[🇵🇰] Nuclear Power Plants ... Pakistan

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Electricity sector​

Total generation (in 2020): 133 TWh

Generation mix: natural gas 44.3 TWh (33%); hydro 34.0 TWh (26%); coal 25.7 TWh (19%); oil 13.1 TWh (10%); nuclear 11.5 TWh (9%); wind 2.9 TWh (2%); solar 0.7 TWh; biofuels & waste 0.9 TWh.

Import/export balance: 0.5 TWh imports, no exports

Total consumption: 108 TWh

Per capita consumption: c. 500 kWh/yr

 

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Seventh nuclear power plant of 1,200 megawatt is under construction/
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman Dr Raja Ali Wednesday said that another nuclear power plant of 1,200 megawatt is under construction with the cooperation of China at the Chashma site, Punjab.

Dr Raja highlighted that Pakistan was safely operating six nuclear power plants constituting a total electricity generation capacity of 3,530 megawatts.

All these plants were constructed in cooperation with China.

 

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Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) Unit 1​

Pakistan’s first nuclear power plant, 137 MW KANUPP, was constructed in the outskirt of Karachi and achieved its first criticality on August 01, 1971.

After almost 50-years of operation, permanent shutdown of the plant on August, 2021...

..

 

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K-2 and K-3 Karachi

 

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Chashma 5

In November 2010 the PAEC signed a construction agreement with CNNC for a fifth unit at Chashma. In February 2013 a further agreement was signed by PAEC with CNNC for a 1000 MWe unit at Chashma. It was reported that China expected that this deal would be controversial under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and guidelines of the NSG. Early in 2013 CNNC confirmed that the reactor would be an ACP1000 unit, though not necessarily at Chashma. In November 2017 CNNC signed a cooperation agreement with PAEC on the construction of Chashma 5 as a Hualong One unit. In 2020 an environmental assessment was under way.

Energy policy​

In July 2013 the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (ECNEC) approved about 3.5 GWe of new power projects totalling PKR 1303 billion ($12.4 billion), comprising 2200 MWe nuclear, 425 MWe gas combined cycle, and 969 MWe hydro. These are designed to reduce the high reliance on oil and to reduce power costs. All depend on Chinese support.

Electricity infrastructure is a significant part of the $51 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) projects from 2016 which will link Kashgar in China’s Xinjiang region to Pakistan’s deep-water port of Gwadar on the Arabian Sea.

The CPEC includes roads and railways running much of the length of Pakistan and funded by three Chinese banks, and a 4000 MW HVDC grid development costing $1.5 billion over 2017-18. Some $33 billion of the CPEC total is for energy infrastructure, notably 10 GWe of generating capacity by 2020, mostly coal-fired, which is expected to provide 24% of the country’s power by 2020. Lignite is the main fuel envisaged, from the Thar Desert region of Sindh.

CPEC projects are a significant element in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and are unprecedented in scale in Pakistan.

In 2005 the Energy Security Plan was adopted by the government, which called for a huge increase in generating capacity to more than 160 GWe by 2030. Significant power shortages are reported, and load shedding is common.

TABLE 5: STATUS AND PERFORMANCE OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Reactor Unit	Type	Net Capacity [MW(e)]	Status	Operator	Reactor Supplier	Construction Date	First Criticality Date	First Grid Date	Commercial Date	Shutdown Date	UCF for 2021
CHASNUPP-1	PWR	300	Operational	PAEC	CNNC	8/1/1993	5/3/2000	6/13/2000	9/15/2000	85.9
CHASNUPP-2	PWR	300	Operational	PAEC	CNNC	12/28/2005	2/22/2011	3/14/2011	5/18/2011	98.4
CHASNUPP-3	PWR	315	Operational	PAEC	CNNC	5/28/2011	8/1/2016	10/15/2016	12/6/2016	99.2
CHASNUPP-4	PWR	313	Operational	PAEC	CNNC	12/18/2011	3/15/2017	6/25/2017	9/19/2017	84.4
KANUPP-2	PWR	1014	Operational	PAEC	CZEC	8/20/2015	2/28/2021	3/18/2021	5/21/2021	98.6
KANUPP-3	PWR	1014	Operational	PAEC	CZEC	5/31/2016	2/21/2022	3/4/2022	4/18/2022	0.0
KANUPP-1	PHWR	90	Permanent Shutdown	PAEC	CGE	8/1/1966	8/1/1971	10/18/1971	12/7/1972	8/1/2021	30.7

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Note
CHASNUPP - 5 , 1200 MW , under construction as of September, 2024..

 

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1965:
Press Photo Nuclear reactor of American Machine & Foundry Co. in Islamabad

 

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Nuclear policy

An expansion of nuclear capacity has long been a central element of Pakistan's energy policy.

The 2005 Energy Security Plan included the intention of lifting nuclear capacity to 8800 MWe in the long term, 900 MWe of this by 2015 and a further 1500 MWe by 2020. Projections included four further Chinese reactors of 300 MWe each and seven of 1000 MWe, all PWR. There were tentative plans for China to build two 1000 MWe PWR units at Karachi as KANUPP 2&3, but China then in 2007 deferred development of its CNP-1000 type which would have been the only one of that size able to be exported. Pakistan then turned its attention to building smaller units with higher local content. However, in 2013 China revived its 1000 MWe designs with export intent, and made overtures to Pakistan for the ACP1000 design, which became Hualong One – see below.

In August 2011 it was reported that Pakistan aimed for 8000 MWe nuclear at ten sites by 2030. PAEC has apparently selected six new sites on the basis of Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) advice. These are the Qadirabad-Bulloki (QB) link canal near Qadirabad Headworks; Dera Ghazi Khan canal near Taunsa Barrage; Taunsa-Panjnad canal near Multan; Nara canal near Sukkur; Pat Feeder canal near Guddu; and Kabul River near Nowshera. Early in 2012 Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) said that four reactors were planned for the Taunsa-Panjnad canal near Multan in Punjab.

In January 2014 PAEC announced its intention to build five further 1100 MWe nuclear plants to meet anticipated electricity demand, and have 8.9 GWe of nuclear capacity online by 2030. "With more than 55 reactor-years of successful operating experience to its credit, the PAEC can confidently move from technology acquisition status to actually starting contributing sizable electrical energy to the system

" PAEC was then quoted as saying that eight sites would be chosen for a further 32 units, four 1100 MWe units at each, so that nuclear power supplied one-quarter of the country’s electricity from 40 GWe of capacity.

This evidently assumes a more than tenfold increase in electricity demand by a future date well beyond 2030.

PAEC said an initial 1100 MWe plant would be built at Muzaffargarh, on the Taunsa-Panjnad canal near Multan in southwest Punjab. It was also reported that discussions with China were under way to supply three nuclear power units for about $13 billion.

 

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Chashma Nuclear Power Plants Complex.