

The institute received approval from the Chinese International Education Foundation in October 2025.

The two universities subsequently signed a cooperation agreement at the World Chinese Language Conference in Beijing in November 2025.

Zhao Junmin, member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Yunnan Provincial Committee, attended the ceremony as the chief guest.

Yao Wen, Chinese ambassador to Bangladesh; Professor Dr Abdullah-Al-Mamun, member of the University Grants Commission; and Professor Dr Mohammad Al-Forkan, vice-chancellor of the University of Chittagong, were present as special guests.

Also present were Professor Dr Mohammad Al-Amin, pro-vice-chancellor (academic) of the University of Chittagong; Professor Dr Md Shafiqul Islam, pro-vice-chancellor (administration); Ruan Chaoqi, secretary of the Party Committee of Yunnan Minzu University; Professor Dr Md Kamal Uddin, director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Chittagong; and Brigadier General Mohammad Saif Ullah, director general of the Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan, among others.

Representatives from universities and educational institutions in Bangladesh and China, other Confucius Institutes, Chinese organisations and media outlets also attended the event.

The institute is the fourth Confucius Institute in Bangladesh and the first in the country’s southeastern region.

Ruan Chaoqi said Yunnan Minzu University would support the institute by sending more qualified teachers to Bangladesh and helping expand opportunities for Bangladeshi young people to pursue higher education in China.

The Confucius Institute would serve as an important bridge for young people from the two countries to learn Chinese while strengthening friendship and mutual understanding, he said.

Zhao Junmin said Yunnan province would continue to support the Confucius Institute's activities. The province would also help the two universities further develop the institute based on their respective strengths and expertise, he said.

Yao Wen said the institute could play an important role in developing skilled human resources needed for industrial development in the Chattogram region and for Bangladesh-China trade and economic cooperation.

It could also help build a community with a shared future between Bangladesh and China in the new era, he said.

Professor Dr Abdullah-Al-Mamun expressed hope that the Confucius Institute at the University of Chittagong would set an example for other higher education institutions in Bangladesh through new initiatives and experiences.

Guests later jointly unveiled the nameplate of the Confucius Institute at the University of Chittagong.

The inauguration ceremony also featured cultural performances by students and institutions from both countries. Yunnan Minzu University presented a traditional lion dance and a martial arts performance titled “The Wushu Spirit of China”.

The Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan presented “The Rhythms of Bangladesh”, while Chinese students studying Bengali at Yunnan Minzu University performed Bengali songs.

The performances highlighted the cultural diversity of Bangladesh and China, as well as the friendship between the two countries.

The launch of the Confucius Institute at the University of Chittagong is expected to deepen educational and cultural exchanges between Bangladesh and China. As the first Confucius Institute in southeastern Bangladesh, it will offer Chinese language education while serving as a platform for broader cultural exchange.

Through language and culture, the institute is expected to contribute to greater mutual understanding and friendship between the peoples of Bangladesh and China, as well as exchanges and mutual learning between the two countries’ civilizations.​
 
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China leads BD's GVC integration

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Fast-advancing China has been the largest trading partner of Bangladesh and now it has also emerged as the top backward-link partner economy of this country with supply of both primary and intermediate goods to feed its export industry.

Backward linkages refer to foreign value added (FVA) produced abroad and used in a country’s total exports. In 2024, FVA accounted for 17.7 per cent or US$ 8.10 billion of Bangladesh’s gross exports. Of the total FVA, $ 3.77 billion came from China.

It means around 46 per cent of the FVA of Bangladeshi exports in the year under review was added by Chinese products. Chinese FVA was also accounted for 8.30 per cent of Bangladesh’s gross exports worth $44.20 billon.


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In other words, China contributes the most towards Bangladesh’s merchandise exports in the form of backward-link partner.

India is the second-largest backward-link partner of Bangladesh as it accounted for 11.60 per cent of FVA of Bangladeshi exports in 2024. The value addition of Indian input was estimated at $0.94 billion in the year under review.

Statistics available with the Regional Integration and Value Chain Analyzer (RIVA), developed by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), unveiled such pictures of trade architecture. For a lack of updated data, the picture for 2025 is not available yet.

RIVA is an online analytical platform developed to support a better understanding of how economies and sectors participate in regional and global value chains (GVC).

GVC DEFINED: The United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) Industrial Analytics Platform defines GVC as the full range of activities (design, production, marketing, distribution and support to the final consumer etc) that are divided among multiple firms and workers across geographic spaces to bring a product from its conception to its end use and beyond.

An economy’s participation in GVCs is generally considered to include the total imported item used in its exports (backward linkages) and its total domestic value-added exports used by importing economies to produce their own exports—better known as forward linkages.


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During the last decade, in between 2015 and 2024 to be precise, Bangladesh’s GVC linkage was mostly driven by backward linkages. RIVA estimate showed that 14.6 per cent of Bangladesh’s gross exports embedded FVA from abroad in 2015, which increased to 17.7 per cent in 2024.

At the same time, the country’s domestic value added (DVA) was 10.60 per cent in 2015, which dropped slightly to 10.40 per cent of gross exports, according to RIVA data. DVA in exports is referred to as forward linkages.

China has already become one of the most dynamic economies of the world in terms of participating in GVCs. As per Global Value Chain Development Report 2025, released by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), GVCs accounted for 46.30 per cent of global trade in the year under review. It also added that in 2024, just 10 economies accounted for 53.5 per cent of global domestic value added (DVA) in exports, with China, the United States and Germany ranking at the top. Thus China is categorised as a high-GVC trader.

The report also shows that Bangladesh is one of the 19 low-GVC traders in the world. In 2010, these economies contributed 0.69 per cent and 0.66 per cent to the global gross and GVC-related export values, respectively. These shares rose to 1.26 per cent and 1.24 per cent in 2024.


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On Bangladesh’s export front, Chinese inputs are heavily concentrated on textiles and textile products, including clothing. In 2024, around 95 per cent of total inputs from China added to the sector, which is also the largest export earnings industry in the country, according to RIVA data.

Statistics available with Bangladesh Bank show cottons, fabrics and fibres account for around 60 per cent of the total raw inputs used in ready-made garment industry in the country.

Again, during 2020-2024, textile and clothing shared around 85 per cent of Bangladesh’s backward linkages in GVC and 51 per cent in forward linkages, revealed the RIVA statistics.

HOW china matters: Textile and clothing exporters are of the view that Chinese fabrics are highly competitive both in terms of prices and qualities. That’s why, even it takes around three weeks to reach Bangladesh from mainland China on sea routes via Singapore and Colombo, there is no adequate alternative sources of imports.

Md Fazlul Hoque, former president of Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BKMEA), told the FE that there are both cost and quality advantages of using Chinese raw materials and intermediate goods in the export-oriented clothing industry in Bangladesh.

“Producers and exporters can import required inputs at competitive prices from China,” he said. “It doesn’t mean the price is always cheap. In many items, China provides very good-quality products at higher, but even competitive, prices.”

He also says that price and quality advantage of Chinese inputs and intermediate items offset the distance to bring these goods from China by sea.

“Around 99 per cent of items are transported through sea routes,” he adds. “Though there was a time when Chinese goods were landed in Chottogram port via Singapore and Colombo taking three weeks on average. In recent years, more products are landed using direct route by reducing the shipment time by at least a week.”

To gain from the reduced time of shipment, importers have to pay higher freight charge. Nevertheless, the additional charge is not a big deal for the importers as they are getting the products earlier.

Nesar Ahmed, a former trade negotiator of Bangladesh at the WTO, opined that there is little to surprise that China led the global value chain integration of Bangladesh.

“RIVA data is well researched and also reflected the reality,” he added. “As it is focused on trade in goods, another interesting dimension will be Bangladesh’s GVC integration in trade in commercial services through China.” At present, trade in commercial services with China accounts for less than one-tenth of trade in goods.

FDI FROM & EXPORTS TO CHINA: Fazlul Hoque, now Administrator of the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI), also has said that China is more interested to increase investment in Bangladesh.

Net inflow of FDI from China stood at $321.15 million in 2025 as the country became the second-largest source of FDI for Bangladesh in the year.

“We are also expecting that Chinese FDI will increase in the near future and it will also increase the integration of Bangladesh in global value chain,” he added.

Statistics available with the central bank show that the stock of Chinese FDI stood at $ 1916.75 million (about $1.92 billion) at the end of 2025.

Bangladesh’s annual export of goods to China is yet to cross $1.0-billion level and the current annual export is around 3.50 per cent of the total trade with China. Moreover, the share of GVCs in Bangladesh’s gross export to China is declining gradually for the last couple of years.

RIVA data show that around 46 per cent of Bangladesh’s gross exports to China was attributable to GVCs in 2015 which declined to 31.7 per cent in 2024.

Meanwhile, imports of goods from China crossed $2 billion level in the last year.​
 
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