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[๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฉ] UN investigation into enforced disappearances /deaths of students/citizens at the hands of security agencies

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[๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฉ] UN investigation into enforced disappearances /deaths of students/citizens at the hands of security agencies
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Enforced disappearances' victims faced systematic denial of justice during Hasina regime: Report
FE ONLINE REPORT
Published :
Jan 20, 2025 20:42
Updated :
Jan 20, 2025 21:30

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Relatives of the disappeared form a human chain at the Central Shaheed Minar on International Day for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances on August 30, 2024 โ€” FE/file

The Probe Commission on Enforced Disappearances has reported that under Sheikh Hasinaโ€™s regime, victims faced systematic denial of justice and deprivation of their fundamental rights.

Part of the report was released on Monday.

According to the report, law enforcement agencies frequently refused to register complaints or conduct proper investigations, often justifying their inaction by citing "orders from above." Instead, they dismissed the disappearances with unfounded claims, such as victims going into hiding to evade creditors or due to personal matters.

โ€œFor those who returned alive, the ordeal continued unabated. Victims often endured ongoing threats, silencing them from sharing their experiences or seeking accountability,โ€ it said, adding that their fear was intensified by the absence of due process, the lack of judicial safeguards, and the systemic impunity granted to the perpetrators.

The cumulative psychological, social, and financial toll on the victims highlights the urgent need for restorative justice, systemic reforms, and comprehensive support for them.

It further revealed that the practice of forcibly disappearing children alongside their mothers has been widespread and longstanding, with cases reported from 2015 to as recently as 2023. These incidents involved security forces ranging from the Metropolitan Police in Chittagong to the Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime (CTTC) unit in Dhaka.

The report also pointed out the dire economic conditions faced by families of the disappeared, as many victims were primary breadwinners. Their absence has plunged families into financial crises, affecting their overall well-being and limiting their ability to search for missing loved ones. It has also hindered their access to basic human rights such as education, healthcare, and shelter.

Additionally, the report noted that legal challenges related to inheritance have added further complications for these families.

The Commission observed that during Sheikh Hasinaโ€™s tenure, a culture of impunity became deeply entrenched within the security forces.

โ€œIt was evident in our conversations with the officers of both civil and military forces that not only did most of them never expect to be ever held accountable for their crimes, they also did not necessarily view the crimes as crimes,โ€ the report stated.

For example, cases of enforced disappearances involving individuals accused of terrorism were often dismissed as unimportant and unworthy of investigation. Similarly, custodial torture was described as a routine part of law enforcement operations, according to the report.

The report emphasised that this culture of impunity has had a profound impact on the nation, particularly on the victims and their families. However, it also noted the detrimental effect on the security forces themselves.

Over the past 15 years, evidence of crimes committed by security forces has been systematically manipulated. The report indicated that this was not only done by those in power until August 5, 2024โ€”who likely sought to cover up their own wrongdoingsโ€”but also by those who later assumed leadership roles.

โ€œIt reveals the pervasive and coercive nature of the culture of impunity, which compels even those not originally directly involved in the commission of offences to protect and perpetuate it,โ€ the report added.​
 

ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCE: 5 ex-servicemen yet to respond to commissionโ€™s summons
Tanzil Rahaman 22 January, 2025, 00:37

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Five men did not respond to the summons by the Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearance to appear before it early November last year over the alleged enforced disappearance of retired lieutenant colonel Md Hasinur Rahman.

Of them, four were serving in the army at the time of the issuance of the summons and the other was a retired serviceman at the time.

The commission in a letter on October 28, 2024 summoned one former and four then serving army officers to appear before it on November 7 for questioning, said the commission members.

The five men are retired brigadier general Redwan Al Mahmud, colonel Moinul Hasan, lieutenant colonel Akter Hamid Khan, lieutenant colonel Abdullah Al Azhar and lieutenant colonel Moksurul Haque.

โ€˜We have summoned many former and serving military officials to the commission for interrogation over the enforced disappearance. All of them came to the commission in response to the summons, except these five,โ€™ commission member Sazzad Hossain told New Age on Tuesday.

He said that by not responding to the summons they were violating law as the commission served as a civil court in limited purpose.

โ€˜As they were not present in the commission in the scheduled date, we will provide report to the government considering them as guilty,โ€™ said Sazzad.

He also said that when the commission summoned them, four of them were serving in the army.

โ€˜We donโ€™t know their present status whether they are still serving or have retired,โ€™ Sazzad added.

When contacted, the Inter Service Public Relations Directorate told New Age that all the five men were now retired and that the ISPR would not comment on retired officials.

According to the commission, Lieutenant Colonel Md Hasinur Rahman for the first time became the victim of enforced disappearance on July 9, 2011 when he was still in the army.

On August 8, 2018, he became a victim of enforced disappearance for the second time when he had already retired.

According to a report the enforced disappearance commission submitted to the chief adviser on Sunday, although a new director general assumed office of the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence several days after August 5, 2024, at least some of the evidence was manipulated at the detention centre of the joint interrogation cell at the DGFI headquarters.

The report further said that during the visit at the detention cell at the DGFI headquarters, commission members found that the cellโ€™s wall was freshly painted, implying that whatever evidence was on the wall was destroyed. There were signs of hasty โ€˜structural modificationsโ€™ also which was further indicative of concealing evidence of crimes.

Despite the director-general persuasively argued that he was not directly involved in crimes committed before his tenure, his immediate response to manipulate evidence underscored the coercive power of this culture of impunity, the report said.

โ€˜His [the DG] actions, ostensibly to shield perpetrators of past crimes, went against his own self-interest and professional integrity. This pattern of doctoring of evidence and non-cooperation was not isolated to DGFI only,โ€™ the report added.

The chief adviserโ€™s press wing shared part of the report with the media on Monday.

The interim government after taking over on August 8 formed the Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearance.

A total of 1,676 complaints of enforced disappearances were recorded in the commission so far.

In its first interim report submitted to the chief adviser on December 14, the commission found prima face involvement of Sheikh Hasina and some high-ranking officials of security forces and her government, including her defence adviser retired major general Tarique Ahmed Siddique in enforced disappearances.

It also found prima facie evidence of the involvement of Indian authorities in the system of enforced disappearance in Bangladesh.​
 

เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพ เฆธเฆฐเฆพเฆธเฆฐเฆฟ เฆ—เงเฆฎ เฆฌเฆพ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเง‡เฆถ เฆฆเฆฟเฆคเง‡เฆจ: เฆชเงเฆฐเฆงเฆพเฆจ เฆ‰เฆชเฆฆเง‡เฆทเงเฆŸเฆพเฆ•เง‡ เฆฆเง‡เฆ“เงŸเฆพ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เงŸเฆพเฆš
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เฆเฆ‡เฆšเฆ†เฆฐเฆกเฆฌเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฐ เฆเฆ•เฆŸเฆฟ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟเฆงเฆฟ เฆฆเฆฒ เฆฎเฆ™เงเฆ—เฆฒเฆฌเฆพเฆฐ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆงเฆพเฆจเง€เฆคเง‡ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆงเฆพเฆจ เฆ‰เฆชเฆฆเง‡เฆทเงเฆŸเฆพ เฆ…เฆงเงเฆฏเฆพเฆชเฆ• เฆฎเงเฆนเฆพเฆฎเงเฆฎเฆฆ เฆ‡เฆ‰เฆจเง‚เฆธเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆ™เงเฆ—เง‡ เฆธเฆพเฆ•เงเฆทเฆพเงŽ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆจเฅค เฆ›เฆฌเฆฟ: เฆชเฆฟเฆ†เฆ‡เฆกเฆฟ

เฆฌเฆพเฆ‚เฆฒเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆถเง‡เฆฐ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆคเฆฐเงเฆฌเฆฐเงเฆคเง€ เฆธเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเฆ•เง‡ เฆเฆฎเฆจ เฆเฆ• เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเฆพเฆชเฆคเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€ เฆจเฆฟเงŸเง‡ เฆ•เฆพเฆœ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆนเฆšเงเฆ›เง‡, เฆฏเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐเฆ•เง‡ เฆ•เงเฆทเฆฎเฆคเฆพเฆฌเฆพเฆจ เฆ“ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเง€เฆคเฆฟเฆ•เฆฐเฆฃ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆฏเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆฆเง€เฆฐเงเฆ˜เฆฆเฆฟเฆจ เฆงเฆฐเง‡ เฆฆเฆพเฆฏเฆผเฆฎเงเฆ•เงเฆคเฆฟ เฆชเง‡เงŸเง‡ เฆ†เฆธเฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆฎเฆ™เงเฆ—เฆฒเฆฌเฆพเฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆ‰เฆ‡เงŸเฆฐเงเฆ•เฆญเฆฟเฆคเงเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆ†เฆจเงเฆคเฆฐเงเฆœเฆพเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆฎเฆพเฆจเฆฌเฆพเฆงเฆฟเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆš เฆชเงเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆถเฆฟเฆค เฆเฆ• เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆ เฆ•เฆฅเฆพ เฆฌเฆฒเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพเฆŸเฆฟเฆฐ เฆเฆถเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฐ เฆ†เฆžเงเฆšเฆฒเฆฟเฆ• เฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆšเฆพเฆฒเฆ• เฆเฆฒเง‡เฆ‡เฆจ เฆชเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฐเฆธเฆจ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, 'เฆ—เฆฃเฆคเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆœเฆจเงเฆฏ เฆฒเฆกเฆผเฆพเฆ‡ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆ—เฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆพเฆฏเฆผ เฆเฆ• เฆนเฆพเฆœเฆพเฆฐ เฆฌเฆพเฆ‚เฆฒเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆถเฆฟ เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆœเง€เฆฌเฆจ เฆ‰เงŽเฆธเฆฐเงเฆ— เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฆจ, เฆฏเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆ‚เฆฒเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆถเง‡เฆฐ เฆœเฆจเงเฆฏ เฆ…เฆงเฆฟเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเฆญเฆฟเฆคเงเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆธเฆฎเฆพเฆœ เฆ—เฆกเฆผเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆ• เฆเฆคเฆฟเฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆ• เฆธเงเฆฏเง‹เฆ— เฆคเงˆเฆฐเฆฟ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆฆเฆฟเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค'

เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆ†เฆฐเฆ“ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, 'เฆเฆ‡ เฆ•เฆ เฆฟเฆจ เฆ…เฆฐเงเฆœเฆจ เฆนเฆพเฆฐเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆฏเง‡เฆคเง‡ เฆชเฆพเฆฐเง‡, เฆฏเฆฆเฆฟ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆคเฆฐเงเฆฌเฆฐเงเฆคเง€ เฆธเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆฆเงเฆฐเงเฆค เฆ•เฆพเฆ เฆพเฆฎเง‹เฆ—เฆค เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆจเฆพ เฆชเฆพเฆฐเง‡โ€”เฆฏเง‡ เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเฆพเฆงเงเฆฏเฆฎเง‡ เฆญเฆฌเฆฟเฆทเงเฆฏเฆคเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆฏเฆฆเฆฟ เฆฆเฆฎเฆจเฆจเง€เฆคเฆฟ เฆชเงเฆฐเงŸเง‹เฆ— เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆšเฆพเงŸ, เฆคเฆฌเง‡ เฆคเฆพ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฐเง‹เฆง เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆธเฆฎเงเฆญเฆฌ เฆนเฆฌเง‡เฅค'

เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเฆŸเฆฟ เฆฎเฆ™เงเฆ—เฆฒเฆฌเฆพเฆฐ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆคเฆฐเงเฆฌเฆฐเงเฆคเง€ เฆธเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆงเฆพเฆจ เฆ‰เฆชเฆฆเง‡เฆทเงเฆŸเฆพ เฆ…เฆงเงเฆฏเฆพเฆชเฆ• เฆก. เฆฎเงเฆนเฆพเฆฎเงเฆฎเฆฆ เฆ‡เฆ‰เฆจเง‚เฆธเง‡เฆฐ เฆนเฆพเฆคเง‡ เฆคเงเฆฒเง‡ เฆฆเง‡เฆ“เงŸเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

'เฆ†เฆซเฆŸเฆพเฆฐ เฆฆเงเฆฏ เฆฎเฆจเฆธเงเฆจ เฆฐเง‡เฆญเฆฒเฆฟเฆ‰เฆถเฆจ: เฆ…เงเฆฏเฆพ เฆฐเง‹เฆกเฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆช เฆŸเง เฆฒเฆพเฆธเงเฆŸเฆฟเฆ‚ เฆธเฆฟเฆ•เฆฟเฆ‰เฆฐเฆฟเฆŸเฆฟ เฆธเง‡เฆ•เงเฆŸเฆฐ เฆฐเฆฟเฆซเฆฐเงเฆฎ เฆ‡เฆจ เฆฌเฆพเฆ‚เฆฒเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆถ' เฆถเง€เฆฐเงเฆทเฆ• เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆ‰เฆฒเงเฆฒเง‡เฆ– เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผ, เฆ†เฆ‡เฆจ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆฏเฆผเง‹เฆ—เฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพ เฆ“ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเฆพเฆชเฆคเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€เฆ—เงเฆฒเง‹ เฆฆเง€เฆฐเงเฆ˜เฆฆเฆฟเฆจ เฆงเฆฐเง‡ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเงˆเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆเฆœเง‡เฆจเงเฆกเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆธเงเฆคเฆฌเฆพเฆฏเฆผเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆนเฆพเฆคเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฐ เฆนเฆฟเฆธเง‡เฆฌเง‡ เฆฌเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆนเงƒเฆค เฆนเฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆ†เฆธเฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆ•เฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ•เฆœเฆจ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆšเฆ•เง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆœเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ‡-เฆ†เฆ—เฆธเงเฆŸเง‡ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจ เฆšเฆฒเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฒเง‡ เฆ…เฆคเฆฟเฆฐเฆฟเฆ•เงเฆค เฆฌเฆฒเฆชเงเฆฐเฆฏเฆผเง‹เฆ—เง‡เฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเง‡เฆถ เฆธเฆฐเฆพเฆธเฆฐเฆฟ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเงˆเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆจเง‡เฆคเงƒเฆคเงเฆฌ เฆฅเง‡เฆ•เง‡ เฆเฆธเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆฎเฆจเง‡ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆจเฅค

เฆเฆ• เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, 'เฆ†เฆฎเฆฟ เฆฎเฆจเง‡ เฆ•เฆฐเฆฟ, เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฎเฆฏเฆผ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆšเง‡เฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเงˆเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆจเง‡เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพเฆ‡ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€เฆฐ เฆญเง‚เฆฎเฆฟเฆ•เฆพ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆงเฆพเฆฐเฆฃ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฆจ เฆฌเง‡เฆถเฆฟเฅค'

เฆ†เฆฐเง‡เฆ• เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆšเฆ•เง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆขเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆฎเง‡เฆŸเงเฆฐเง‹เฆชเฆฒเฆฟเฆŸเฆจ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฆเฆฐ เฆฆเฆชเงเฆคเฆฐเง‡ เฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฟเฆธเฆฟเฆŸเฆฟเฆญเฆฟ เฆซเงเฆŸเง‡เฆœ เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เง‡ เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เง‡ เฆฎเฆพเฆ เฆชเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฐเฆพเฆธเฆฐเฆฟ เฆ—เงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆšเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆจเง‹เฆฐ 'เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเง‡เฆถ เฆฆเฆฟเฆคเง‡ เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เง‡เฆ›เง‡เฆจ, เฆฏเง‡เฆจ เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆญเฆฟเฆกเฆฟเฆ“ เฆ—เง‡เฆฎ เฆ–เง‡เฆฒเฆ›เง‡เฆจ'เฅค

เฆ†เฆฐเง‡เฆ• เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, 'เฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆ†เฆฎเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ•เฆ เง‹เฆฐ เฆนเฆคเง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆฌเฆฟเฆถเงƒเฆ™เงเฆ–เฆฒเฆพ เฆธเงƒเฆทเงเฆŸเฆฟเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ›เฆพเงœ เฆจเฆพ เฆฆเง‡เฆ“เงŸเฆพเฆฐ เฆ†เฆฆเง‡เฆถ เฆฆเง‡เฆจเฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆธเฆฐเฆพเฆธเฆฐเฆฟ "เฆ—เงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆšเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆ“" เฆถเฆฌเงเฆฆ เฆฌเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆนเฆพเฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆจเฆจเฆฟ, เฆคเฆฌเง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเง‡เฆถ เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒ เฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆทเงเฆ•เฆพเฆฐโ€”เฆธเฆฐเงเฆฌเง‹เฆšเงเฆš เฆถเฆ•เงเฆคเฆฟ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆฏเฆผเง‹เฆ— เฆ•เฆฐเง‹, เฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆธเงเฆฅเฆฟเฆคเฆฟ เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฃเง‡ เฆ†เฆจเฆคเง‡ เฆฏเฆพ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆฏเฆผเง‹เฆœเฆจ เฆคเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเง‹, เฆ•เฆ เง‹เฆฐ เฆ…เฆฌเฆธเงเฆฅเฆพเฆจ เฆจเฆพเฆ“เฅค'

เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆšเฆ•เง‡ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆงเฆพเฆฐเฆฃเฆพ, เฆคเงŽเฆ•เฆพเฆฒเง€เฆจ เฆธเงเฆฌเฆฐเฆพเฆทเงเฆŸเงเฆฐเฆฎเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเง€ เฆ†เฆธเฆพเฆฆเงเฆœเงเฆœเฆพเฆฎเฆพเฆจ เฆ–เฆพเฆจ เฆ“ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถเง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเฆนเฆพเฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆฆเฆฐเงเฆถเฆ• เฆšเงŒเฆงเงเฆฐเง€ เฆ†เฆฌเฆฆเงเฆฒเงเฆฒเฆพเฆน เฆ†เฆฒ-เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเงเฆจ เฆขเฆพเฆ•เฆพ เฆฎเง‡เฆŸเงเฆฐเง‹เฆชเฆฒเฆฟเฆŸเฆจ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆ•เฆฎเฆฟเฆถเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆนเฆพเฆฌเฆฟเฆฌเงเฆฐ เฆฐเฆนเฆฎเฆพเฆจเฆ•เง‡ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเง‡เฆถ เฆฆเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเง‡เฆจ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆ‰เฆชเฆ•เฆฎเฆฟเฆถเฆจเฆพเฆฐเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเง‡เฆถเฆจเฆพ เฆฆเฆฟเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฆจเฅค

'เฆ†เฆฎเฆฟ เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เง‡เฆ›เฆฟ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆถเฆฐเง€เฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆ—เงเฆฐเงเฆคเงเฆฌเฆชเง‚เฆฐเงเฆฃ เฆ…เฆ‚เฆถ เฆฒเฆ•เงเฆทเงเฆฏ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆ—เงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆ•เฆฐเฆ›เง‡เฆจเฅค เฆ…เฆจเง‡เฆ• เฆ•เงเฆทเง‡เฆคเงเฆฐเง‡ เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เง‡เฆ›เฆฟ, เฆ…เฆซเฆฟเฆธเฆพเฆฐเฆฐเฆพ เฆœเง€เฆฌเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆเงเฆเฆ•เฆฟเฆคเง‡ เฆจเฆพ เฆฅเฆพเฆ•เฆฒเง‡เฆ“ เฆ—เงเฆฒเฆฟ เฆšเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆจเง‹ เฆนเฆšเงเฆ›เฆฟเฆฒ,' เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ เฆ†เฆฐเง‡เฆ•เฆœเฆจเฅค

เฆ—เงเฆฎเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆ™เงเฆ—เง‡ เฆœเฆกเฆผเฆฟเฆค เฆธเฆพเฆฎเฆฐเฆฟเฆ• เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพเฆŸเฆฟเฆ•เง‡ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆพเงŸ, เฆ•เฆพเฆ‰เฆ•เง‡ เฆ†เฆŸเฆ•เง‡เฆฐ เฆชเฆฐ เฆฏเง‹เฆ—เฆพเฆฏเง‹เฆ— เฆฌเฆฟเฆšเงเฆ›เฆฟเฆจเงเฆจ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆฐเฆพเฆ–เฆพเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆทเฆฏเฆผเฆŸเฆฟ เฆถเง‡เฆ– เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพ เฆฌเฆพ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆถเง€เฆฐเงเฆท เฆจเง‡เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆคเง‡เฆจ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆ•เฆฟเฆ›เง เฆ•เงเฆทเง‡เฆคเงเฆฐเง‡ เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพ เฆธเฆฐเฆพเฆธเฆฐเฆฟ เฆ—เงเฆฎ เฆฌเฆพ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเง‡เฆถ เฆฆเฆฟเฆคเง‡เฆจเฅค

เฆธเฆพเฆฎเฆฐเฆฟเฆ• เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€เฆฐ เฆเฆ• เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆฆเฆพเฆฌเฆฟ, เฆ†เฆฌเฆฆเงเฆฒเงเฆฒเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆฒ เฆ†เฆฎเฆพเฆจ เฆ†เฆœเฆฎเง€เฆ•เง‡ เฆ†เฆŸเฆ• เฆฐเฆพเฆ–เฆพ เฆ“ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเงเฆฌเฆพเฆธเงเฆฅเงเฆฏเง‡เฆฐ เฆ…เฆฌเฆจเฆคเฆฟเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆทเฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆถเง‡เฆ– เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆคเง‡เฆจเฅค

เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เงŸเฆพเฆšเฆ•เง‡ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆฏเง‡เฆนเง‡เฆคเง เฆ†เฆœเฆฎเง€ เฆธเฆพเฆฎเฆฐเฆฟเฆ• เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€เฆคเง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆนเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเง€ เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆถเง‡เฆ– เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆ•เฆพเฆ›เง‡ เฆฌเฆพเฆฐเฆฌเฆพเฆฐ เฆคเฆพเฆ•เง‡ เฆฎเงเฆ•เงเฆคเฆฟ เฆฆเง‡เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฐ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆฎเฆคเฆฟ เฆšเฆพเฆจ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเฆพเฆฐเฆ‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆฐเง‹เฆง เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพเฆ–เงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆฆเฆพเฆฌเฆฟ, เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพ เฆ†เฆœเฆฎเง€เฆ•เง‡ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเง‡เฆจเฅค 'เฆ†เฆฎเฆฟ เฆธเง‡เฆŸเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆฟเฆจเฆฟเฅค เฆ•เฆฟเฆจเงเฆคเง เฆเฆฐเฆชเฆฐ เฆฅเง‡เฆ•เง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆฎเงเฆ•เงเฆคเฆฟ เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆ†เฆฐ เฆ•เฆฟเฆ›เง เฆฌเฆฒเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ,' เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ เฆ“เฆ‡ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฅค

เฆ†เฆฐเง‡เฆ• เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, 'เฆ†เฆฎเฆพเฆฐ เงงเงฆ-เงงเงง เฆฌเฆ›เฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆšเฆพเฆ•เฆฐเฆฟเฆฐ เฆ…เฆญเฆฟเฆœเงเฆžเฆคเฆพเฆฏเฆผ เฆ†เฆฎเฆฟ เฆฐโ€เงเฆฏเฆพเฆฌเฆ•เง‡ เฆ—เงเฆฎ เฆ“ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เง‡เฆ›เฆฟเฅค เฆเฆ—เงเฆฒเง‹ เฆฌเฆพเฆธเงเฆคเฆฌ เฆ˜เฆŸเฆจเฆพเฅค เฆฐโ€เงเฆฏเฆพเฆฌ เฆฏเง‡เฆธเฆฌ เฆ—เงเฆฎ เฆ“ เฆ•เงเฆฐเฆธเฆซเฆพเฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆ˜เฆŸเฆจเฆพ เฆ˜เฆŸเฆฟเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡, เฆคเฆพ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆธเฆฆเฆฐ เฆฆเฆชเงเฆคเฆฐ เฆ“ เฆธเงเฆฌเฆฐเฆพเฆทเงเฆŸเงเฆฐ เฆฎเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฃเฆพเฆฒเฆฏเฆผ, เฆฌเฆฟเฆถเง‡เฆท เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆธเงเฆฌเฆฐเฆพเฆทเงเฆŸเงเฆฐเฆฎเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเง€เฆฐ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆฎเฆคเฆฟ เฆ›เฆพเฆกเฆผเฆพ เฆธเฆฎเงเฆญเฆฌ เฆจเฆฏเฆผเฅค'

เงจเงฆเงงเงฌ เฆธเฆพเฆฒเง‡ เฆ—เงเฆฎ เฆนเฆ“เงŸเฆพ เฆฎเง€เฆฐ เฆ†เฆนเฆฎเฆฆ เฆฌเฆฟเฆจ เฆ•เฆพเฆธเง‡เฆฎเง‡เฆฐ (เฆ†เฆฐเฆฎเฆพเฆจ) เฆธเฆพเฆ•เงเฆทเฆพเงŽเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆšเฅค เฆธเฆพเฆ•เงเฆทเฆพเงŽเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง‡ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆเฆ• เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆ™เงเฆ—เง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒ, เฆฏเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆคเฆพเฆ•เง‡ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเง‡เฆจ เฆฏเง‡, เฆ‡เฆ‰เฆจเฆฟเฆŸเง‡ เฆฏเง‹เฆ—เฆฆเฆพเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฎเฆฏเฆผ เฆคเฆพเฆ•เง‡ เฆ†เฆฐเฆฎเฆพเฆจ, เฆ†เฆœเฆฎเง€ เฆ“ เฆนเงเฆฎเงเฆฎเฆพเฆฎ เฆ•เฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆšเงŒเฆงเงเฆฐเง€เฆฐ เฆ—เงเฆฎเง‡เฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆทเงŸเง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเฆพ เฆนเงŸเฅค

'เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเงเฆ•เงเฆคเฆฟเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆทเฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆฏเง‡เฆ•เง‹เฆจเง‹ เฆธเฆฟเฆฆเงเฆงเฆพเฆจเงเฆค เฆถเง‡เฆ– เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพ เฆจเง‡เฆฌเง‡เฆจ,' เฆ“เฆ‡ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆคเฆพ เฆคเฆพเฆ•เง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจเฅค

เฆ†เฆœเฆฎเง€, เฆนเงเฆฎเงเฆฎเฆพเฆฎ เฆ“ เฆ†เฆฐเฆฎเฆพเฆจ เฆถเง‡เฆ– เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเง‹เฆงเง€ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเงˆเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆจเง‡เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆจเงเฆคเฆพเฆจ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆ‰เฆฒเงเฆฒเง‡เฆ– เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเฅค

เฆเฆคเง‡ เฆ†เฆฐเฆ“ เฆฌเฆฒเฆพ เฆนเงŸ, เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเฆพเฆชเฆคเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€ เฆ—เงเฆฎ เฆคเฆฆเฆจเงเฆคเง‡ เฆธเฆฎเงเฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟ เฆ—เฆ เฆฟเฆค เฆ•เฆฎเฆฟเฆถเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆ•เฆพเฆœ เฆฌเฆพเฆงเฆพเฆ—เงเฆฐเฆธเงเฆค เฆ•เฆฐเฆ›เง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡ เฆ‰เฆฆเงเฆฌเง‡เฆ—เฆœเฆจเฆ• เฆ‡เฆ™เงเฆ—เฆฟเฆค เฆชเฆพเฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพ เฆ—เง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆ•เฆฎเฆฟเฆถเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฆเฆธเงเฆฏเฆฐเฆพ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฆจ, เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆ†เฆŸเฆŸเฆฟ เฆจเฆคเงเฆจ เฆ…เฆฌเงˆเฆง เฆ†เฆŸเฆ•เฆ•เง‡เฆจเงเฆฆเงเฆฐ เฆšเฆฟเฆนเงเฆจเฆฟเฆค เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฆจเฅค เฆคเฆฌเง‡ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเฆพเฆชเฆคเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€ เฆเฆ‡ เฆ—เง‹เฆชเฆจ เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพเฆชเฆจเฆพเฆ—เงเฆฒเง‹เฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆฎเฆพเฆฃเฆพเฆฆเฆฟ เฆจเฆทเงเฆŸเง‡เฆฐ เฆšเง‡เฆทเงเฆŸเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆ›เง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡ เฆ†เฆถเฆ™เงเฆ•เฆพ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆถ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆจ เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพเฅค

เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆ†เฆฐเฆ“ เฆฌเฆฒเฆพ เฆนเงŸ, เฆ†เฆ‡เฆจ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆฏเฆผเง‹เฆ—เฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพ เฆ“ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเฆพเฆชเฆคเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆคเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเฆคเง‹ เฆ…เฆชเฆฐเฆพเฆง เฆšเฆพเฆฒเฆฟเงŸเง‡ เฆฏเฆพเฆšเงเฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆš เฆœเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ‡-เฆ†เฆ—เฆธเงเฆŸเง‡เฆฐ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฃเงเฆกเง‡เฆฐ เฆ†เฆŸเฆŸเฆฟ เฆ˜เฆŸเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆซเฆ†เฆ‡เฆ†เฆฐ เฆชเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฒเง‹เฆšเฆจเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆŸเฆฟ เฆเฆซเฆ†เฆ‡เฆ†เฆฐเง‡ เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพ, เฆ†เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฎเง€ เฆฒเง€เฆ—เง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเง€เฆธเฆน เงจเงฏเงญ เฆœเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆจเฆพเฆฎ เฆ“ เงฌเงฆเงฆ เฆ…เฆœเงเฆžเฆพเฆคเฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆšเฆฏเฆผ เฆ…เฆญเฆฟเฆฏเงเฆ•เงเฆค เฆ‰เฆฒเงเฆฒเง‡เฆ– เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆ†เฆŸ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพเฆฐ เฆชเฆพเฆเฆš เฆฌเฆพเฆฆเง€ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆšเฆ•เง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆฎเฆฏเฆผ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆคเง‡เฆจ เฆจเฆพ เฆ†เฆธเฆพเฆฎเฆฟ เฆนเฆฟเฆธเง‡เฆฌเง‡ เฆ•เฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆจเฆพเฆฎ เฆ‰เฆฒเงเฆฒเง‡เฆ– เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆญเฆพเฆทเงเฆฏ, เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆฌเฆพ เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพเฆจเง€เฆฏเฆผ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเง€เฆคเฆฟเฆฌเฆฟเฆฆเฆฐเฆพ เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆถเงเฆงเง เฆ•เฆพเฆ—เฆœเง‡ เฆธเฆ‡ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเง‡เฆจเฅค

เฆฆเงเฆ‡เฆœเฆจ เฆฌเฆพเฆฆเง€ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆšเฆ•เง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆ†เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฎเง€ เฆฒเง€เฆ— เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเง‹เฆงเง€ เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพเฆจเง€เฆฏเฆผ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเงˆเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆจเง‡เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถเง‡เฆฐ เฆฐเฆฟเฆชเง‹เฆฐเงเฆŸเง‡ เฆธเฆ‡ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆฏเฆฆเฆฟเฆ“ เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆคเง‡เฆจ เฆจเฆพ เฆฏเง‡ เฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเงเฆงเง‡ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆšเงเฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจ เฆšเฆฒเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฒเง‡ เฆขเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆฒเฆ•เงเฆทเงเฆฎเง€เฆฌเฆพเฆœเฆพเฆฐ เฆเฆฒเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฏเฆผ เฆจเฆฟเฆนเฆค เฆเฆ• เฆถเฆฟเฆ•เงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเง€เฆฐ เฆฎเฆพเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆ™เงเฆ—เง‡ เฆ•เฆฅเฆพ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆšเฅค เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆฏเฆ–เฆจ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆœเฆฟเฆธเงเฆŸเงเฆฐเง‡เฆŸ เฆ†เฆฆเฆพเฆฒเฆคเง‡ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆฏเฆพเฆจ, เฆคเฆ–เฆจ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆ“ เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพเฆจเง€เฆฏเฆผ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเงˆเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆจเง‡เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆคเฆพเฆ•เง‡ เฆเฆ•เฆŸเฆฟ เฆเฆซเฆ†เฆ‡เฆ†เฆฐเง‡ เฆธเฆ‡ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจเฅค เฆ†เฆ—เง‡เฆ‡ เฆฒเฆฟเฆ–เง‡ เฆฐเฆพเฆ–เฆพ เฆ“เฆ‡ เฆเฆซเฆ†เฆ‡เฆ†เฆฐเง‡ เฆ…เฆญเฆฟเฆฏเงเฆ•เงเฆค เฆนเฆฟเฆธเง‡เฆฌเง‡ เงซเงฆ เฆœเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆจเฆพเฆฎ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เงจเงฆเงฆ-เงฉเงฆเงฆ เฆœเฆจ เฆ…เฆœเงเฆžเฆพเฆค เฆ†เฆธเฆพเฆฎเฆฟเฆฐ เฆ•เฆฅเฆพ เฆ‰เฆฒเงเฆฒเง‡เฆ– เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเฅค

เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆš เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เง‡เฆ›เง‡, เฆ“เฆ‡ เฆเฆซเฆ†เฆ‡เฆ†เฆฐเง‡ เงชเงญ เฆœเฆจ เฆ†เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฎเง€ เฆฒเง€เฆ—เง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆพเฆฌเง‡เฆ• เฆฎเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเง€, เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเฆฆ เฆธเฆฆเฆธเงเฆฏ เฆ“ เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฒเง€เฆ— เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆจเฆพเฆฎ เฆ‰เฆฒเงเฆฒเง‡เฆ– เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆชเฆพเฆถเฆพเฆชเฆพเฆถเฆฟ เฆเฆ•เฆœเฆจ เฆถเฆฟเฆ•เงเฆทเฆ• เฆ“ เฆฆเงเฆ‡เฆœเฆจ เฆšเฆฟเฆ•เฆฟเงŽเฆธเฆ•เง‡เฆฐ เฆจเฆพเฆฎเฆ“ เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเฅค เฆ“เฆ‡ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, เฆ…เฆญเฆฟเฆฏเงเฆ•เงเฆคเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ…เฆจเง‡เฆ•เง‡เฆฐ เฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆšเฆฏเฆผเฆ‡ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆœเฆพเฆจเง‡เฆจ เฆจเฆพ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆ•เง€เฆญเฆพเฆฌเง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆ›เง‡เฆฒเง‡เฆฐ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฃเงเฆกเง‡ เฆœเฆกเฆผเฆฟเฆค เฆนเฆคเง‡ เฆชเฆพเฆฐเง‡ เฆคเฆพ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆฌเงเฆเฆคเง‡ เฆชเฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆจเฆจเฆฟเฅค

เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆ†เฆฐเฆ“ เฆ‰เฆฒเงเฆฒเง‡เฆ– เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผ, เฆ†เฆ‡เฆจเฆถเงƒเฆ™เงเฆ–เฆฒเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€ เฆเฆ–เฆจเง‹ เฆ…เฆธเฆ‚เฆ–เงเฆฏ 'เฆ…เฆœเงเฆžเฆพเฆค' เฆ†เฆธเฆพเฆฎเฆฟเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเงเฆงเง‡ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆเฆŸเฆพเฆ•เง‡ 'เฆฌเฆพเฆ‚เฆฒเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆถเง‡ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆšเฆฒเฆฟเฆค เฆ…เฆชเฆฌเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆนเฆพเฆฐเฆฎเง‚เฆฒเฆ• เฆชเฆฆเงเฆงเฆคเฆฟ' เฆนเฆฟเฆธเง‡เฆฌเง‡ เฆ‰เฆฒเงเฆฒเง‡เฆ– เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผ, เฆฏเฆพ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถเฆ•เง‡ เฆธเฆพเฆงเฆพเฆฐเฆฃเฆค เฆฏเง‡ เฆ•เฆพเฆ‰เฆ•เง‡ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพเฆฐ เฆ†เฆธเฆพเฆฎเฆฟ เฆจเฆพ เฆนเฆฒเง‡เฆ“ เฆ—เงเฆฐเง‡เฆชเงเฆคเฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเงเฆฏเง‹เฆ— เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆฆเง‡เฆฏเฆผเฅค

เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆš เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เง‡, เฆ…เฆญเงเฆฏเงเฆคเงเฆฅเฆพเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฎเฆฏเฆผ เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆจเฆพ เฆธเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆชเฆ•เงเฆทเง‡ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพเฆฐ เฆ…เฆญเฆฟเฆฏเง‹เฆ—เง‡ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆธเฆพเฆ‚เฆฌเฆพเฆฆเฆฟเฆ•เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเงเฆงเง‡ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

'เฆจเฆญเง‡เฆฎเงเฆฌเฆฐ เฆชเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆจเงเฆค เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพเฆฐ เฆœเฆจเงเฆฏ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆคเฆค เงงเงชเงฆ เฆœเฆจ เฆธเฆพเฆ‚เฆฌเฆพเฆฆเฆฟเฆ•เง‡เฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเงเฆงเง‡ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เง‡,' เฆฌเฆฒเฆพ เฆนเงŸ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆšเง‡เฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡เฅค

'เฆ‰เฆฆเฆพเฆนเฆฐเฆฃเฆธเงเฆฌเฆฐเง‚เฆช, เฆšเฆŸเงเฆŸเฆ—เงเฆฐเฆพเฆฎเง‡ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เงจเงฎ เฆธเฆพเฆ‚เฆฌเฆพเฆฆเฆฟเฆ•เง‡เฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเงเฆงเง‡ เฆคเฆฆเฆจเงเฆค เฆ•เฆฐเฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเงเฆงเง‡ เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆ•เงƒเฆค เฆ˜เฆŸเฆจเฆพ เฆ†เฆกเฆผเฆพเฆฒ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ "เฆฎเฆฟเฆฅเงเฆฏเฆพ เฆ“ เฆฎเฆจเฆ—เฆกเฆผเฆพ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจ เฆคเงˆเฆฐเฆฟ"เฆฐ เฆ…เฆญเฆฟเฆฏเง‹เฆ— เฆ†เฆจเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เง‡,' เฆฌเฆฒเฆพ เฆนเงŸ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡เฅค

เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆš เฆšเฆŸเงเฆŸเฆ—เงเฆฐเฆพเฆฎ เฆฎเง‡เฆกเฆฟเฆ•เง‡เฆฒ เฆ•เฆฒเง‡เฆœ เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆชเฆพเฆคเฆพเฆฒเง‡ เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฎเฆฏเฆผ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเฆฐเฆค เฆฆเงเฆ‡ เฆธเงเฆฌเฆพเฆธเงเฆฅเงเฆฏเฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเง€โ€”เฆ†เฆฎเฆœเฆพเฆฆ เฆนเง‹เฆธเง‡เฆจ เฆ“ เฆจเฆฟเฆœเฆพเฆฎ เฆ‰เฆฆเงเฆฆเฆฟเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆ™เงเฆ—เง‡ เฆ•เฆฅเฆพ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฆเงเฆงเง‡ เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆฎ เฆ†เฆ•เฆฐเฆพเฆฎเฆ•เง‡ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฐ เฆ…เฆญเฆฟเฆฏเง‹เฆ— เฆ†เฆจเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆ†เฆฎเฆœเฆพเฆฆ เฆฌเฆฒเง‡เฆจ, 'เฆ“เฆ‡เฆฆเฆฟเฆจ เฆ†เฆฎเฆฐเฆพ เฆฆเฆพเฆฏเฆผเฆฟเฆคเงเฆฌเฆฐเฆค เฆกเฆพเฆ•เงเฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆ™เงเฆ—เง‡ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆฎเง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเฆฐเฆฆเง‡เฆนเฆธเฆน เฆฌเฆฟเฆ•เงเฆทเง‹เฆญเง‡ เฆจเฆฟเฆนเฆค เฆ†เฆฐเฆ“ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆœเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเฆฐเฆฆเง‡เฆน เฆฆเง‡เฆ–เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเฆพเฆฎเฅค เฆ†เฆฎเฆฐเฆพ เฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆฌเฆพเฆฐเฆ—เงเฆฒเง‹เฆฐ เฆ•เฆพเฆ›เง‡ เฆฎเฆฐเฆฆเง‡เฆน เฆนเฆธเงเฆคเฆพเฆจเงเฆคเฆฐเง‡เฆ“ เฆธเฆนเฆพเฆฏเฆผเฆคเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเฆพเฆฎเฅค เฆฏเฆ–เฆจ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆคเง‡ เฆชเฆพเฆฐเฆฒเฆพเฆฎ เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆธเฆฟเฆฎ เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฐ เฆฎเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพเฆฏเฆผ เฆ†เฆฎเฆพเฆฐ เฆจเฆพเฆฎ เฆฆเง‡เฆ“เงŸเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡, เฆ…เฆฌเฆพเฆ• เฆนเงŸเง‡ เฆฏเฆพเฆ‡เฅค เฆธเง‡เฆฆเฆฟเฆจ เฆ†เฆฎเฆฟ เฆนเฆพเฆธเฆชเฆพเฆคเฆพเฆฒเง‡ เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเฆพเฆฎ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆ†เฆนเฆค เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆšเฆฟเฆ•เฆฟเงŽเฆธเฆพ เฆฆเฆฟเฆคเง‡ เฆ—เฆฟเงŸเง‡ เฆกเฆพเฆฌเฆฒ เฆกเฆฟเฆ‰เฆŸเฆฟ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เฆฟเฅค'

เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เงŸเฆพเฆš เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆ•เฆฟเฆ›เง เฆธเงเฆชเฆพเฆฐเฆฟเฆถ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆเฆฐ เฆฎเฆงเงเฆฏเง‡ เฆธเงเฆฌเฆฐเฆพเฆทเงเฆŸเงเฆฐ เฆฎเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฃเฆพเฆฒเฆฏเฆผเฆ•เง‡ เฆ•เฆพเฆ เฆพเฆฎเง‹เฆ—เฆคเฆญเฆพเฆฌเง‡ เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆ‰เฆฆเงเฆฏเง‹เฆ— เฆจเง‡เฆ“เงŸเฆพเฆฐ เฆธเงเฆชเฆพเฆฐเฆฟเฆถ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡, เฆฏเง‡เฆจ เฆ†เฆ‡เฆจเฆชเงเฆฐเฆฏเฆผเง‹เฆ—เฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆธเฆ‚เฆธเงเฆฅเฆพเฆ—เงเฆฒเง‹เฆฐ เฆฆเฆพเฆฏเฆผเฆฟเฆคเงเฆฌเฆชเงเฆฐเฆพเฆชเงเฆคเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเงˆเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆธเงเฆฌเฆพเฆงเง€เฆจเฆคเฆพ เฆจเฆฟเฆถเงเฆšเฆฟเฆค เฆนเฆฏเฆผเฅค

เฆ…เฆจเงเฆคเฆฐเงเฆฌเฆฐเงเฆคเง€ เฆธเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟ เฆนเฆฟเฆ‰เฆฎเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจ เฆฐเฆพเฆ‡เฆŸเฆธ เฆ“เงŸเฆพเฆšเง‡เฆฐ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆฐเง‹เฆง, เฆฌเฆฟเฆšเฆพเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆญเฆพเฆ— เฆ“ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆธเฆฟเฆ•เฆฟเฆ‰เฆถเฆจเฆ•เง‡ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฌเฆพเฆนเง€ เฆฌเฆฟเฆญเฆพเฆ—เง‡เฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆญเฆพเฆฌเฆฎเงเฆ•เงเฆค เฆฐเฆพเฆ–เฆคเง‡ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆฐเฆพเฆœเฆจเงˆเฆคเฆฟเฆ• เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆจเงเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฃ เฆฌเฆพ เฆนเฆธเงเฆคเฆ•เงเฆทเง‡เฆช เฆฅเง‡เฆ•เง‡ เฆธเงเฆฐเฆ•เงเฆทเฆฟเฆค เฆฐเฆพเฆ–เฆคเง‡ เฆฏเง‡เฆจ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆฏเฆผเง‹เฆœเฆจเง€เฆฏเฆผ เฆฌเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆธเงเฆฅเฆพ เฆจเง‡เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเฅค

เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆ†เฆฐเฆ“ เฆธเงเฆชเฆพเฆฐเฆฟเฆถ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เง‡, เฆฐโ€Œเงเฆฏเฆพเฆชเฆฟเฆก เฆ…เงเฆฏเฆพเฆ•เฆถเฆจ เฆฌเงเฆฏเฆพเฆŸเฆพเฆฒเฆฟเงŸเฆจ (เฆฐโ€Œเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฌ) เฆฌเฆฟเฆฒเงเฆชเงเฆค เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆฆเง‡เฆ“เงŸเฆพ เฆ‰เฆšเฆฟเฆคเฅค​
 

UN finds evidence of Hasina's human rights violation in July uprising

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Ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her top brass grossly violated human rights to subdue the July uprising, reports Prothom Alo citing a UN fact finding mission.


A student-led protest against government job reservations in early July 2024 spread across the country through the month and eventually toppled the government, ending 15 years of absolute rule by Awami League. Faced with a people's uprising, Hasina fled to India on August 5 and has remained there since them.

The UN enquiry has found evidence that top officials of the autocratic regime of Awami League were complicit with the law enforcement agencies in using excessive force against protesters, reported the Bengali daily.

The enquiry report, set to be launched this afternoon in Geneva, covering human rights violations between July 1 and August 15, 2024, reportedly says that Awami League, together with its associate bodies, and law enforcement agencies like the police, border guards, Rab and Special Branch resorted to extrajudicial killings, indiscriminate firing, mass arrests, torture, enforced confinement and denial of treatment of the protesters.

The UN team from the office of its human rights commissioner visited several citiesโ€”Chattogram, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Bogura, Khulna, Sylhet and Gazipurโ€”that witnessed strong protests. The team conducted over 230 interviews while developing the report. According reports, the UN team also spoke to 36 current and former officials of law enforcement and intelligence agencies.

The UN human rights chief Volker Tรผrk was in Bangladesh in end October.

The Prothom Alo states that the UN finds that the political leadership and law enforcer are culpable in gross human rights violations arising out of their concerted use of excessive force. The report names several intelligence agencies and elite crime busting units as complicit in these human rights violations. These include the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence (DGFI), National Security Intelligence (NSI), National Telecommunication Monitoring Cell (NTMC), Detective Bureau (DB) of the police, Special Branch (SB) of the police and the Counterterrorism and Tran-national Crime (CTTC) Unit.​
 

ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCE: Only 1 of 12 on ICT warrants arrested
Tanzil Rahaman 11 February, 2025, 23:56

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The police could arrest only one suspect, out of 12 individuals, against whom the International Crimes Tribunal in the first phase issued warrants of arrest for their alleged involvement in incidents of enforced disappearance during the Awami League regime in the past 15 years.

The hearing of the case is scheduled for today and only former Major General Ziaul Ahsan, also a former director general of the National Telecommunication National Telecommunication Monitoring Centre, was shown arrested in the case.

Ziaul was arrested on August 16, 2024 in a murder case and was later shown arrested in the enforced disappearance case, officials said.

The ICT issued warrants of arrest against the 12 suspects on January 6.

Besides Ziaul, the other 11 accused include ousted prime minister and Awami League president Sheikh Hasina, her former security and defence adviser Tarique Ahmed Siddique, former inspector general of police Benazir Ahmed, retired lieutenant colonel Moksurul Haque and former CTTC chief and deputy inspector general of police Md Asaduzzaman.

Five former directors general of the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence โ€“ retired Lieutenant General Md Akbar Hossain, retired Major General Md Saiful Abedin, retired Lieutenant General Md Saiful Alam, retired Lieutenant General Ahmed Tabrez Shams Chowdhury and retired Major General Hamidul Huq and former Counter Terrorism and Intelligence Bureau director retired Major General Mohammad Towhid-ul-Islam are also facing arrest warrants issued by the ICT on January 6.

โ€˜It is the duty of the police to arrest them as the court issued warrants to arrest them,โ€™ ICT chief prosecutor Mohammad Tajul Islam told New Age.

Besides Ziaul, two more former police officers โ€“ former superintendent of police Mohiuddin Faruqi and additional superintendent of police Alep Uddin โ€“ were so far arrested in cases of enforced disappearances, he said.

He said that they were preparing a list of other accused people in enforced disappearing cases.

Additional inspector general of police for crimes and operations (current charge) Md Akram Hossain said that he knew nothing about the arrest warrant.

He declined to make any comment about the issue.

The members of the Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearance said that five former DGFI directors general and former CTIB director were accused of command responsibility over the DGFI headquartersโ€™ Joint Interrogation Cell, popularly known as Aynaghar.

According to two commission members, four former DGFI chiefs were in the Dhaka cantonment till the issuance of the warrants of arrest and former DGFI chief Md Saiful Abedin was now in the United States.

They claimed that four former DGFI DGs and a former CTIB director were still staying in the country.

Asked for comments about the four former DGFI DGs staying in the cantonment till the issuance of the ICT arrest warrant, the Inter Services Public Relation Directorate did not make any comment in this connection although they were approached several times in the past two weeks over the telephone.

One of the commission members said that the trial process would be hampered if the accused former Army officers were not arrested.

Asked whether it would affect the investigation or the trial process if the former army officials were not arrested, ICT chief prosecutor Tajul said, โ€˜We think that the court or law is above all. It is the duty of the law enforcement agencies to show respect to the courtโ€™s order.โ€™

According to the enforced disappearance commission, Md Akbar Hossain served as the DGFI DG from August 8, 2013 to February 1, 2017, Md Saiful Abedin from February 2, 2017 to March 4, 2020, Md Saiful Alam from March 5, 2020 to July 27, 2021, Ahmed Tabrez Shams Chowdhury from July 28, 2021 to November 2, 2022 and Hamidul Huq served as the DGFI DG from November 3, 2022 to August 5, 2024.

Mohammad Towhid-ul-Islam served as the director of the CTIB from November 2014 to August 2018.

On December 14, 2024, the Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearance in its first interim report submitted to the interim government found prima facie involvement of the deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina and some high-ranking officials of security forces and her government in enforced disappearances.

The government formed the commission after it had taken office on August 8, 2024, three days after the fall of the Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League regime on August 5, 2024 amid a student-led mass uprising.

The commission said that they recorded 1,676 complaints of enforced disappearances, while 758 complaints were scrutinised.

The commission estimates the number of enforced disappearances in the country would cross 3,500.​
 
Reuters

UN reports grave rights violations in Bangladesh protest response​

Reuters
Wed, February 12, 2025 at 1:00 AM PST
2 min read

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UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Turk

GENEVA (Reuters) - Officials from Bangladesh's former government and security apparatus systematically committed serious human rights violations against protesters staging mass demonstrations last summer, the U.N. human rights chief said on Wednesday.

Presenting the report of a fact-finding mission, High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Turk told reporters in Geneva that crimes against humanity may have been carried out amid a climate of fear and mass arrests.

Testimony from senior Bangladesh officials and other evidence showed an official policy to attack and violently repress anti-government protesters and sympathisers, the report said.

The U.N. called for urgent further criminal investigation into the violations.

The protests began as a student-led movement against public sector job quotas but quickly morphed into a broader, nationwide uprising that forced then-prime minister Sheikh Hasina to resign and flee to India as the unrest peaked in early August.

Hasina, who had ruled Bangladesh since 2009, is being investigated on suspicion of crimes against humanity, genocide, murder, corruption and money laundering and Dhaka has asked New Delhi to extradite her.

Hasina and her party deny wrongdoing, while New Delhi has not responded to the extradition request. Neither Hasina nor officials of her Awami League party could not be reached for comment on the U.N. Human Rights report.

The U.N. fact-finding mission visited Bangladesh at the invitation of the interim government led by Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhammad Yunus.

"Top echelons of the previous government were aware and were involved in the commission of very serious violations, including enforced disappearances, arbitrary detentions and suppression of the protests through violence" Turk told reporters.

When asked for examples of the worse violations found in the report, Turk told Reuters: "It's a very brutal read; 78% of the over 1,000 people killed was by firing - military rifles, shotguns with pellets." Others suffered "horrific", life-changing injuries, he added.

(Reporting by Olivia Le Poidevin in Geneva and Sudipto Ganguly in Mumbai; Editing by Rachel More, YP Rajesh and Aidan Lewis)
 

Hasina ordered protestersโ€™ killing, body hiding: UN
Staff Correspondent 12 February, 2025, 16:04

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OHCHR logo | BSS photo

The ousted prime minister and Awami League president, Sheikh Hasina, herself ordered security forces to kill protesters and hide their bodies to quell the student-led protests in July 2024 in Bangladesh, according to a report by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.

The report, released from Geneva on Wednesday, said that the government of Sheikh Hasina and security and intelligence services, alongside violent elements associated with the Awami League, systematically engaged in a range of serious human rights violations during the student-led protests.

โ€˜On the evening of 18 July, the then home affairs minister chaired a meeting of the โ€œCore Committee,โ€ attended by the heads of Police, RAB and BGB and intelligence leaders. At the meeting, the minister told the BGB commander, in front of the other senior security sector leaders, to order use of lethal force much more readily, as one of the meeting participants related to OHCHR,โ€™ it said.

โ€˜Senior official testimony also indicated that, in a meeting held the next day, the Prime Minister herself told security force officials to kill protesters to quell the protests and specifically demanded to โ€œarrest the ringleaders of the protests, the troublemakers, kill them and hide their bodiesโ€, it added.

โ€˜This testimony is also consistent with Awami League General Secretary and then government minister Obaidul Quader telling reporters on July 19 that security forces had been given orders to โ€œshoot on sight,โ€ an instruction manifestly incompatible with international human rights standards,โ€™ it said.

To remain in power, the Hasina government tried systematically to suppress these protests with increasingly violent means, the investigation also revealed.

โ€˜The brutal response was a calculated and well-coordinated strategy by the former government to hold onto power in the face of mass opposition,โ€™ said UN Human Rights chief Volker Turk in a statement on the occasion.

โ€˜There are reasonable grounds to believe hundreds of extrajudicial killings, extensive arbitrary arrests and detentions, and torture, were carried out with the knowledge, coordination and direction of the political leadership and senior security officials as part of a strategy to suppress the protests,โ€™ he added.

Meanwhile, the Professor Muhammad Yunus-led interim government has welcomed the report and thanked the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for undertaking an independent investigation into the rights violations and abuses during the July-August student-led mass uprising that ousted the authoritarian regime of Sheikh Hasina, who fled to India for shelter on August 5, 2024.

The UN report recommended disbanding the Rapid Action Battalion and return personnel not involved in serious violations to their home units and confining the functions of the Border Guards Bangladesh to border control issues and the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence to military intelligence and limit and delineate their resources and legal powers accordingly.

It also suggested demilitarising control over the Ansar/VDP to the extent that they assume law enforcement support tasks.

Responding to a question at a hybrid press conference, Rory Mungoven, the chief of the Asia-Pacific Section of the UN Human Rights Office, said that they had found the use of military rifles in 66 per cent cases of deaths, shotguns with pellets in 12 per cent, pistols 2 in per cent and others in 20 per cent cases, while referring to a Dhaka Medical College forensic department examinations of 130 cases of deaths as mentioned in the report.

Regarding the UN support in bringing to justice Hasina and others who fled the country after the July uprising to ensure justice, he said that the UN, like many countries, had reservations about the trial process leading to the death penalty and it needed to be seen from a broader perspective.

And Bangladesh should reconsider the death penalty, he added.

Drawing on the testimony of senior officials and other evidence, the UN Human Rights Office probe also found an official policy to attack and violently repress anti-government protesters and sympathisers, raising concerns as to crimes against humanity requiring urgent further criminal investigation.

It found patterns of security forces deliberately and impermissibly killing or maiming protesters, including incidents where people were shot at point-blank range.

Based on deaths reported by various credible sources, the report estimates that as many as 1,400 people may have been killed between July 1 and August 15, and thousands were injured, the vast majority of whom were shot by Bangladeshโ€™s security forces, said the report.

Of these, the report indicates that as many as 12 or 13 per cent of those killed were children. Bangladesh Police reported that 44 of its officers were killed, it mentioned.

The protests were triggered by the High Courtโ€™s decision to reinstate a quota system in public service jobs but were rooted in much broader grievances arising from destructive and corrupt politics and governance that had entrenched economic inequalities, said the report.

At the request of the interim government chief adviser, Mohammed Yunus, the UN Human Rights Office in September dispatched a team to Bangladesh, including human rights investigators, a forensics physician and a weapons expert, to conduct an independent and impartial fact-finding into the alleged human rights violations that took place in Bangladesh between July 1 and August 15 in 2024.

Former senior officials directly involved in handling the protests and other inside sources described how ousted prime minister Sheikh Hasina and other senior officials directed and oversaw a series of large-scale operations, in which security and intelligence forces shot and killed protesters or arbitrarily arrested and tortured them, the report mentioned.

The report examined in detail the emblematic case of Abu Sayed, among others, who was filmed shouting โ€˜shoot meโ€™ at police with his arms spread wide apart at a protest at Begum Rokeya University in Rangpur.

There are reasonable grounds to believe that Abu Sayed was the victim of a deliberate extrajudicial killing by the police, the report said.

Having been at the forefront of the early protests, women, including protest leaders, were also subjected to arbitrary arrests, torture and ill-treatment and attacks by security forces and Awami League supporters.

The report documented gender-based violence, including physical assaults and threats of rape, aiming at deterring women from participating in protests.

The investigation also found police and other security forces killed and maimed children, and subjected them to arbitrary arrest, detention in inhumane conditions and torture.

Also among those killed were very young children who were brought by their parents to protests, or who were shot as bystanders.

On August 5โ€“ the final and one of the deadliest days of the protests โ€“ a 12-year-old boy who was shot by the police in Azampur recalled that police were โ€˜firing everywhere like rainfallโ€™.

It also documented troubling instances of retaliatory killings and other serious revenge violence targeting Awami League officials and supporters, police and media, as the Hasina government started to lose control of the country.

โ€˜Hindus, Ahmadiyya Muslims and indigenous people from the Chittagong Hill Tracts were also subjected to human rights abuses. While some 100 arrests in relation to attacks on distinct religious and indigenous groups have reportedly been made, the perpetrators of many other acts of revenge violence and attacks on such groups still enjoy impunity,โ€™ the report said.

The 114-page report provides a detailed set of recommendations to reform the security and justice sectors, abolish a host of repressive laws and institutions designed to stifle civic and political dissent and implement broader changes to the political system and economic governance.​
 

UN rights chief suggests pursuing ICC, universal jurisdiction to bring back offenders
Diplomatic Correspondent
Dhaka
Published: 12 Feb 2025, 23: 06

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Volker Turk, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Reuters file photo

The brutal response to the student-people movement in July and August last year was a calculated and well-coordinated strategy by the former government to hold onto power, said Volker Tรผrk, the United Nations high commissioner for human rights.

While disclosing a fact-finding report on human rights violations and abuses in the July-August uprising on Wednesday, he also noted that these acts were carried out with the knowledge, coordination and direction of the former political leadership and senior security officials.

To hold the responsible ones accountable, particularly for those staying abroad, he mentioned that there are accountability avenues at the international level that can be considered such as universal jurisdiction as well as a referral by Bangladesh of this situation to the International Criminal Court (ICC).

Universal jurisdiction is a specific form of extraterritorial jurisdiction. It is based on the idea that some crimes are so serious that all states have the obligation to prosecute offenders, even if the offender is not a national of that state and even if the crime was committed elsewhere. As per rules, all states should prosecute perpetrators of war crimes in their own courts or hand them over to another state that will prosecute them.

The report is based on a comprehensive investigation undertaken by an interdisciplinary team of investigators from the UN human rights office, including a forensic specialist and weapons expert.

Volker Tรผrk said, โ€œAmong our key findings: There are reasonable grounds to believe that officials of the former government, its security and intelligence apparatus, together with violent elements associated with the former ruling party, committed serious and systematic human rights violations. These include hundreds of extrajudicial killings, extensive arbitrary arrest and detention, and torture and ill-treatment, including of children, as well as gender-based violence.โ€

He also noted that โ€œThese violations were carried out with the knowledge, coordination and direction of the former political leadership and senior security officials, with the specific goal of suppressing the protests and keep the former governmentโ€™s grip on power. Women and girls were at the forefront of the early protests and our report details they were specifically subjected to gender-based violence by security forces and Awami League supporters. There are reasonable grounds to believe that certain crimes against humanity have been committed, directed against protesters and their supporters."

Over the trial of the incidents, the high commissioner said, โ€œEfforts to ensure accountability have begun, with many cases being lodged, including before Bangladeshโ€™s domestic International Crimes Tribunal. There are major challenges and deficiencies in the current legal system, and significant steps need to be undertaken to ensure compliance with international standards of due process and fair trial.โ€

Ousted prime minister Sheikh Hasina, who is accused of human rights violations, is now staying in India. Asked about potential avenues to bring her back, Volker Tรผrk noted that the universal jurisdiction mechanism can be used if an offender stays abroad. However, the host country needs to agree to try crimes of severe human rights violations.

Besides, Bangladesh may pursue the ICC in this regard, he added.​
 
As per the UN investigation, Bangladesh Awami League conducted sexual assaults against female protesters.:mad:


เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ“เฆชเฆฐ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆชเง€เงœเฆจเฆ“ เฆšเฆพเฆฒเฆฟเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆ†เฆ“เงŸเฆพเฆฎเง€ เฆฒเง€เฆ—

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เฆœเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ‡-เฆ†เฆ—เฆธเงเฆŸเง‡เฆฐ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเง‡ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฐเฆพ | เฆธเงเฆŸเฆพเฆฐ เฆซเฆพเฆ‡เฆฒ เฆซเฆŸเง‹

เฆœเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ‡ เฆ…เฆญเงเฆฏเงเฆคเงเฆฅเฆพเฆจเง‡ เฆ…เฆ‚เฆถ เฆจเง‡เฆ“เงŸเฆพ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ…เฆชเฆฆเฆธเงเฆฅ เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆ‰เฆฆเงเฆฆเง‡เฆถเงเฆฏเฆชเงเฆฐเฆฃเง‹เฆฆเฆฟเฆคเฆญเฆพเฆฌเง‡ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ“เฆชเฆฐ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆชเง€เงœเฆจ เฆšเฆพเฆฒเฆฟเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆ†เฆ“เงŸเฆพเฆฎเง€ เฆฒเง€เฆ—เฅค

เฆคเงŽเฆ•เฆพเฆฒเง€เฆจ เฆ•เงเฆทเฆฎเฆคเฆพเฆธเง€เฆจ เฆฆเฆฒเง‡เฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเง€เฆฐเฆพ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆถเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฐเฆฟเฆ• เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆคเฆจ, เฆงเฆฐเงเฆทเฆฃเง‡เฆฐ เฆนเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฟ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆนเงŸเฆฐเฆพเฆจเฆฟ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆ†เฆœ เฆฌเงเฆงเฆฌเฆพเฆฐ เฆœเฆพเฆคเฆฟเฆธเฆ‚เฆ˜เง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเฆพเฆจเฆฌเฆพเฆงเฆฟเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆ•เฆพเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆฒเงŸ เฆฅเง‡เฆ•เง‡ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆถเฆฟเฆค เฆœเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ‡ เฆ…เฆญเงเฆฏเงเฆคเงเฆฅเฆพเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆ™เงเฆ—เง‡ เฆธเฆฎเงเฆชเฆฐเงเฆ•เฆฟเฆค เฆฎเฆพเฆจเฆฌเฆพเฆงเฆฟเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆฒเฆ™เงเฆ˜เฆจ เฆ“ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆคเฆจ เฆธเฆ‚เฆ•เงเฆฐเฆพเฆจเงเฆค เฆซเงเฆฏเฆพเฆ•เงเฆŸ-เฆซเฆพเฆ‡เฆจเงเฆกเฆฟเฆ‚ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆเฆธเฆฌ เฆคเฆฅเงเฆฏ เฆ‰เฆ เง‡ เฆเฆธเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆฌเฆฒเฆพ เฆนเงŸ, เฆœเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ‡เฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆฐ เฆฎเฆพเฆเฆพเฆฎเฆพเฆเฆฟ เฆธเฆฎเงŸเง‡ เฆ†เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฎเง€ เฆฒเง€เฆ— เฆธเฆฐเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆธเฆถเฆธเงเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆ‚เฆ—เฆ เฆฟเฆค เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆฅเฆพเฆ•เง‡เฅค เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจ เฆฆเฆฎเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆพเฆฅเฆฎเฆฟเฆ• เฆงเฆพเฆชเง‡ เฆ†เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฎเง€ เฆฒเง€เฆ— เฆจเง‡เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ‰เฆธเฆ•เฆพเฆจเฆฟเฆคเง‡ เฆฒเฆพเฆ เฆฟเฆธเง‹เฆเฆŸเฆพ, เฆงเฆพเฆฐเฆพเฆฒเง‹ เฆ…เฆธเงเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆ•เฆฟเฆ›เง เฆ•เงเฆทเง‡เฆคเงเฆฐเง‡ เฆ†เฆ—เงเฆจเง‡เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆธเงเฆคเงเฆฐ เฆจเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเง‡ เฆถเฆฟเฆ•เงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ“เฆชเฆฐ เฆนเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพ เฆšเฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆฏเฆผ เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฒเง€เฆ— เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเง€เฆฐเฆพเฅค

เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเง‡ เฆ…เฆ‚เฆถเฆ—เงเฆฐเฆนเฆฃเง‡ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเงŽเฆธเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆค เฆ•เฆฐเฆคเง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ“เฆชเฆฐ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆชเง€เงœเฆจ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเงŸ เฆ“ เฆ…เฆชเฆฆเฆธเงเฆฅ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพเฆฐ เฆšเง‡เฆทเงเฆŸเฆพ เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเงŸเฅค

เฆเฆฐเฆฎเฆงเงเฆฏเง‡ เฆ•เงŸเง‡เฆ•เฆœเฆจ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆ•เง‡ เฆฌเง‡เฆ†เฆ‡เฆจเฆฟเฆญเฆพเฆฌเง‡ เฆ†เฆŸเฆ• เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเฅค เฆ•เงŸเง‡เฆ•เฆœเฆจ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆคเฆจ เฆ“ เฆ…เฆฎเฆพเฆจเฆฌเฆฟเฆ• เฆ†เฆšเฆฐเฆฃเง‡เฆฐ เฆถเฆฟเฆ•เฆพเฆฐ เฆนเฆจเฅค

เฆเฆ›เฆพเงœเฆพ, เฆถเฆฟเฆถเงเฆฆเง‡เฆฐเฆ“ เฆฒเฆ•เงเฆทเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆธเงเฆคเง เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเฆฏเฆผเฅค เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจ เฆšเฆฒเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฒเง‡ เฆถเฆฟเฆถเงเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆฌเฆฟเฆšเฆพเฆฐเฆฌเฆนเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆญเง‚เฆค เฆนเฆคเงเฆฏเฆพ, เฆฌเง‡เฆ†เฆ‡เฆจเฆฟเฆญเฆพเฆฌเง‡ เฆ—เงเฆฐเง‡เฆชเงเฆคเฆพเฆฐ, เฆ…เฆฎเฆพเฆจเฆฌเฆฟเฆ• เฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆถเง‡ เฆ†เฆŸเฆ•, เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆคเฆจ เฆ“ เฆ‡เฆšเงเฆ›เฆพเฆ•เงƒเฆค เฆ…เฆ™เงเฆ—เฆนเฆพเฆจเฆฟ เฆ˜เฆŸเฆฟเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆ…เฆจเงเฆฏเฆพเฆจเงเฆฏ เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเฆพเฆชเฆคเงเฆคเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆนเฆฟเฆจเง€เฅค

เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆ“เฆชเฆฐ เฆถเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฐเฆฟเฆ• เฆ†เฆ•เงเฆฐเฆฎเฆฃเง‡เฆฐ เฆชเฆพเฆถเฆพเฆชเฆพเฆถเฆฟ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆชเง€เงœเฆจเฆ“ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆจเฆฟเงŸเฆฎเฆฟเฆคเฅค เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆฌเฆพเฆฐเฆฌเฆพเฆฐ เฆ…เฆฌเฆฎเฆพเฆจเฆจเฆพเฆ•เฆฐ เฆถเฆฌเงเฆฆ เฆฌเงเฆฏเฆฌเฆนเฆพเฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆฒเฆพเฆžเงเฆ›เฆฟเฆค เฆ•เฆฐเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค

เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆงเฆฐเงเฆทเฆฃ เฆ“ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆชเง€เงœเฆจเง‡เฆฐ เฆนเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฟ เฆฆเฆฟเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆนเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆ†เฆ“เฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆฎเง€ เฆฒเง€เฆ—, เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฒเง€เฆ— เฆ“ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถ เฆธเฆฆเฆธเงเฆฏเฆฐเฆพเฅค

เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡ เฆเฆ•เฆŸเฆฟ เฆ˜เฆŸเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฐเงเฆฃเฆจเฆพ เฆฆเง‡เฆ“เงŸเฆพ เฆนเงŸเง‡เฆ›เง‡เฅค เฆ†เฆ—เฆธเงเฆŸเง‡เฆฐ เฆถเงเฆฐเงเฆคเง‡ เฆขเฆพเฆ•เฆพเฆฏเฆผ เฆเฆ•เฆฆเฆฒ เฆชเงเฆฐเงเฆท เฆฌเฆพเฆเฆถเง‡เฆฐ เฆฒเฆพเฆ เฆฟ เฆนเฆพเฆคเง‡ เฆเฆ• เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆ•เง‡ เฆ†เฆŸเฆ•เฆพเงŸ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆœเฆพเฆจเฆคเง‡ เฆšเฆพเงŸ เฆคเฆฟเฆจเฆฟ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆ•เฆฟ เฆจเฆพเฅค เฆ“เฆ‡ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฐ เฆซเง‹เฆจ เฆ“ เฆฌเงเฆฏเฆพเฆ— เฆคเฆฒเงเฆฒเฆพเฆถเฆฟ เฆถเง‡เฆทเง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆฌเฆพเฆ‚เฆฒเฆพเฆฆเง‡เฆถเง‡เฆฐ เฆชเฆคเฆพเฆ•เฆพ เฆ–เงเฆเฆœเง‡ เฆชเฆพเงŸเฅค เฆชเฆฐเง‡ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆ“เฆชเฆฐ เฆถเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฐเฆฟเฆ• เฆจเฆฟเฆฐเงเฆฏเฆพเฆคเฆจ เฆถเงเฆฐเง เฆ•เฆฐเง‡โ€”เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆšเงเฆฒ เฆงเฆฐเง‡ เฆŸเฆพเฆจ เฆฆเง‡เงŸ, เฆœเฆพเฆฎเฆพ เฆ›เฆฟเฆเงœเง‡ เฆซเง‡เฆฒเง‡ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆนเงŸเฆฐเฆพเฆจเฆฟ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฅค เฆชเฆพเฆถเฆพเฆชเฆพเฆถเฆฟ เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆ—เฆพเงŸเง‡ เฆจเฆ– เฆฆเฆฟเงŸเง‡ เฆ†เฆเฆšเงœ เฆ•เฆพเฆŸเง‡ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆจเฆฟเฆชเง€เฆกเฆผเฆจเฆฎเง‚เฆฒเฆ• เฆ—เฆพเฆฒเฆพเฆ—เฆพเฆฒ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆฏเฆพเงŸเฅค

เฆœเงเฆฒเฆพเฆ‡เงŸเง‡ เฆขเฆพเฆ•เฆพเงŸ เฆ†เฆฐเง‡เฆ• เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆ†เฆจเงเฆฆเง‹เฆฒเฆจเฆ•เฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฐ เฆ“เฆชเฆฐ เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฒเง€เฆ—เง‡เฆฐ เฆนเฆพเฆฎเฆฒเฆพเฆฐ เฆฌเฆฐเงเฆฃเฆจเฆพเฆ“ เฆ‰เฆ เง‡ เฆเฆธเง‡เฆ›เง‡ เฆœเฆพเฆคเฆฟเฆธเฆ‚เฆ˜เง‡เฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆคเฆฟเฆฌเง‡เฆฆเฆจเง‡เฅค เฆ“เฆ‡ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€, เฆคเฆพเฆฐ เฆฎเฆพ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆชเฆฐเฆฟเฆฌเฆพเฆฐเง‡เฆฐ เฆธเฆฌ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆธเฆฆเฆธเงเฆฏเฆฆเง‡เฆฐ เฆงเฆฐเงเฆทเฆฃเง‡เฆฐ เฆนเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฟ เฆฆเง‡เงŸ เฆฆเงเฆ‡ เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฒเง€เฆ— เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเง€เฅค เฆเฆฐเฆชเฆฐ เฆ…เฆถเงเฆฒเง€เฆฒ เฆฎเฆจเงเฆคเฆฌเงเฆฏ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆนเงŸเฆฐเฆพเฆจเฆฟ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฅค เฆเฆ‡ เฆ˜เฆŸเฆจเฆพเฆฐ เฆชเฆฐ เฆญเงเฆ•เงเฆคเฆญเง‹เฆ—เง€ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€ เฆซเง‹เฆจเง‡ เฆงเฆฐเงเฆทเฆฃเง‡เฆฐ เฆ†เฆฐเฆ“ เฆนเงเฆฎเฆ•เฆฟ เฆชเฆพเฆจเฅค

เฆ•เงเฆฎเฆฟเฆฒเงเฆฒเฆพเงŸ เฆ›เฆพเฆคเงเฆฐเฆฒเง€เฆ— เฆ•เฆฐเงเฆฎเง€เฆฐเฆพ เฆฌเง‡เฆถ เฆ•เฆฏเฆผเง‡เฆ•เฆœเฆจ เฆจเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆ•เง‡ เฆถเฆพเฆฐเง€เฆฐเฆฟเฆ•เฆญเฆพเฆฌเง‡ เฆฒเฆพเฆžเงเฆ›เฆฟเฆค เฆ•เฆฐเง‡, เฆฏเฆพเฆฐ เฆฎเฆงเงเฆฏเง‡ เฆฆเงเฆœเฆจ เฆถเฆฟเฆ•เงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเง€ เฆ›เฆฟเฆฒเง‡เฆจเฅค เฆคเฆพเฆฐเฆพ เฆ“เฆ‡ เฆฆเงเฆ‡ เฆถเฆฟเฆ•เงเฆทเฆพเฆฐเงเฆฅเง€เฆ•เง‡ เฆ†เฆŸเฆ•เฆพเงŸ, เฆฏเงŒเฆจ เฆนเงŸเฆฐเฆพเฆจเฆฟ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡ เฆเฆฌเฆ‚ เฆเฆฐเฆชเฆฐ เฆชเงเฆฒเฆฟเฆถเง‡เฆฐ เฆ•เฆพเฆ›เง‡ เฆนเฆธเงเฆคเฆพเฆจเงเฆคเฆฐ เฆ•เฆฐเง‡เฅค
 

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