[🇵🇰-Navy] Pakistan Navy Ships

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Pakistan Navy's F-22P (ZULFIQUAR) class frigate, PNS SAIF (FFG-253),

 

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PNS Tariq (Ex HMS Ambuscade), the lead ship of the six Type 21 Frigates acquired for the Pakistan Navy during 1993 - 1994 was commissioned at Plymouth (UK).

On completion of her safety work-up with Flag Officer Sea Training at Portland, and her docking for underwater hull inspection by the DML at Plymouth, PNS Tariq sailed for Pakistan on her maiden voyage on 19th October 1993.

 

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PNS Tippu Sultan
PNS Tippu Sultan, a Tariq-class destroyer, served in the Pakistan Navy after it was acquired in 1994. Her design was based on the British Type 21 frigate, and previously served in the Royal Navy as HMS Avenger as a general purpose frigate.

 

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Persian Gulf (Nov. 21, 2004) –
The Pakistan Navy destroyer PNS Babur (D 182)..

 

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PNS Shamsher visiting Australia in 1951. The frigate was transferred to Pakistan by the Royal Indian Navy in 1947 as a training ship

 

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PNS Badr, a destroyer, visiting the Great Britain on a goodwill mission in 1957

 

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Small ship PNS Alamgir in 1947..

 

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USA - PNS Tanker sailing

 

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[H3]DAPHNE CLASS (SSK)[/H3]​

Note: Decommissioned from PN service

Number​	Name​	Laid Down​	Launched​	Commisioned​
S131​	Hangor​	1 Dec 1967​	28 June 1969​	12 Jan 1970​
S132​	Shushhuk​	1 Dec 1967​	30 July 1969​	12 Jan 1970​
S133​	Mangro​	8 July 1968​	7 Feb 1970​	8 Aug 1970​
S134​	Ghazi Ex-Cachalote​	12 May 1967​	23 Sep 1968​	1 Oct 1969​

DISPLACEMENT, tons :
860 surfaced; 1,038 dived

DIMENSIONS, ft (m) :
189.6 x 22.3 x 15.1 (57.8 x 6.8 x 4.6)

MAIN MACHINERY :
Diesel-electric; 2 SEMT-Pielstick 12 PA1 diesels (S 643 and 648); 2 SEMT-Pielstick 12 PA4 V 185 diesels (S 650 and 651); 2,450 hp(m) (1.8 MW); 2 Jeumont Schneider alternators; 900 kW; 2 motors; 2,600 hp(m) (1.9 MW); 2 shafts

SPEED, knots :
13.5 surfaced; 16 dived

RANGE, miles :
2,700 at 12.5 kt; 10,000 at 7 kt surfaced; 4,500 at 5 kt; 3,000 at 7 kt snorting

COMPLEMENT : 53 (7 officers)

TORPEDOES :
12 - 21.7 in (550 mm) (8 bow, 4 stern) tubes.

WEAPONS CONTROL :
DLT D3 torpedo control.

RADARS :
Search: Thomson-CSF Calypso; I/J-band.

SONARS :
Thomson Sintra DSUV 2; passive search; medium frequency.
DUUA 2; active search and attack.
DUUX 2; passive ranging.

STRUCTURE :

Diving depth, 300 m (984 ft); crushing at 575 m (1,886 ft).

OPERATIONAL :
Based at Toulon. Completed refit in February 1996 and pays off in late 1998 after completion of Mu 90 torpedo trials.

SALES :
South Africa (1967) (three), Pakistan (1966) (three), (one from Portugal later), Portugal (1964) (four), Spain (built in Spain) (1965) (four).

DISP.SURFACED (tonnes) :873.0
DISP.DIVED (tonnes) :1054.0
LENGTH (m) : 57.80
BEAM (m) : 6.8
DRAUGHT (m) :4.6
SPEED (knots) : 16.0
RANGE (nm) : 10000.0

 

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[H3]AGOSTA 90B[/H3]

Agosta 90B class submarines The first Agosta will have AIP retrofitted while the remaining two will be built from kits supplied in Pakistan. Pakistani Agosta 90B subs will have the first application of the French SUBTICS integrated combat system. In brief this system integrates all acoustic and non-acoustic sensor inputs, weapons, navigation systems, command and weapon control systems on six twin screen consoles. Subtics sonar systems include a cylindrical bow array, flank array, active array, towed array , intercept array and obsyacle avoidance array. Above water sensors include search and attack periscopes, navigation radar and ESM. The Agosta 90B has 4 torpedo tubes and 16 weapon spaces for a mix of F17 Mod.2 torpedoes and Exocet SM39 Sub launched anti-ship missiles. Simultaneous engagement and weapon launch is possible for 2 missiles, or 2wire-guided torpedoes, or one ordinary torpedo and one missile. The MESMA AIP system allows for a fivefold or more endurance capability while submerged. Incidentally the German type 212 with a fuel-cell AIP can stay submerge for up to 2 weeks and can make 8kts without using her battery. The `Agosta' features a circular outer hull of 6.8 m maximum, which completely surrounds the pressure hull. At the bow the cross-section of the outer hull narrows to an oval shape, ensuring the minimum underwater hydrodynamic resistance. Considerable efforts have been made to reduce self-generated noise resulting in a clean, streamlined casing and noise damping of all equipment. An array of 36 hydrophones is fitted all round the hull to measure the radiated noise level and provide immediate identification of areas of self-generated noise. The boats are armed with four bow torpedo tubes fitted with a pneumatic ram discharge system. The tubes allow weapon discharge, irrespective of the speed of the submarine, down to its maximum diving depth. The design also incorporates a rapid reload system. Units of the French Navy have been modified to fire the Aerospatiale submarine-launched SM 39 Exocet anti-ship missile. The Pakistan units were modified to fire the Sub-Harpoon missile. Fire control is exercised through a single, centralised computer using the DLA 2A system. This features an automatic navigational plotting system. Sensors include an 8 kHz active search/attack DUUA 2D sonar, passive ranging and passive towed array sonars. Arur and Arud intercept and warning systems are also fitted, except in the Spanish boats which are fitted with the British Manta system. The propulsion system comprises two SEMT-Pielstick 16 PA4 V 185 VG diesels developing 2.65 MW driving two Jeumont Schneider 1.7 MW alternators. A single water-cooled 3.4 MW electric motor with double armature directly drives the propellers. There is an intermediate clutch in order to reduce noise level to a minimum. In addition, a 23 kW electric motor is provided for cruise speeds. The two independent banks of batteries use an electrolyte agitation system with water circuit cooling to extend service life and improve efficiency. Hotel services are provided by two generators, the alternating current being provided by means of five converter sets with two solid-state inverters. The boats are equipped with oxygen generating units and independent CO_2 absorption units. Cont'd

 

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Agosta 90B class submarines

SUBTICS
Submarine tactical integrated combat system.
Based on 20 years experience in the development of sonar subsystems (DMUX80, DSUV22, DMUX20, TSM 2233, TSM 2933) as well as command and weapon control subsystems (SYTAC, TITAC, LAT-NG), DCN and Thomson Sintra ASM (now Thomson Marconi Sonar SAS) have developed an integrated approach for both data analysis and system manning.

Both companies have made extensive use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) technologies and worldwide recognised hardware and software standards (such as workstations, power PC, UNIX, Ethernet) to further improve performance and simultaneously reduce production and life cycle costs of their equipments. Using this expertise, the two companies have together developed an efficient and competitive range of products named SUBTICS (SUBmarine Tactical Integrated Combat Systems) which is now being offered for both refit and new building submarine programmes.

To achieve this objective and using the accumulated experience of both companies, DCN and Thomson Sintra ASM (now Thomson Marconi Sonar SAS) have established UDS International, a joint company in charge of manufacture and marketing of SUBTICS in France and on the export market.

The main subsystems of SUBTICS are:

• (a) a comprehensive set of sensors which include: bow cylindrical or conformal arrays; towed arrays; and flank or distributed arrays that multiply the detection capacity of the submarine against silent targets
• (b) all types of heavyweight wire guided torpedoes and fire-and-forget SM 39 Exocet missiles which together cover an action area out to 40 km
• (c) an integrated architecture which links both sensors and weapons to the system's communication and data handling core through the databusses of the system network.

The core of SUBTICS is an open and modular architecture based on standard data processors (TMS 320 C30 processors on a speed ring network), redundant databusses and six multifunction common consoles equipped with two high definition 19 in colour monitors.

The dual redundant Ethernet databus offers reliable and continuous communications in the event of damage, the multifunction common consoles allow manning and configuration flexibility, and together they provide function and data operational availability.

The choice of an open structure, together with the standard and sizeable processing and display resources, allows existing or new operational components to be easily integrated with minimum life cycle costs.

The Agosta 90B SUBTICS control room.

The basic components of the sonar subsystem include a set of acoustic arrays and appropriate detection (or transmission), tracking, and analysis and localisation processing modules, together with a set of common processing modules for contact motion analysis, classification, identification and track management using broadband, narrowband, demon and pulse (passive interception and ranging) processing channels.

The basic set of acoustic arrays includes a cylindrical or conformal bow array, an active array, a distributed array, an intercept array, a towed array, a flank array, and optionally an obstacle avoidance array. The contact motion analysis module includes automatic and interactive processing functions.

The classification and identification module includes audio and spectrum analysis processing functions plus interactive hypothesis generation and verification functions.

The track management module includes interactive association and fusion processing functions plus sorting of best representative acoustic track functions. The basic components of the command and weapon control subsystem include a set of situation elaboration modules, a set of command and decision modules, and a set of engagement and launching modules.

The set of situation elaboration modules includes acoustic and non-acoustic sensors track association and fusion functions, interactive target motion analysis functions, and track management functions able to sort out tracks of particular tactical interest among a set of 100 recorded tracks. The set of command and decision modules includes threat evaluation of localised and classified tracks, plus attack and escape manoeuvre planning tools.

Engagement and launching modules give the submarine capacity to launch simultaneously two torpedoes in wire guided mode, plus either two SM 39 Exocet missiles or one non-wire guided torpedo and one missile. Operational performances are primarily related to SUBTICS' sensors and weapons capabilities, which multiply the detection and action area of the submarine.

Performance is further enhanced as a result of the fully integrated architecture of SUBTICS. This means that as a result of full integration every element, either data processing, computers or multifunction common consoles, are connected to redundant databusses.

As a result the system's processing functions and the operators are offered unique accessibility to all information, together with a unique availability of information due to reconfiguration capabilities and redundancies.

SUBTICS full integration also means that every operational function is coherently associated in a continuous track building process along which tracks are continuously summarised and displayed together with their associated localisation and classification attributes.

As a result, clear and comprehensive tactical situation displays are presented allowing the command to take fast, accurate and correct decisions. With adaptability and evolutionary requirements in mind, SUBTICS can be fitted on any type of submarine both for new construction as well as for modernisation programmes. The system responds to the present and future operational needs.

Three systems were ordered in early 1995 for Pakistan's new `Agosta' boats and are currently being assembled.

The `Agosta 90B', building for Pakistan are fitted with the DR-3000U ESM system and the Subics Mk 2 integrated combat suite. The last boat in the series will be fitted with the MESMA AIP system (which will extend the hull length by 9 m).

This system will also be retrofitted to the first two boats in the series. These units will also have much improved acoustic quieting and a fully integrated sonar suite including flank, intercept and towed arrays. The hulls are being constructed of HLES 80 steel which should allow them to reach diving depths of 350 m.

Number	Name	Builder	Laid Down	Launched	Commissioned
S137	Khalid	DCN, Cherbourg	1997	1998	September 1999
S138	Saad	DCN, Cherbourg/ Karachi Dockyard	1998	2001	August 2002
S139	-	Karachi Dockyard	1999	2002	Oct 2002

DISPLACEMENT, tons :
1,570 surfaced; 1,760 dived (1,960 with MESMA)

DIMENSIONS, ft (m) :
221.7 x 22.3 x 17.7 (67.6 x 6.8 x 5.4)

MAIN MACHINERY :
Diesel-electric; 2 SEMT-Pielstick 16 PA4 V 185 VG diesels; 3,600 hp(m) (2.65 MW);
2 Jeumont Schneider alternators; 1.7 MW; 1 motor;
4,600 hp(m) (3.4 MW); 1 cruising motor; 32 hp(m) (23 kW); 1 shaft

SPEED, knots :
12 surfaced; 20 dived

RANGE, miles :
8,500 at 9 kt snorting; 350 at 3.5 kt dived

COMPLEMENT :
36 (7 officers)

MISSILES :
SSM: Exocet SM 39 may be carried.

TORPEDOES :
4 - 21 in (533 mm) bow tubes. Up to 20 F17P Mod 2.
MINES :
Stonefish.

COUNTERMEASURES :
ESM: Thomson-CSF DR-3000U; intercept.

WEAPONS CONTROL :
Thomson Sintra SUBICS Mk 2.

RADARS :
Surface search: I-band.

SONARS :
Hull-mounted bow and flank arrays. Towed array.

PROGRAMME :
A provisional order for a second batch of three more Agostas was reported in September 1992 and this was confirmed on 21 September 1994. First one building in France, final assembly of second in Pakistan from March 2001, and the third to be built in Pakistan. STRUCTURE : Exocet is being negotiated. The last of the class is planned to have a MESMA liquid oxygen AIP system which would extend the hull by 9 m, if it is fitted. Hulls will also have much improved acoustic quietening and a full integrated sonar suite including flank, intercept and towed arrays. HLES 80 steel should allow diving depths of 350 m (1,150 ft).

OPINION :
This is an ambitious programme, given the unhappy history of licence-built submarines in other medium-sized navies. The introduction of AIP is also ambitious and likely to be costly. Shipbuilders understandably downplay the risks of introducing this new technology and the Pakistan Navy is an experienced operator of submarines. Nonetheless, the operational advantages of AIP have to be balanced against potential technical risks.

DISP.SURFACED (tonnes) :1595.0
DISP.DIVED (tonnes) :1788.0
LENGTH (m) : 67.60
BEAM (m) : 6.8
DRAUGHT (m) :5.4
SPEED (knots) : 20.0
RANGE (nm) : 8500.0

 

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[H3]Huangfeng/Osa-I (Sabqat) Class Missile Boats[/H3]

AZMAT P 1025
DEHSHAT 1026
HIMMAT P 1027
QUWWAT P 1028

DISPLACEMENT, tons :
171 standard; 205 full load

DIMENSIONS, ft (m) :
126.6 x 24.9 x 8.9 (38.6 x 7.6 x 2.7)

MAIN MACHINERY :
3 Type 42-160 diesels; 12,000 hp(m) (8.8 MW) sustained; 3 shafts

SPEED, knots :
35.

RANGE, miles :
800 at 30 kt

COMPLEMENT :
28

MISSILES : SSM:
4 HY-2; active radar or IR homing to 80 km (43.2 n miles) at 0.9 Mach; warhead 513 kg.

GUNS :
4 Norinco 25 mm/80 (2 twin); 270 rds/min to 3 km (1.6 n miles); weight of shell 0.34 kg.

RADARS :
Surface search/target indication: Square Tie; I-band.

COMMENT :
Transferred from China April 1984. Chinese version of the Soviet `Osa II' class.

DISP.STANDARD (tonnes) :173.0
DISP.FULL LOAD (tonnes) :208.0

LENGTH (m) : 38.60
BEAM (m) : 7.6
DRAUGHT (m) :2.7
SPEED (knots) : 35.0
RANGE (nm) : 800.0

 

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[H3]TARIQ (AMAZON) CLASS (TYPE 21) (DD/FF)[/H3]

Name	No	Builders	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Recommissioned
TARIQ	D 181	Yarrow Shipbuilders	1 Sep 1971	18 Jan 1973	5 Sep 1975	28 July 1993
BABUR	D 182	Vosper Thornycroft	6 Nov 1969	26 Apr 1971	11 May 1974	30 Sep 1993
KHAIBAR	D 183	Yarrow Shipbuilders	28 Sep 1972	5 Feb 1974	29 July 1976	1 Mar 1994
BADR	D 184	Yarrow Shipbuilders	5 Mar 1973	18 Sep 1974	2 July 1977	1 Mar 1994
TIPPU SULTAN	D 185	Yarrow Shipbuilders	30 Oct 1974	20 Nov 1975	19 July 1978	23 Sep 1994
SHAHJAHAN	D 186	Vosper Thornycroft	23 July 1971	23 Nov 1972	17 June 1977	23 Sep 1994

DISPLACEMENT, tons : 3,100 standard; 3,700 full load

DIMENSIONS, ft (m) : 384 oa; 360 wl x 41.7 x 19.5 (screws) (117; 109.7 x 12.7 x 5.9)

MAIN MACHINERY : COGOG; 2 RR Olympus TM3B gas turbines; 50,000 hp (37.3 MW) sustained; 2 RR Tyne RM1C gas turbines (cruising); 9,900 hp (7.4 MW) sustained; 2 shafts; cp props

SPEED, knots : 30; 18 on Tynes

RANGE, miles : 4,000 at 17 kt; 1,200 at 30 kt

COMPLEMENT : 175 (13 officers) (accommodation for 192)

MISSILES : SSM: 4 McDonnell Douglas Harpoon 1C (may be fitted in due course).

SAM: China LY 60N [Ref 2] semi-active radar homing to 13 km (7 n miles) at 2.5 Mach; warhead 33 kg. Replacing Seacat.

GUNS : 1 Vickers 4.5 in (114 mm)/55 Mk 8 [Ref 3]; 55° elevation; 25 rds/min to 22 km (11.9 n miles) anti-surface; 6 km (3.3 n miles) anti-aircraft; weight of shell 21 kg. 4 - 25 mm/60 (2 twin) [Ref 4]; 270 rds/min to 3 km (1.6 n miles); weight of shell 0.34 kg. 2 or 4 Oerlikon 20 mm Mk 7A; 1 MSI DS 30B 30 mm/75 and 2 GAM-BO1 20 mm may be fitted in lieu.

TORPEDOES : 6 - 324 mm Plessey STWS Mk 2 (2 triple) tubes. Only in Badr and Shahjahan; all to be fitted with Bofors Type 43X2 single or quad launchers [Ref 6] for Swedish torpedoes in due course.

COUNTERMEASURES : Decoys: Graseby Type 182; towed torpedo decoy. 2 Vickers Corvus 8-tubed trainable launchers [Ref 7]; Mk 36 SRBOC is to be fitted.

ESM: Thomson-CSF DR 3000S; intercept; being fitted.

DATA SYSTEMS :CAAIS combat data system with Ferranti FM 1600B computers. Being replaced by CelsiusTech 9LV Mk 3 including Link Y. WEAPONS CONTROL : Ferranti WSA-4 digital fire-control system. CSEE Najir Mk 2 optronic director being fitted in at least 3 of the class.

RADARS : Air/surface search: Marconi Type 992R; E/F-band. To be replaced by Signaal DA08. Surface search: Kelvin Hughes Type 1006; I-band.

Fire control: 2 Selenia Type 912 (RTN 10X); I/J-band; range 40 km (22 n miles).

SONARS : Graseby Type 184P; hull-mounted; active search and attack; medium frequency. Kelvin Hughes Type 162M; hull-mounted; bottom classification; 50 kHz. Thomson Marconi ATAS; active; medium frequency.

HELICOPTERS :

1 Westland Lynx HAS 3 [Ref 11].

PROGRAMME :

Acquired from the UK in 1993-94. Tariq arrived in Karachi 1 November 1993 and the last pair in January 1995. These ships replaced the `Garcia' and `Brooke' classes and have been classified as destroyers.

MODERNISATION :

Exocet, torpedo tubes and Lynx helicopter facilities were all added in RN service, but torpedo tubes were subsequently removed in all but Badr and Shahjahan and all are to be retrofitted by Pakistan using Swedish equipment. Exocet was not transferred and the obsolete Seacat SAM system is being replaced by Chinese LY 60N which is a copy of Aspide.

New EW equipment has been installed. ATAS sonar has been acquired (two sets only) but plans to update the hull sonars have been shelved. Other equipment upgrades are projected and include Harpoon (from the Gearings), a DA08 search radar, an optronic director, new 30 mm and 20 mm guns, SRBOC chaff launchers. An improved combat data system with a datalink to shore HQ is also being fitted. The first fully equipped ship is not expected to complete until late 1998, but some of the modifications are being done during routine maintenance periods.

STRUCTURE :

Due to cracking in the upper deck structure large strengthening pieces have been fixed to the ships' side at the top of the steel hull as shown in the illustration. The addition of permanent ballast to improve stability has increased displacement by about 350 tons. Further hull modifications to reduce noise and vibration started in 1988 and completed in all of the class by 1992.

DISP.STANDARD (tonnes) :3149.0
DISP.FULL LOAD (tonnes) :3759.0
LENGTH (m) : 117.00
BEAM (m) : 12.7
DRAUGHT (m) :5.9
SPEED (knots) : 30.0
RANGE (nm) : 4000.0

 

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9LV 200 MARK 3/9SCS MARK 3 Command and weapon control system.

Development

Philips (now CelsiusTech) continued evolutionary development of its 9LV 200 system (qv) and the name was extended to a new version which was given the designation 9LV 200 Mark 3 (or 9LV Mark 3) but which was radically different from its predecessors. Development began in late 1980 when the FMV, Sweden's Defence Material Administration, issued a feasibility, design and specification study contract for a distributed architecture naval combat system to PEAB.

This contract was completed in 1985 and the FMV was confident enough in the PEAB design to select it for the new class of corvettes which was to be built for the Swedish Navy. In December 1985 a contract was awarded by the Swedish Navy for the first 9LV 200 Mark 3 system which entered service when the corvette Goteborg was commissioned in February 1990.

In fact 9LV 200 Mark 3 had entered service two months earlier with a foreign navy. It was selected as the basis of the Standard Flex combat system (SF C3) for the Royal Danish Navy's multirole Standard Flex 300 warships, with Terma Elektronik as the prime contractor.

This system entered service with the commissioning of HDMS Flyvefisken in December 1989, the first ship whose electronics were completely in the Ada-language. The system will be introduced into all major units of the Danish Navy replacing the DEPLO (see Ericsson CCIS/Maril entry) system. Terma consoles have been selected for many export versions of the 9LV 200 Mark 3.
Other export contracts have followed, notably the winning in August 1989 of the A$240 million (US$188 million) contract to supply the 9LV 453 system to Australia and New Zealand for the `ANZAC' class frigates. Finland and Singapore have also ordered the system which is `commercially' the most successful of the new generation of naval combat systems.

The success of the system, and the versatility of the distributed architecture concept, was shown by the selection in March 1990 of a version as 9SCS Mark 3 for the Swedish `Gotland' (A19) class submarines which are scheduled to enter service from 1996. This contract is worth SKr 500 million (US$80 million). In August 1994 CelsiusTech announced it had won a contract to retrofit the `Amazon' class (Type 21) frigates of the Pakistan Navy with 9LV 200 Mark 3. The first vessels to receive the system will be Badr and Shahjahan. A 9LV 200 Mark 3E (Enhanced) is proposed for the Swedish Navy's CETRIS (`Visby' class) requirement with greater functionality and use of COTS.

Description

The 9LV 200 Mark 3/9SCS Mark 3 command systems are based upon Bassystem 2000 (or BS 2000 with FS2000 as the naval version) with hardware and software modules used to create flexibility with real-time processing in both the short and long term. The systems have a distributed architecture and are based upon a 32-bit computer using Motorola 68020 and 68040 microprocessors and Ada-language software, workstations and Ethernet IEEE 802.3 standard local area networks.

Memory consists of 4 MByte RAM and 256 k of EPROM. The hardware is used to create nodes which may be workstations, processing or interface nodes with a network interface, one or more processing units, power supply, local PROM, and appropriate interfaces. Memory management is by means of the Motorola 68851 while the floating-point processor is the Motorola 68881. All the software programs run independently but communicate through an Inter-Program Communication 2000 (IPC2000) mechanism.

The software is in Ada and the basic system has about 500,000 lines of code but this is usually more than doubled to meet added requirements. The SF C3 system, for example, had a basic 400,000 lines of code which were expanded by Terma Elektronik to 1,000,500 lines. The commonality means that for the submarine system 9SCS Mark 3, 65 per cent of the code is common with the standard Mark 3 system for surface ships.

Each system consists of a dual-redundant local area network which interfaces with all sensors, weapon systems and workstations. The system is supported by two processor units (one redundant) which provide command, communications and control as well as a database. The systems are capable of acting as a data handling system compiling the tactical situation, conducting threat evaluation and target designation as well as providing navigation and offboard sensor data (the latter via a datalink) while recording and providing a simulation capability.

For fire-control purposes there is the CEROS (CelsiusTech Radar and Optronic Sight) 200 fire-control subsystem which can be an integrated element of the combat management system or act as a stand-alone weapon control or tracking system. It is based upon a director, formerly known as Sea Viking, which is available in Baseline, Continuous Wave Illumination (CWI) or Stealth versions each with servo-controlled pedestal, tracking and ballistic computer.

The system takes sensor data, evaluates the threat, and automatically deploys the most effective `hard' or `soft' kill countermeasure to neutralise each target while there is also an automated air defence function for use against multiple targets.

CEROS 200 can be used to control long-range surface-to-air missiles (for the first time in a 9LV system), for medium-range engagements with guns or for the control of CIWS. The two-axis pedestal has an angular speed of 2 rad/s and is approximately 2 m high, 1.6 m in diameter and weighs 700 to 800 kg. The prime sensor is a tracking Ku-band (J-band) radar with stabilised cassegrain, monopulse antenna and grid-pulsed helix travelling wave tube transmitter with a peak power of 1.5 kW which operates in the 15.5 to 17.5 GHz frequency range and produces a 1.5° wide beam with 41 dB gain.

There is a three-channel amplitude monopulse receiver with 0.2 µs compressed noise width and a noise figure of 10 dB. More than 100 frequencies are available permitting the combination of pulse Doppler-MTI operation with batch-to-batch frequency agility, a typical processing batch involves four MTI pulses and 32 pulse Doppler pulses. Pulse-to-pulse frequency agility is retained for use when return suppression is not required. The CelsiusTech High Accuracy Sea Skimming Estimator (CHASE) signal algorithm may be added to enable missiles operating at 6 to 50 m above the sea to be tracked without multipath interference.

The CWI version (which was selected by Australia, Denmark and New Zealand) has an addtional X-band or I/J-band (8 to 12 GHz) channel which generates a high-gain pencil beam. Focussing of the two bands is achieved through a combination of frequency selective surfaces in the main- and sub-reflectors as well as the provision of another X-band horn to provide a wide `null-filling' beam for the missile's rear reference.

A version with longer range will be available for the Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM) (qv). The Stealth version is modified to provide a very low radar cross-section over a multi-octave frequency band. This is achieved through a combination of shaping, radar absorbing material and the provision of a frequency selective surface with a shutter in front of the antenna.

The electronic sensors may be supplemented by a range of electro-optical sensors including a Saab Missiles Si-Vidicon CCIR-compatible TV camera with 300 mm lens and 2.3 to 23° field of view, an 8 to 12 µm infrared camera using Cadmium Mercury Telluride detectors with closed-cycle Sterling cooling and fields of view of 52 x 35 mrad and 157 x 105 mrad. Also available is an Nd:YAG laser rangefinder operating in 1.06 µm (4 MW peak power) and 1.5 MW (1.5 MW), the former having a PRF of 10 Hz.

Complementing the CEROS 200 is an independent C-band (G/H-band) and X-band (I/J-band) search radar with parabolic horn-fed stabilised 2.4 x 1.0 m antenna. This also has a travelling wave tube transmitter and operates in the 5.4 to 5.9 GHz and 8.5 to 9.6 GHz frequencies. An optional I/J-band magnetron transmitter is also available. The Mark 3 system retains the horizontal tactical situation compilation display used in the Mark 1/2 system although with improved electronics and its own secondary database. However, the prime MMI consists of workstations, either the CelsiusTech SCL 85 or Terma Standard Consoles.


The SCL 85 or GOC (General Operator Console) workstation usually features 21 in (53.3 cm) rectangular screen or 23 in (58.4 cm) PPI high-resolution screen random scan main display for presenting processed radar data, maps and text. This is supplemented by a 20 in (50.8 cm) high-resolution raster scan display for synthetically generated graphical data and by either a 12 in (30.5 cm) monochrome or 14 in (35.5 cm) colour CRT for alphanumeric functions and/or the presentation of TV and video data with text overlay and graphics. The normal MMI consists of a QWERTY keyboard and rollerball, although a touch input device may be included for presenting text and graphics or for dedicated functions.

The Terma Standard Consoles (SCL) use Motorola 68020 and 68040 microprocessors on a VME bus. There are three versions; Type I, Type IIA and Type IID. The Type I was designed for the SF C3 system and is a one-man console with two 21 in (53.34 cm) 1,024 x 1,224 pixel raster scan displays which can present radar, tactical situation, graphics and electro-optic data as well as providing space of 80 columns and 18 lines for alphanumeric data. There may also be provision for internal and external communications facilities (including a telephone).

 

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The MMI consists of an LED, a 78-key function panel and two rollerballs. They are low, wide displays designed initially for the Standard Flex ships. The Type IIA is similar to the Type I but has fewer function keys, lacks communication facilities and is both narrower and taller. The Type IID is even narrower and has a 20 in (50.8 cm) and two 10 in (25.4 cm) raster scan displays as well as two LEDs. Configurations are as in Table 1:

Class	Horizontal displays	Workstations​
-	-	SCL 85/GOC	Terma SCL
`ANZAC'	None	None	7 Type IIA
`Thetis'	None	None	4 Type I
`Flyvefisken'	None	None	6 Type I
`Rauma'	None	2 navigation/ radar console	None
`Goteborg'	2	6	None
`Gotland'	None	None	3 Type IID

The Pakistan vessels have Terma SCL workstations.
The three-man horizontal display is similar to that used in 9LV200.

Notes: Just as the Mark 1/2 systems have four versions so does the Mark 3:
9LV 100 Mark 3: Based upon electro-optic sensors with Motorola 68020 processors.
9LV 200 Mark 3: Command and weapon control system based upon radar sensors for FAC-type vessels.
9LV 300 Mark 3: As 9LV 200 but with electro-optical elements of the 9LV 100.
9LV 400 Mark 3: Command and weapon control system for larger warships for example, frigate size and above.

The 9LV 200 Mark 3E will feature a new COTS-based multifunction console.

The 9SCS Mark 3 system (believed to be designated IDPS-19 by the Swedish Navy) has three Terma Type IID workstations, two database computers and two command/weapon control computers. There are also three consoles for the STN Atlas CSU90 sonar suite, which interface with the system, as well as two torpedo interface units. CelsuisTech is continuing to improve the 9LV system.

In June 1996 it announced Windows NT software prototypes in association with the Swedish Defence Material Agency. This is part of an ongoing process to introduce COTS hardware and software in a twin-track programme being conducted by CelsiusTech in Sweden and with their Australian subsidiary Celsius Australia (CTA). Concept demonstration programmes will include features such as X-Windows/Motif graphical user interface, RISC processors and internal fibre optic buses. In a separate programme CelsiusTech has also developed a track-management system known as Multi-Radar Tracking (MRT) based upon an IBM RISC System/6000 Model 390 workstations running under AIX with Ada and `C' language software.

The system can accept a minimum of 400 tracks from six radars with 100 plots/s per channel and this can be expanded to 1,000 tracks from 20 radars at 1,000 plots/s. CelsiusTech have also developed a C2 system based upon laptop computers for mine countermeasures vessels.

Some 50 systems have been ordered or delivered for the following ships:

(1) The `Niels Juel' class use 9LV200 Mark 3 purely for weapon control.
Their AWS-5 radars will be replaced by TRS-3D from 1997 onwards.

The last eight `Flyvefisken' from HDMS Svaerdfisken onwards have TRS-3D radar.

SPECIFICATIONS :

(CelsiusTech SCL 85)
Length: 1.19 m
Width: 1.26 m
Height: 1.25 m
Weight: 350 kg

COMPANY NAME : CelsiusTech AB.

 

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[H3]Gearing (Taimur) Class Destroyers[/H3]

TUGHRIL (Scale 1 : 1,200), Ian Sturton

Number	Name	Year	Notes
D160	Alamgir	1945/82	Ex-DD 866
D166	Taimur	1949/77	Ex-DD 719
D167	Tughril	1945/80	Ex-DD 785

DISPLACEMENT, tons : 2,425 standard; 3,500 full load

DIMENSIONS, ft (m) : 390.5 x 41.2 x 19 (119 x 12.6 x 5.8)

MAIN MACHINERY : 4 Babcock & Wilcox boilers; 600 psi (43.3 kg/cm{2}); 850°F (454°C); 2 GE turbines; 60,000 hp (45 MW); 2 shafts

SPEED, knots : 32.

RANGE, miles : 4,500 at 16 kt

COMPLEMENT : 274 (27 officers)

MISSILES : SSM: 4 McDonnell Douglas Harpoon (2 twin) launchers [Ref 1]; active radar homing to 130 km (70 n miles) at 0.9 Mach; warhead 227 kg.A/S: Honeywell ASROC Mk 112 octuple launcher; 8 reloads; inertial guidance to 1.6-10 km (1-5.4 n miles); payload Mk 46 torpedo.

GUNS : 2 US 5 in (127 mm)/38 (twin) Mk 38 [Ref 3]; 85° elevation; 15 rds/min to 17 km (9.3 n miles) anti-surface; 11 km (5.9 n miles) anti-aircraft; weight of shell 25 kg. General Electric/General Dynamics 20 mm 6-barrelled Vulcan Phalanx Mk 15 [Ref 4]; 3,000 rds/min combined to 1.5 km. 8 - 23 mm/87 (2 quad).

TORPEDOES : 6 - 324 mm US Mk 32 (2 triple) tubes. Honeywell Mk 46; anti-submarine; active/passive homing to 11 km (5.9 n miles) at 40 kt; warhead 44 kg.

COUNTERMEASURES : Decoys: 2 Plessey Shield 6-barrelled fixed launchers; chaff and IR flares in distraction, decoy or centroid modes.

ESM/ECM: Argo APECS II includes AR 700; intercept and jammer.

WEAPONS CONTROL : Mk 37 for 5 in guns. OE 2 SATCOM. RADARS : Air search: Lockheed SPS-40 [Ref 7]; E/F-band; range 320 km (175 n miles).

Surface search: Raytheon/Sylvania; SPS-10; G-band.

Navigation: Racal Decca TM 1226; I-band.

Fire control: Western Electric Mk 25; I/J-band.

SONARS : Sangamo SQS-23D with Raytheon Solid-State transmitters; hull-mounted; active search and attack; medium frequency.

HELICOPTERS : Facilities for 1 SA 319B Alouette III seldom used

PROGRAMME : Two transferred from USA 30 September 1980; Alamgir on 1 October 1982.

MODERNISATION : Modernised with Harpoon and Vulcan Phalanx fitted in place of Y gun turret, improved EW equipment and the addition of two 23 mm quadruple mountings at the base of the foremast.

OPERATIONAL : Form 25 Destroyer Squadron. Tughril is able to launch Banshee target drones. One of the class Tariq was converted to an MSA HQ ship in early 1990 and subsequently replaced by the former Tippu Sultan in November 1993 (see MSA section).

 

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DISP.STANDARD (tonnes) :2463.0
DISP.FULL LOAD (tonnes) :3556.0
LENGTH (m) : 119.00
BEAM (m) : 12.6
DRAUGHT (m) :5.8
SPEED (knots) : 32.0
RANGE (nm) : 4500.0

FIMS Multi-influence sweep and combat control system.

Description

FIMS is an integrated package consisting of all components required for influence minesweeping operations on small- to medium-sized vessels. All tools required for a complete operation from initial planning to effectiveness assessment are provided in the package. The primary components of the system are:

(a) three electrode magnetic sweep cables with current capacities of 400 A DC, 1,000 A repetitive peak. The sweep cable, with a diameter of 46 mm is buoyant and its low tow resistance enables operation at speeds of up to 10 kt
(b) various options of controllable and fixed output acoustic sources
(c) power generation units for both the magnetic and acoustic sweep systems. The magnetic sweep current generator is normally powered from the ship's supply but can be supplied with its own diesel generator
(d) a powerful shipboard control computer system, with interfaces to the ship's positioning sensors.

The shipboard processing systems are at the heart of the FIMS concept. These systems are located on a 486 PC computer optimised for marine use, linked to a monitor and control outstation which utilises a processor Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to interface the sweep systems to the PC. For single-ship operation the 486 computer is linked by cable to the PLC system, while for remote sweeping and multiship operations the units have a radio link. The complete shipboard system is termed the SSCPU (Shipboard Sweep Control and Positioning Unit), the PLC-based unit is termed the BDU (Back Deck control Unit), and the control software and interface is termed WINS (Window Integrated Navigation and Sweep control). The SSCPU integrates control of the magnetic and acoustic sweep controller with the ship's positioning systems. This enables control of sweep line positions, displays of actual coverage, and position-activated generation of sweep footprints. Both the magnetic and acoustic sweep controllers can generate complex time varying signatures. These signatures are defined interactively, and need not be a precise mathematical or transcendental function. By interfacing to the ship's echo-sounder the variation of bottom cover with depth is determined. Also the estimated sweep signal strength beneath the ship is calculated.

The control algorithms optimise coverage, while maintaining a safe operating environment for the ship. The positioning section of the system integrates inputs from GPS, radio positioning and log/gyro. Full navigation functions are provided, with the option of integral digital charting.

Graphic displays are provided to show both along-track and cross-track coverage, and all position and coverage data is logged for later analysis. Historical quality control information is provided for both positioning and sweep parameters. These can be used to provide both online and post-mission evaluations of sweep effectiveness. The WINS software includes a comprehensive training and simulation mode. The sweep coverage subsystem is one of the key features of WINS.

This consists of a database of sweep coverage information organised in small geographical boxes or bins. For each bin information is stored on various sweep parameters, such as type of sweep and number of over-runs. The information is designed to be viewed graphically, which quickly reveals the success of a sweep operation, or areas where further work is required. The database is updated on the completion of each sweep line.

Where possible, standard high-quality commercial products are used, modified where necessary by the addition of high-quality shockmountings. This results in an excellent price to performance ratio, and improved maintainability. The core technology is well proven and has a clear progress path.

The shipboard equipment is small enough to be readily deployed on ships of convenience; in this mode the integration of the positioning function is particularly useful, as is the integral GPS option. Its ability to use several positioning sensors eases the problems of overseas deployment or non-availability of the primary sensor. System options and variants include a containerised version, multiship variant, and integrated route management package, which adds a minehunting capability with the addition of a side scan sonar system.

Operational status

In service with the Pakistan Navy and evaluated by the Finnish and Swedish navies.

COMPANY NAME : Elesco Oy

TERMA C{3}I System

The C{3}I System is an electronic data system for ships. It uses standard consoles, computers and interface units to integrate subsystems such as weapons, sensors and communications. It allows all peripheral systems connected to the databus to be operated and controlled from a central position by standard consoles. The software is programmed in Ada.

Description

This system consists of four main components. The Standard Processor is used to supply sufficient application processing power in the entire C{3} system. Each system comprises several standard computers physically dispersed in order to have functions available where needed and performed where it is most convenient in terms of system design and databus load. Computers are constructed from one or more of only five different microprocessor printed circuit boards utilising the industry standard for multiprocessor 32-bit architectures, the VME-bus.

The Standard Interface Unit (SIU) has two main purposes. Its primary function is to perform the necessary conversion and adaptation of data formats and transmission protocols between subsystems and the Local Area Network (LAN). Secondly, the SIU performs local processing (for example, validation and preprocessing) of data before it enters or leaves the network. TERMA claims these features imply that all known and future subsystems can connect to the C{3}I at reasonable cost, thus making the system fully open-ended. The LAN is a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) type of network and is standardised as the IEEE 802.3 LAN, compliant with the ISO Open System Interconnection Architecture. The system may have several cables for redundancy.

The Standard Console is a general operator's workstation, from which normal operation of all connected weapons and electronics systems, including the C{3}I Bus system itself, is performed. The console is equipped with two high-resolution 20 in (508 mm) daylight colour raster displays, each capable of being divided into four separate areas (windows) for display of information from various sources. It is operated through several input devices: two software-controlled flat-panel displays with a set of menu and function keys which change with the current task, two trackerballs for operation of the displays and for fire control, a qwerty keyboard with numeric keypad and a number of fixed-function hard keys. The duplicated input device allows dual operation of the console. Two multiprocessor computers are contained in the Standard Console; one takes care of the presentation system while the other performs local C{3} functions and network interface.

Operational status

In production and sold to the Royal Danish Navy for the `Flyvefisken' class (also named the Standard Flex 300) in two series of seven ships, and four ship-sets for a new series of frigate-type fishery inspection vessels for North Atlantic operations. Systems for three ships in the `Niels Juel' class frigates are under delivery. Also, one end-user project is contracted and underway, viz, the ANZAC Ships Project for Australian frigates. This project involves deliveries of 70 to 80 consoles. In production for four ships of the Pakistan Navy.

COMPANY NAME : TERMA Elektronik AS

 

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[H3]MG 110 Midget Submarine[/H3]​

DISPLACEMENT, tons : 118 dived

DIMENSIONS, ft (m) : 91.2 x 18.4 (27.8 x 5.6)

SPEED, knots : 7 dived
RANGE, miles : 1,200 surfaced; 60 dived
COMPLEMENT : 6 + 8 swimmers

TORPEDOES : 2 - 21 in (533 mm) tubes; AEG SUT; wire-guided; active homing to 12 km (6.5 n miles) at 35 kt; passive homing to 28 km (15 n miles) at 23 kt; warhead 250 kg.

MINES : 8 Mk 414 Limpet type.


COMMENT :
MG 110 type built in Pakistan under supervision by Cosmos. These are enlarged SX 756 of Italian Cosmos design and have replaced the SX 404 which were acquired in 1972.

Diving depth of 150 m and can carry eight swimmers with 2 tons of explosives as well as two CF2 FX 60 SDVs (swimmer delivery vehicles). Pilkington Optronics CK 39 periscopes. Reported as having a range of 1,000 n miles and an endurance of 20 days. One lost in 1995 but has been replaced.

DISP.DIVED (tonnes) :119.0
LENGTH (m) : 27.80
BEAM (m) : 5.6
SPEED (knots) : 7.0
RANGE (nm) : 1200.0

 

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Pakistan Navy's F-22P (ZULFIQUAR) class frigate, PNS SAIF (FFG-253),



View attachment 1667

The video below discusses about issues found in F-22P frigates of Pakistan navy. How far is this true?