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[🇧🇩] Monitoring Bangladesh's Economy

[🇧🇩] Monitoring Bangladesh's Economy
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Forex reserves expected to reach $30b by June
BB Governor pins his hope on rise in remittance, export earnings, foreign financing


FE REPORT
Published :
May 22, 2025 00:29
Updated :
May 22, 2025 00:29

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Bangladesh's foreign-exchange reserves may rise to US$30 billion in a gross account by June, up from the current stock of around $27 billion, in a steady economic rebound, predicts the Bangladesh Bank Governor.

While expressing such optimism Wednesday, Dr Ahsan H Mansur noted that getting to this goal would require improvements in the balance of payments, rise in net foreign assets, and reactivation of the economy through stronger remittance inflows, export earnings, and foreign financing.

The governor made the remarks while speaking as the chief guest at a dissemination event on 'Spatial and Historical Financial Development in Bangladesh', organised at a Dhaka hotel by the Policy Research Institute (PRI) in collaboration with the central bank.

"Some progress has already been made - reserves have started growing - and we expect them to rise further in the coming days," said the BB governor, Ahsan H Mansur, adding that the long-term goal is to raise reserves to $40 billion, although reaching that target will take time.

He stresses greater automation and reduced operating costs in financial institutions, warning that the microcredit system may not be sustainable in the long run due to the sector's high lending rates.

Dr Md Habibur Rahman, Deputy Governor of Bangladesh Bank, attended the event as the special guest, while Dr Nasiruddin Ahmed, former Chairman of the National Board of Revenue (NBR), and Anis Ur Rahman, Executive Director of Bangladesh Bank, also spoke at the event chaired by PRI Chairman Dr Zaidi Sattar.

Dr Ashikur Rahman, Principal Economist at the Policy Research Institute, delivered the keynote presentation at the event, shedding light on a stark inequality in financial access across Bangladesh.

He points out that just 1.0 per cent of loan-account-holders receive 75 per cent of all loans nationwide, while 78 per cent of total lending is concentrated in Dhaka and Chattogram.

Despite decades of bank expansion, he mentions, private banks remain heavily concentrated in the more affluent eastern belt, indicating a lack of outreach to poorer regions.

"In effect, there is circumstantial evidence suggesting that private banks are not banking to the poor," he remarks.

"This research offers the first spatially disaggregated, longitudinal view of banking development in Bangladesh, revealing the invisible gaps that national averages often hide, said Dr Zaidi Sattar.

He emphasizes that financial development must be inclusive, and to achieve that, it is essential to identify and understand where the truly underserved populations are.

Dr Nasiruddin Ahmed said Bangladesh's financial system is under strain due to a high ratio of non-performing loans relative to the total loan volume.

He notes that both the banking and revenue systems are grappling with similar challenges rooted in governance issues, which "must be addressed before undertaking any effective policy mapping".

Citing the example of Amtali Upazila in Barguna, Anis Ur Rahman noted that while the number of deposit accounts in the area doubled, the number of loan accounts declined.

He points out that deposits from regions like Amtali are being channelled as loans to Dhaka and Chattogram, which hinders local development.

"Where is the money coming from, and who is using it?" He questions about an evident financial disparity.

Dr Ahsan H Mansur said over Tk 2.80 trillion had been laundered out from the banking system in the way of depleting foreign-exchange reserves worth $28 billion from $48 billion to $20 billion.

"Where did this money go? It has left the system. This is why our deposit growth is sluggish," the governor told his audience.

Marking the situation as the biggest obstacle for the economy he said printing money to cover this deficit will raise inflation further.

He notes that slow deposit growth and high interest rates indicate a significant outflow of money from the banking system, leading to a liquidity crisis.

Ahsan Mansur blames widespread corruption, irregularities, and unplanned activities under the previous government for the situation and says there is no quick fix for these problems.

He hopes to raise foreign-exchange reserves as quickly as possible, which would require improvements in the balance of payments, an increase in net foreign assets, and a revival of the economy through higher remittances, exports, and foreign financing.

He notes that some progress has already been made, with reserves beginning to recover, and expressed optimism that they would continue to grow.

The microcredit system in the country will not sustain for a longer period competing with banking system as banking system being expanded through low- cost sub-branch system and agent banking system.

He says they would not need to make the comparison themselves - the market would speak for itself.

If agent banking offers loans at an interest rate of 13-14 per cent, he questions why people would choose to borrow at 26-percent interest from microcredit agencies.​
 
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Ambitious reforms urgent for Bangladesh to attract FDI
Says ADB Country Director

Doulot Akter Mala
Published :
May 22, 2025 00:33
Updated :
May 22, 2025 00:33

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Bangladesh urgently needs ambitious reforms to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI) and stimulate domestic private investment by ensuring better coordination among government agencies - especially on policy matters.

In an interview with The Financial Express, Hoe Youn Jeong, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Country Director for Bangladesh, put forward the suggestion to avert further erosion of the already-waning investor confidence as reflected in the declining inflow of FDI.

"The government must streamline and simplify licencing and permit procedures, business regulations, and processes," he said.

The areas that deserve simplification are starting and closing businesses, technology adoption, infrastructure, logistics, cross-border trade, dispute resolution, labour laws, taxation, incentives, and finance.

In FY 2024, the FDI inflows amounted to only 0.4 per cent of GDP, marking a 71-percent fall from July to November last year, according to the ADB Country Director.

Over the past decade (2013-2023), Bangladesh's average FDI inflow stood at just 0.8 per cent of GDP, significantly lower than Cambodia (9.4 per cent), Vietnam (4.6 per cent), and Indonesia (1.9 per cent).

"The government must uphold international standards on labour, human rights, and environmental practices. Genuine reforms in these areas will enhance Bangladesh's competitiveness and reliability as a global investment destination," Mr Jeong noted.

The ADB has revised down Bangladesh's GDP growth forecast for FY 2025 to 3.9 per cent from previous 5.1 per cent, citing political uncertainty, flooding in key sectors, banking vulnerabilities, industrial unrest, and persistent inflation.

Revised export figures for FY2023 and FY2024 have further lowered the growth baseline.

"To stabilise the macroeconomy and sustain growth, Bangladesh needs bold action," Jeong asserted. "This includes diversifying the economy, enacting critical reforms, and increasing public investment in essential infrastructure."

He also called for efforts to promote entrepreneurship, rationalise tariffs, improve business climate, and build resilient urban systems and infrastructure.

As Bangladesh prepares to graduate from the LDC category in November 2026, it faces critical economic challenges.

Mr Jeong underscored the need for economic diversification, reduced reliance on imported energy, shrinking the informal sector, enhancing governance, and building resilience.

According to Bangladesh's national Smooth Transition Strategy, GDP growth may decline by 1.0-2.0 per cent post-graduation due to the loss of trade preferences, concessional financing, and special WTO treatments.

Political uncertainty and financial sector fragilities could compound the risks, he added.

"To manage the transition, we've discussed strategic actions with the interim government," Mr Jeong said.

These include designing an economic stabilisation plan, creating a framework for the FY 2025-26 national budget, advancing priority reforms, enacting a strong LDC transition strategy, and accelerating progress of the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

He said the ADB is also working with the government to address implementation delays in ADB-funded projects by improving project readiness, strengthening agency capacities, enhancing interagency coordination, streamlining procedures, and engaging more with private and development partners.

"By acting decisively, Bangladesh can manage the transition effectively and secure sustainable growth beyond 2026," Jeong said.

Regarding trade, Jeong warned that the new 37 per cent US tariff on Bangladeshi exports, particularly readymade garments (RMG), threatens export earnings. The US is Bangladesh's largest RMG market, accounting for 17 per cent of the country's total exports.

However, the full impact of the tariffs remains unclear as rates may vary and trade dynamics may shift. Much will depend on Bangladesh's relative price competitiveness and trade negotiations.

"If these tariffs negatively affect the US and EU economies, demand for Bangladeshi goods could drop, further limiting export growth," he added.

To mitigate this, Bangladesh must quickly diversify its export products and markets. The Smooth Transition Strategy identifies sectors with strong potential such as manmade-fibre apparel, pharmaceuticals, ICT, agro-processing, leather, light engineering, and shipbuilding.

Effective implementation of the National Tariff Policy 2023, the National Logistics Policy 2024, and new free-trade agreements will be vital. Bangladesh should also pursue constructive dialogue with the US to secure favourable trade terms.

"Rationalising import tariffs is essential for economic diversification. With limited fiscal space, Bangladesh cannot rely on subsidies or incentives to sustain exports," Jeong noted.

He called for removing structural barriers, encouraging innovation, and creating quality jobs. The ADB remains committed to supporting Bangladesh's resilience and competitiveness as it transitions from the LDC (least developed country) status.

"We are working with the government to expedite two proposed policy-based loans that will support key reform efforts," he said.

These loans aim to strengthen the banking sector and promote inclusive, climate-resilient development. A programmatic approach will help the government tackle complex reforms holistically over the medium term.

Jeong highlighted Bangladesh's key strengths: a young workforce (with over 65 per cent working age population), strong remittance inflows, global competitiveness in RMG, strategic location between South and Southeast Asia, and the resilience of its people.

"Upgrading seaports can help Bangladesh become a regional trade hub," he added.

To harness these strengths, Jeong emphasised the need for a comprehensive and strategic reform roadmap. Guided by the 2024 White Paper and reform commission findings, the interim government is building consensus on priority reform actions.

Reforms should focus on business regulation simplification, licencing and permit streamlining, improved inter-agency coordination, and responsible business practices aligned with international standards.

Strengthening public investment, particularly in infrastructure and essential services, is critical. Integrated development of logistics, economic corridors, energy, transport, water, sanitation, urban services, and digital transformation will support sustainable growth.

"These reforms will boost productivity, attract private investment, create jobs, and strengthen supply chains," he said. "As a trusted development partner, ADB stands ready to support Bangladesh in delivering these reforms."​
 
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Foreign exchange reserves to reach $40 billion in next fiscal year, BB governor hopes
UNB
Published :
May 21, 2025 20:09
Updated :
May 22, 2025 00:37

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Bangladesh Bank Governor Dr Ahsan H Mansur on Wednesday projected that the country's foreign exchange reserves will rise to $30 billion by June, with a further target of reaching $40 billion in the upcoming fiscal year.

The governor made the remarks at an event organised by the Policy Research Institute (PRI), highlighting the central bank's outlook on the economy and banking sector.

“By next month, the reserve will be between $27 billion and $30 billion. There is a target to raise the reserve to $40 billion in the next fiscal year,” Dr Mansur said.

He also addressed the challenges facing the microcredit sector, noting that high interest rates are becoming increasingly unsustainable.

“Microcredit with a 26 per cent interest rate cannot survive. Customers are now accessing loans from agent bank branches at nearly half that rate. Over time, microcredit at such high interest will be phased out as it fails to compete,” he said.

As of May 19, the central bank's latest data shows Bangladesh’s gross foreign exchange reserves stand at $25.44 billion.

Under the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6) methodology, usable reserves are reported at just over $20 billion.​
 
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No possibility of dissolving NBR right now: Finance Ministry
BSS
Published :
May 22, 2025 20:34
Updated :
May 22, 2025 20:34

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There is no possibility of dissolving the National Board of Revenue (NBR) right at this moment since it is very much time consuming to implement the recently promulgated “Revenue Policy and Revenue Management Ordnance 2025” after necessary amendments.

“Under the current circumstances, all the operations of the National Board of Revenue (NBR) will continue like in the past,” said a press release of the Ministry of Finance.

It said that the officials and employees of the income tax and customs would conduct their overall operations under the existing system.

The release also said that necessary amendments to the Ordinance would be brought after consultations with the NBR and all important stakeholders to frame the administrative structure of separation of the revenue board upholding the interests of the BCS (tax) and BCS (customs and VAT) cadre.

It mentioned that the government has no plan to reduce the number of posts of the tax, customs and VAT cadres rather their posts would be increased following necessary reforms side by side there would be much more scope for promotions including appointment to the post of secretary.

In this regard, all the officials and employees of the revenue board have been requested to remain present in their respective offices during office hours and thus discharge their respective duties with integrity ahead of the operations of the national budget for FY26 for the greater interest of the country and thus expediting the economic operations of the country through rendering desired services to the taxpayers.

The release said that despite holding fruitful discussions with the government, the NBR Songskar Oikya Parishad announced non-cooperation movement although it has no rational reason.

It said that following the promulgation of the Ordinance, its implementation would be time consuming since a lot of tasks have to be completed like framing the organogram of the two new divisions side by side necessary changes should have to be brought into the Allocation of Business, Income Tax Act, Customs Act, VAT Act and the concerned rules and regulations.​
 
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Govt to amend NBR ordinance
Employees to continue protest

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In the face of turmoil amid continued protest by employees, the government yesterday backtracked from its position and stated it would bring "required amendments" to the new ordinance that split the National Board of Revenue.

It will consult the NBR and other important stakeholders before bringing the changes to the ordinance on tax reform, the finance ministry said in a statement.

"Since implementation of the ordinance is time-consuming after bringing the required revision, activities of the NBR will continue, and officials of customs and income tax cadres will accomplish their duties," the ministry said, urging the protesters to withdraw their ongoing strike.

The statement came hours after the protesters submitted a memorandum to Chief Adviser Prof Muhammad Yunus, pressing a four-point demand that includes repeal of the ordinance bifurcating the NBR and the resignation of its Chairman Abdur Rahman Khan.

The protesters say they are not opposed to the separation itself, but their principal grievance lies in a clause that allows civil servants from the general administration cadre to lead the two new divisions, sidelining experienced officers from the revenue cadre.

The ministry statement said the government has no plan to reduce the number of member posts for customs and tax cadres at the NBR. On the contrary, the number of posts for them is expected to increase after the implementation of the reforms, it added.

The protesting NBR employees welcomed the government's move in a statement late at night, but vowed to resume their protests on Saturday.

They said their core demands, such as the repeal of the ordinance and the resignation of the chairman, were not touched upon in the government statement.​
 
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