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[🇵🇰-Land] Pakistan Army: Can Israeli model of short service and then performance based selection be applied to Pakistan military?

Can Israeli model of a short period of service in military and then performance based selection of a percentage of original recruits for further service be applied to Pakistan military?

It can result in savings of huge amount of pension funds.

Whether yes or no, elaborate with reasons and analyses.
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World Trump Demands ‘Commitment’ From BRICS on Using US Dollar

(Bloomberg) -- US President-elect Donald Trump warned the so-called BRICS nations that he would require commitments that they would not move to create a new currency as an alternative to using the US dollar and repeated threats to levy a 100% tariff.

“The idea that the BRICS Countries are trying to move away from the dollar while we stand by and watch is OVER,” Trump said in a post to his Truth Social network on Saturday.

“We require a commitment from these Countries that they will neither create a new BRICS Currency, nor back any other Currency to replace the mighty U.S. Dollar or, they will face 100% Tariffs, and should expect to say goodbye to selling into the wonderful U.S. Economy,” he added.

Trump on his campaign trail pledged that he would make it costly for countries to move away from the US dollar. And he’s threatened to use tariffs to ensure they complied. Saturday’s threat took on new relevance as the president-elect prepares to retake power in January.


BRICS Summit Hosted In Johannesburg

BRICS Summit Hosted In Johannesburg© Photographer: Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images Europe

Trump and his economic advisers have been discussing ways to punish allies and adversaries alike who seek to engage in bilateral trade in currencies other than the dollar. The measures include considering options such as export controls, currency manipulation charges and levies on trade, Bloomberg News reported in April.

Trump has long stressed that he wants the US dollar to remain the world’s reserve currency, saying in a March interview with CNBC that he “would not allow countries to go off the dollar” because it would be “a hit to our country.”

The president-elect’s warning against the BRICS nations suggests “how confused the incoming administration is about the global trade and capital system,” according to Michael Pettis, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

“The US cannot both reduce its trade deficit and increase the global dominance of USD because these impose diametrically opposed conditions,” Pettis said on his X account.

The BRICS group of emerging-market nations — the acronym stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa — expanded this year to include Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia and Egypt. It discussed the issue of de-dollarization at a summit in 2023. Backlash against the dollar’s dominance gained traction in 2022 when the US led efforts to impose economic sanctions on Russia.

While some potential dollar rivals such as the Chinese yuan have already made inroads, that has often happened at the expense of currencies other than the dollar.

Despite the group’s rhetoric, the infrastructure that backs the dollar, such as the cross-border payment system, will likely give the US currency a decisive edge for decades to come.

Evidence of this emerged during the bloc’s October meeting in Kazan hosted by Russian President Vladimir Putin, a champion of reducing the international role of the dollar. Organizers for the meeting encouraged attendees to bring US dollars or euros with them as non-Russian Mastercard or Visa cards don’t work in the country.

Economic advisers to Trump and his campaign have spoken in particular about targeting the BRICS effort.

“There is no chance that the BRICS will replace the U.S. Dollar in International Trade, and any Country that tries should wave goodbye to America,” Trump said Saturday.

The president-elect has already rattled world markets ahead of his second term with threats to levy an additional 10% tariffs on goods from China and 25% tariffs on all products from Mexico and Canada if those countries do not do more to stem the flow of illegal drugs and undocumented migrants across US borders.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau met with Trump on Friday to discuss trade and border issues in a bid to tamp down tensions between the two allied nations after the tariff threat.

But other nations may consider ways to mitigate the Trump tariffs on their economies. China could allow its yuan to depreciate by as much as 10-15% in response to any trade war unleashed by Trump, according to JPMorgan Chase & Co. The bank sees a 5% average depreciation in emerging-market currencies over the first half of 2025.

--With assistance from Harry Suhartono, Trista Xinyi Luo and Philip Glamann.
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South Asia India banned a Chinese app four years ago. Government agencies are still using it

CamScanner was one of 59 Chinese apps the Indian government banned in 2020, amid a border conflict with China.

Rest of World found 30 documents from central and state government agencies that bear the “Scanned with CamScanner” watermark.
App bans make a loud political statement, but, in practice, they are difficult to enforce, experts say.
In October, a popular YouTuber tweeted out a document issued by the Election Commission of India that had been scanned using CamScanner, a Chinese document-scanning app.

CamScanner has been banned in India since June 2020, when the government blocked 59 Chinese apps amid a border conflict with China. The government stated at the time that these apps were “prejudicial to sovereignty and integrity of India, defense of India, security of state and public order.”

The Election Commission is not the only Indian government-adjacent entity still using this banned scanning app. Rest of World found 30 other instances of documents uploaded by government departments and ministries that were scanned with CamScanner since the app was banned more than four years ago. The documents were easily identified because they bore the watermark “Scanned with CamScanner.”

“The fact is that app blocking is never foolproof.”

Rest of World found that in India’s revenue department and the state governments of Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, and West Bengal officials have repeatedly used CamScanner over the past four years. Officials in the Jammu and Kashmir region have also used CamScanner several times since the ban. In 2021, Delhi police were called out on social media for using CamScanner and apologized for “inadvertently” using the app — but Rest of World found multiple documents that appear to have been scanned with the app in the years after. The Delhi police, revenue department, and state governments did not respond to requests for comment.

The government’s ban prevented new downloads, but those who already had CamScanner on their phones were likely able to continue using it, Deepanker Verma, a software developer and security researcher, told Rest of World. CamScanner, originally launched in 2011, reportedly had more than 100 million downloads in India before the ban.
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[🇮🇳] France offers tech to make India Navy's submarines almost invisible in Indian Ocean Region

France offers tech to make India Navy's submarines almost invisible in Indian Ocean Region​

France has offered advanced pumpjet propulsion technology for India's Project 66 and Project 77 submarines, enhancing stealth, maneuverability, and operational effectiveness, strengthening India's underwater capabilities in the Indo-Pacific region

The Week News Desk By The Week News Desk Updated: November 26, 2024 13:05 IST

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In what may come as a major enhancement to the stealth capabilities of the Indian Navy's submarine programmes, an advanced pumpjet propulsion technology has been offered by France for the planned next-generation diesel-electric attack submarines, known as Project 66, and Project 77, which is the initiative to acquire nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs).

The pumpset propulsion technology, a sophisticated alternative to traditional propeller systems, is already operational in the French Barracuda-class submarine. The technology significantly decreases the acoustic signature of submarines, allowing for quieter operations and improved stealth capabilities. If the deal goes through, the submarines of India may become some of the quietest in the Indian Ocean Region, offering a major advantage for the Indian Navy in underwater warfare.

READ MORE: Did Indian Navy quietly launch its fourth nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine?

Stealth is of extreme importance to submarines operating in hostile waters.

Apart from helping minimize the noise produced during operation, this cutting-edge tech will also offer enhanced maneuverability to submarines, giving them an added edge while navigating complex waters.

“In a comparison between two otherwise identical submarines, the one with the pumpjet will always have a lower dived endurance, a lower dived range, a worse indiscretion ratio, a lower overall endurance, and a lower overall range, than the one with a propeller. This will confer a substantial tactical and strategic advantage on the conventionally-propelled submarine in a very broad range of operational scenarios," a report titled 'Australia’s Future Submarine: Getting this Key Capability Right' read.

ALSO READ: India's Rs 40,000 crore nuclear submarine plans set to significantly boost Navy's fighting powers

The adoption of this technology will help India's operational effectiveness of its submarine fleet, making it a formidable power in the Indo-Pacific region. France's willingness to offer this advanced technology to India demonstrates the growing defence ties between the two countries, which also involves joint military exercises across air, sea, and land domains and co-design, co-development, and co-production of military hardware.




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Arab Re-election of Trump and its impact on Middle East.

Trump II and the Middle East
As‘ad AbuKhalil 01 December, 2024, 00:00

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Donald Trump at a meeting on the Middle East Strategic Alliance in New York in September 2019. | White House/Shealah Craighead

IT IS too early to draw an outline of the Middle East policy of the incoming Trump administration. The cabinet and other senior positions are shaping up, while Democrats are doing their best to badger Arab-Americans for their vote against the Democratic Party.

We can draw on a variety of factors to understand the general direction of Donald Trump’s Mideast policies.

Will Jared Kushner play a role in the new administration? Trump viewed his son-in-law as an in-house Middle East expert not because of his academic credentials or his experience in the region, but purely because of his fanatical attachment to the Likud agenda.

Even if Kushner does not have a formal role in the White House he could, by virtue of his proximity to the president, override decisions by the State Department or other agencies if he deemed them unfavourable to Israeli interests.

But that probably wouldn’t be necessary as Trump is appointing people beholden to AIPAC’s agenda and who in some cases are even more extreme than AIPAC. Some of them are much closer to the West Bank criminal settler movement.

Kushner is likely to play a role because his Abraham Accords are considered by some Democrats (such as New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman) as a great achievement and an example of success by the Trump administration. In fact, political and military developments in the Middle East since October 7 all refute the premise of the Abraham Accords that basically dismissed the political salience of the Palestinian question.

The Kushner plan was predicated on the notion that the Palestinian cause will go away if we ignore it and if we secure peace treaties between Israel and Arab despots. The two most influential Middle East leaders (the despot of Saudi Arabia and the despot of the United Arab Emirates) are very close to Kushner and the two countries, along with Qatar, have contributed generously to his business ventures solely because of his proximity to his father-in-law.

Since Trump’s management of policy is eccentric at best (or informal and unprofessional) it is not unreasonable to consider the possibility of a political role for Massad Boulos, the father of Trump’s other son-in-law, Michael Boulos. Massad has been talking with the president-elect on Middle East policy matters and Trump appointed him as his point man for outreach with the Arab and Muslim American community during the election.

His efforts bore fruit as many Arab Americans in Michigan were persuaded by Boulos that Trump is serious about ending the on-going wars in the Middle East. There’s even a Middle East restaurant owner of Lebanese origin in Dearborn who swore that the president-elect pledged to end the Israeli war on Lebanon.

If Boulos were to play a role on Middle East policy it is likely that he will clash with Kushner over different visions of the Middle East and the U.S. role. Which in-law will Trump favour? In the 2024 election campaign, Boulos seemed to have had a bigger role than Kushner.

Arab hopes and second-term presidents

IN THE Middle East in particular there’s always been illusory hopes that in a second term an American president will be kinder to the Arabs because they are free of the AIPAC yoke.

Some Arabs still believe that the Mossad killed President John F. Kennedy (although there is no evidence of that whatsoever) in order to prevent him from restoring justice to the Palestinians.

Arabs also believed that Richard Nixon, the staunch Zionist who gave Israel all it wanted and more in the 1973 war, was planning to help Arabs in his second term and that Watergate was a Mossad conspiracy to foil his Middle East plans.

The same hopes were pinned on Ronald Reagan, whose second term was as bad as the first when it came to the Middle East.

Bill Clinton in his second term actually betrayed the Palestinians more than he did in his first, especially in the infamous Camp David meeting toward the end of his second term, when he lied to the Palestinian people, pledging that he would not fault the Palestinian Authority’s Yasser Arafat if the talks failed. He then rushed to blame Arafat when they did.

To be sure, Trump is not a regular politician and doesn’t operate according to the norms. But the same constraints are placed on him, if not more than usual.

Talk of a deep state

TRUMP and his advisors talk of the Deep State in reference to the permanent national security state regardless of change in the White House. Former president Barack Obama and Trump both tried to withdraw US troops from Afghanistan and President Joe Biden finally achieved that goal with a lot of controversy and objections by the press, which is largely a guardian of the national security state.

Trump will also likely operate from grudges he’s held since his first term. How will Trump balance the debt he owes Miriam Adelson and his resentment against Benjamin Netanyahu who rushed to congratulate Joe Biden when Trump was still contesting the results of the 2020 election?

Trump has publicly criticised Netanyahu, and he seems resentful that not only Israelis, but also American Jews have not appreciated him enough for all he did for Israel in his first term. He spoke glowingly about Mahmoud Abbas and about his desire for peace — a jab at the Israeli government.

Trump’s aims for the region

HERE is what Trump likely wants to accomplish in the Middle East in his second term:

The profit motive will remain primary in his second term as it was in his first. He wants oil and gas puppets in the Middle East to spend lavishly on US arms and other goods. Those despotic puppets won’t disappoint and don’t demand an exorbitant political payment from the White House outside of military support and looking the other way on democracy and human rights. The Saudi government may, however, out of self-interest, demand increased security guarantees from the US in return for normalisation with Israel.

As Trump won praise for the Abraham Accords, he may invest in their perpetuation and expansion to new members, especially Saudi Arabia, but also others including Lebanon. Obviously Lebanon is the least likely candidate given the solid military opposition to peace with Israel within a large segment of the population.

Liberals and conservatives alike are still convinced even after a year of Israeli genocide, that peace with Arab despots is sufficient to provide stability for the region (which translates as stability for U.S. interests in the region). But Trump will face a hurdle in attempting to bring Saudi Arabia into the Abraham Accords; the Saudi public remains staunchly supportive of Palestinian political rights. And the horrific scenes spread throughout Middle East media of Israeli slaughter of Palestinians, Lebanese, Yemenis and Iraqis have only deepened Arab public detestation of Zionism and its crimes.

But Saudi Arabia is willing — for a price — to lower its political requirements for peace with Israel; and recently the Saudi foreign minister indicated that the government no longer demands the establishment of a Palestinian state as a precondition for peace with Israel but merely a declaration of a pathway to a Palestinian state, i.e. a verbal declaration of sorts to assuage the Saudi public.

he appointment of several staunch Zionists to the new administration could lead to an increase in political concessions from Trump to Israel, adding to those he served them during his first term. U.S. recognition of West Bank annexation appears plausible, though it’s debated within Israel because it would expose the state’s blatant apartheid. The regional and international backlash this would provoke could also disrupt expansion of the Abraham Accords.

It is less likely that Trump will initiate a war in the Middle East as his appetite for war appears far less than that of the Biden-Harris administration. This does not mean, however. that Trump will not support and arm any existing or new Israeli war against Arabs or Iran.

Trump may engage in negotiations with Iran to reach an agreement on its nuclear program. The meeting between Elon Musk and Iranian diplomats in New York (if it happened as Iran has denied it) likely had Trump’s approval. In contrast, Biden wasted four years without pursuing dialogue with Iran, despite the Democratic Party’s backing of the 2015 nuclear agreement. Trump appears less constrained by Washington’s political establishment than Biden, who has consistently aligned with the war-focused Washington agenda. This highlights Trump’s willingness to explore unorthodox diplomatic paths.

We don’t really know what to expect from Trump in his second term. Will he feel emboldened by his decisive victory to distance himself from the agenda of war and aggression of the Deep State or will he continue on the predictable path of hostility to Iran and unconditional support for Israeli aggression?

Trump will inherit dangerous regional conflicts from the Biden administration. Biden has taken the world closer to nuclear war than any previous time since the Cuban Missile Crisis. There will be political rewards for Trump if he were to achieve peace between Russia and Ukraine and to end Israel’s wars in the Middle East. But peace is still a dirty word in both the Democratic and Republican parties’ lexicon.

Consortiumnews.com, November 30. As‘ad AbuKhalil is a Lebanese-American professor of political science at California State University, Stanislaus.​
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[🇮🇳] Indian Railways News and Discussion.

Indian Railways’ first bullet train, with 250 kmph average speed & Kavach 5.0, is being made in India - check details​

Story by TOI Business Desk
• 22h • 2 min read

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Indian Railways’ first bullet train, with 250 kmph average speed & Kavach 5.0, is being made in India - check details

Indian Railways’ first bullet train, with 250 kmph average speed & Kavach 5.0, is being made in India - check details
Indian Railways picks speed on bullet train manufacturing! India is advancing towards domestic manufacturing of bullet trains and associated signalling systems for future standard gauge high-speed corridors, according to senior government officials. The implementation of significant infrastructure projects, including the bullet train initiative, is expected to accelerate in Maharashtra following recent election results.


The planned indigenous high-speed trains will be developed from the current Vande Bharat platform. The signalling systems for these corridors will facilitate the development of Kavach 5.0, representing the most sophisticated automatic train protection technology.

"Work on the bullet train corridor in Maharashtra picked up pace after the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government took charge. Entire land acquisition is complete and over 320-kilometres of the physical infrastructure work is ready," the official said.

Also Read | High-speed 280 kmph trains soon! Indian Railways to manufacture bullet trains - check top features

Regarding future high-speed corridors, the official told ET that insights from the Mumbai-Ahmedabad High Speed Rail (MAHSR) project will be valuable. "India is now capable to single-handedly take up this project in more corridors. We should have our own trains in future corridors as well," he said.


Related video: Russia Eyes Major Deal With India; Set To Collaborate On Train Manufacturing | (Hindustan Times)


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"India wants to become fully capable of making bullet trains that can touch speeds of up to 280 kilometres per hour (kmph) and average at 250 kmph operational speed," a second official said.

Regarding India's indigenous bullet train development strategy, the second official explained, "There will be incremental improvement in Bogies (suspension systems). But power train and body will require significant development. They will take around three years to be ready."

Addressing questions about the future of Shinkansen suppliers, the second official clarified, "We do not want to stop Japanese collaboration. Negotiation is ongoing regarding the supply deal for these modern trains that will run on the MAHSR corridor."

Also Read | Linking Leh with Pangong! New Rs 6,000 crore twin tube tunnel project in works; details here

The Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) manifesto included plans to initiate feasibility studies for Bullet Train Corridors across North, South and East India.


The MAHSR corridor's civil works are 50% complete. The Railway Board has commissioned Integral Coach Factory (ICF) to produce bullet trains capable of 280 kmph speeds. BEML has been engaged by the railway production unit to manufacture these trains for Rs 866.87 crore.

BEML has set the price at Rs 27.86 crore per coach. The contract value includes design expenses, development costs, non-recurring charges, and expenditure for jigs, fixtures, tooling and testing facilities.


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Vande Bharat sleeper train update: Rs 54000 crore contract! India inks deals with this country for 1920 sleeper coaches; production to begin...

India.com
India.com·15h
Vande Bharat sleeper train update: Rs 54000 crore contract! India inks deals with this country for 1920 sleeper coaches; production to begin...

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Military Ballistic vs Cruise missiles: Major differences and which is more dangerous? Understanding their threat levels and capability

Ballistic vs Cruise missiles: Major differences and which is more dangerous? Understanding their threat levels and capabilities​

Story by support@india.com (India.com News Desk)
• 2h • 3 min read

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Ballistic vs Cruise missiles: Major differences and which is more dangerous? Understanding their threat levels and capabilities

Ballistic vs Cruise missiles: Major differences and which is more dangerous? Understanding their threat levels and capabilities© Analiza Pathak
Russia's Oreshonik missile strike on Ukraine has shocked the entire world. The Oreshonik is a medium-range ballistic missile, and this marks the first time Russia has used this missile in a combat zone. Even a week after the attack, the missile continues to be a hot topic of discussion. Many experts have begun comparing the Russian Oreshonik missile with the ballistic and cruise missiles present in Western arsenals. This raises the question: what are the differences between ballistic and cruise missiles, and how do they differ from each other?

About ballistic missile​

A Ballistic Missile (BM) is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver a warhead to its target. These missiles ascend tens of kilometers into the atmosphere before descending toward their target, utilizing the force of gravity. Short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) typically remain within Earth's atmosphere, while most long-range missiles travel outside the atmosphere. The most advanced type of ballistic missile is the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), capable of traveling across continents and, in some cases, completing an orbital flight.

Ballistic missiles generally have three main flight phases:

  • Boost Phase: The missile's rocket motors fire, propelling it upward.
  • Midcourse Phase: Begins when the rocket motor stops firing, and the missile's payload starts traveling toward its target in a free-fall trajectory.
  • Terminal Phase: The payload makes its final descent toward the target.
Some advanced ballistic missiles feature an additional Post-Boost Phase, during which onboard Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) alter their trajectories to evade enemy air defenses and enhance strike effectiveness.


Related video: Military experts decode why K-4 ballistic missile is important for India (India Today)


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About cruise missiles​

Cruise Missiles are jet-engine-powered weapons that remain within the atmosphere throughout their flight. They typically fly at extremely low altitudes, often just a few meters above the surface. This low-altitude flight helps evade enemy radar detection, making them stealthy and effective. Cruise missiles are designed for precision strikes against land and sea-based targets. If equipped with a nuclear warhead, they can target large areas or entire carrier strike groups, as seen with Russia's P-800 Oniks. Conventional cruise missiles, on the other hand, are calibrated for precision attacks on smaller targets like buildings or bunkers.

Cruise missiles can alter their paths to reach targets, using advanced navigation systems such as:

  • GPS
  • Inertial guidance
  • Terrain mapping
  • Other guidance technologies.Some advanced models even allow manual guidance by human operators during the terminal phase.

Advantages and disadvantages of Cruise Missiles​

Advantages:

  • Cost-Effective: They are much cheaper than ballistic missiles, often costing only 15% of a typical tactical ballistic missile.
  • Stealth: Their low-altitude flight makes them harder to detect.
  • Accuracy: Cruise missiles are highly precise, capable of striking designated targets with minimal collateral damage.
Disadvantages:

Limited Payload: Unless equipped with nuclear warheads, their destructive capacity is generally lower.
  • Range Limitations: Cruise missiles typically carry smaller payloads, with the largest being 1,362 kg (e.g., the U.S. AGM-86 ALCM), while most average around 500 kg.
Cruise missiles remain a versatile and strategic weapon in modern military arsenals, balancing precision, stealth, and cost.

Why are ballistic missiles dangerous?​

Ballistic missiles are considered highly dangerous due to their unique characteristics and capabilities, despite generally being less accurate than cruise missiles. While cruise missiles can strike targets with meter-level precision, ballistic missiles may miss targets by tens or even hundreds of meters. However, they compensate for this with several advantages:



  • Massive Payload Capacity: Ballistic missiles can carry significantly larger payloads compared to cruise missiles. For instance, Russia's RS-28 Sarmat boasts a payload capacity of 10,000 kilograms, enabling it to deliver devastating destruction.
  • Incredible Speed: Ballistic missiles follow an arcing trajectory, allowing them to accelerate to hypersonic speeds, making them extremely difficult to intercept. In contrast, cruise missiles generally operate at subsonic or supersonic speeds, which are easier to track and counter.
  • Kinetic Energy Impact: The high speeds at which ballistic missiles descend amplify the kinetic energy of their payload, resulting in greater destruction upon impact, even without explosive warheads.
  • Range and Versatility: Ballistic missiles can travel vast distances, with some, like Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs), capable of reaching targets across continents.
These features make ballistic missiles a formidable weapon, especially in the context of strategic and large-scale military operations. Their combination of speed, range, and destructive capacity makes them a critical concern in global security discussions.
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[🇮🇳] News and Discussion: India's K-SERIES Missile Family: India Tests K-4 Missile from INS Arighaat; Check the Range.

India Tests K-4 Missile from INS Arighaat; Check the Range?​

Story by Vidhee Tripathi
• 19h • 2 min read

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India Tests K-4 Missile from INS Arighaat; Check the Range?

India Tests K-4 Missile from INS Arighaat; Check the Range?
India's nuclear-capable K-4 submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) was reportedly successfully tested from the newly commissioned nuclear-powered submarine INS Arighaat. The test was carried out in the Bay of Bengal on Wednesday morning off the coast of Visakhapatnam.

With a 3,500-kilometer striking range and solid fuel, the K-4 missile was fired from the 6,000-ton submarine.

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K4 Missile Launched from INS Arighaat

Although the test has not been officially confirmed, sources close to the situation told to media sources confirmed that the K-4 missile was fired during the drill.

As per the media sources, the missile test was carried out by INS Arighaat, which was put into service on August 29. This launch from a fully functional submarine marks a significant milestone for India's naval capabilities, as the K-4 missile had previously only been tested from underwater pontoons.

Public Warning Issued Before the Launch

According to insiders who spoke to the media, the test findings will be closely examined to ascertain whether the missile accomplished its intended requirements. India had previously announced a public area warning and notice to airmen (NOTAM) for an intermediate-range missile test in the Bay of Bengal between November 27 and 30. The missile launch followed that announcement. India conducted this missile test in order to strengthen its strategic defense posture.


Related video: India tests nuclear-capable ballistic missile from INS Arighaat: Sources (India Today)



Significance of INS Arighaat

India's second nuclear-powered submarine, INS Arighaat, greatly enhances the nation's nuclear deterrence. The submarine may carry nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles, or SSBNs as they are known in the navy. The more sophisticated K-4 missiles, which have a strike range of 3,500 km, can be carried by INS Arighaat in contrast to India's first SSBN, INS Arihant, which is equipped with K-15 missiles with a 750 km range.


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Satellite Images Reveal North Korea's Missile Plant Expansion for Russian Use

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