[🇧🇩] Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry in Bangladesh

[Saif]

Pakistan wants to import medicine from Bangladesh

Pakistan has shown its keenness to import medicine from Bangladesh...

www.newagebd.net

Pakistan wants to import medicine from Bangladesh
United News of Bangladesh . Dhaka 15 December, 2024, 17:24

Pakistan high commissioner to Bangladesh Syed Ahmed Maroof calls on health adviser Nurjahan Begum at her office in Dhaka on Sunday. | UNB Photo

Pakistan has shown its keenness to import medicine from Bangladesh.

Pakistan high commissioner to Bangladesh Syed Ahmed Maroof expressed the interest when he called on health adviser Nurjahan Begum at her office on Sunday.

Bangladesh had made significant progress in the pharmaceutical sector, and Pakistan was interested in importing medicines from Bangladesh, said Maroof.

Healthcare, trade, and overall cooperation between the two countries came for discussion during the meeting.​

 

[Saif]

Sergel nearing Tk 1,000cr annual sales

Sergel is heading towards generating Tk 1,000 crore in annual sales as over Tk 900 crore worth of the gastrological medicine was sold in the first nine months of this year, according to information technology company IMS Health.

www.thedailystar.net

Sergel nearing Tk 1,000cr annual sales

Sergel is heading towards generating Tk 1,000 crore in annual sales as over Tk 900 crore worth of the gastrological medicine was sold in the first nine months of this year, according to information technology company IMS Health.

This is one of the largest selling products in the country.

Md Halimuzzaman, CEO of Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Ltd, said he was proud of this single brand of the company reaching such high sales, although it had not reached Tk 1,000 crore yet.

Since the customer base is high, the sales growth now appears low compared to previous years but there is potential for further growth, he said.

The second and third-highest selling medicine brands are also from the same gastrological generic. Sales of Maxpro and Pantonix have reached Tk 486 crore and Tk 376 crore respectively.

In the pharmaceuticals market, the market share of gastrologic products is the highest and Sergel has earned the highest market share over the years for its acceptance among doctors and patients, said Halimuzzaman.

Among the 10 top-selling drug brands, five are gastrological medicines.

Sergel holds a 2.67 percent market share, with sales worth Tk 918 crore in the nine-month period.

Maxpro holds a 1.41 percent market share and the market share of Pantonix is 1.10 percent, the data showed.

Apart from Sergel, some other brands have become popular over the years, said Halimuzzaman.

The fourth-highest selling drug in the nine months period was Napa, with sales reaching Tk 338 crore.

Sales of Cef-3, Monas, Exium, Seclo and Bizoran are also above Tk 200 crore.

Almost all the drug companies have their own brands of these drugs, which bear the same molecular formula, but some gained popularity on gaining people's confidence. And this confidence passes from person to person, he said.

There are 31 generic drugs that sell for over Tk 100 crore. The data showed that sales of 79 generic medicine were above Tk 50 crore.

The data indicates that although the sales of individual brands of products of some companies may not be high, but the brand value of the companies themselves ensures high sales of all their medicines.

Jubayer Alam, company secretary of Renata PLC, said most people over 18 years of age take gastrological medicine as there is no discipline when it comes to food intake and habits.

Due to this, many people suffer from ailments affecting the digestive system, he said.

Demand is growing for rosuvastatin drugs, which lowers cholesterol, as many people are dying of heart attacks, he added.

Even in developed countries, demand for such medicine is growing, so it also may see a good growth in the country, he added.

"We are really happy that we can serve a huge number of patients to overcome ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease and hyperacidity related problems with Maxpro," Alam said.

"All Maxpro formulations are manufactured in USFDA, UKMHRA and Anvisa approved facilities so that patients get the best esomeprazole of the country," he added.​

 

[Saif]

It's time to switch to generic prescriptions

The pharmaceutical sector of Bangladesh has achieved quite a success in terms of quality and overseas market penetration. The country exports medicines to over 150 countries with several of the over 250 functional drug manufacturers sending their products even to highly regulated markets like the U

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

It's time to switch to generic prescriptions
Shiabur Rahman
Published :
Jan 09, 2025 22:30
Updated :
Jan 09, 2025 22:30

The pharmaceutical sector of Bangladesh has achieved quite a success in terms of quality and overseas market penetration. The country exports medicines to over 150 countries with several of the over 250 functional drug manufacturers sending their products even to highly regulated markets like the USA. The local people, however, cannot enjoy the full benefit of the advancement because of the policy constraints that fail to make doctors prescribe medications by their generic names.

The reluctance of doctors to write the generic names of drugs keeps the patients vulnerable to doctors' discretion to prescribe medications by the brand names they wish. This practice raises concerns about affordability, transparency, and accessibility in a country where a significant portion of the population is poor.

Several interrelated factors are responsible for doctors' reluctance to prescribe medications by their generic names with a few of them being pharmaceutical marketing influence, perceived quality concerns, habitual practices, and lack of awareness among patients.

The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is highly competitive, with companies competing with each other to draw doctors' attention. Aggressive marketing campaigns, promotional gifts, sponsored trips, and financial incentives are responsible for prescribing some branded medicines. It is very obvious that the doctors who take benefit from any pharmaceutical brand will feel compelled, consciously or unconsciously, to support them, sidelining the use of generics.

Doctors in Bangladesh always stand against the provision of prescribing drugs by their generic names. They argue that if the doctors are compelled to mention only the generic names of medicines, drugstores will decide which brand they will sell to patients, making users vulnerable to low quality medicines, as most citizens are not educated enough to know the difference. It is a misconception. Generic drugs contain the same active ingredients as their branded counterparts and are subject to rigorous quality control measures, particularly bioequivalence tests. Through bioequivalence, the generic drug's biomass and concentration level in blood plasma are compared to the originally researched drugs, and if the results are found to be similar or the difference is within a permissible limit, it is considered to be a bioequivalent tested drug.

Pharmaceutical companies conduct bioequivalence tests on the drugs they export as the regulatory authorities in most of the destination markets have made such tests mandatory, but they usually do not conduct the test on the medicines they sell in the local market. The country's resource constraints act as a deterrent to bioequivalence tests of drugs. Currently there are only two-three institutions in the country which can conduct such tests and the test of a single drug costs around Tk2.0 million. But why does Bangladesh not begin working on the expansion of the facilities to ensure that the tests are more accessible and affordable for the drug manufacturers?

Medical education in Bangladesh puts little emphasis on generic prescription. The medical curriculum here emphasises branded medications, making doctors accustomed to using brand names during their studies and continuing the practice in their professional lives. A lack of awareness among patients also contributes to promotion of the prescription of brand drugs. Patients often trust doctors to make the best decisions for their health and may not question the prescribed brands. This reduces pressure on doctors to prioritise generic options.

Switching to prescriptions based on generic names is not just a matter of convenience; it is a necessity for building a fair and equitable healthcare system in Bangladesh. Such prescription can significantly lower the cost of medicine for patients, which is critically important for a country where a large segment of the population lives below the poverty line. Branded medications are not available everywhere, particularly in remote or rural areas. Prescription of generics ensures that patients have the flexibility to choose from multiple manufacturers. The practice will eliminate doubts about conflicts of interest between doctors and pharmaceutical companies. It fosters greater trust in the healthcare system by prioritising patients' welfare over corporate profits.

Shifting to prescriptions based on generic names could transform the healthcare landscape in Bangladesh. Almost all developed nations and many developing countries like India have switched to such a prescription method. It is high time for Bangladesh to follow suit.​

 

[Saif]

Drugmakers hiring cross-discipline grads amid biomedicine expansion

Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by young talent and innovation, according to pharmaceutical professionals. .The industry is shifting from chemical-based medicines to biomedicines, offering fresh graduates unique opportunities to shap

www.thedailystar.net

Drugmakers hiring cross-discipline grads amid biomedicine expansion

Bangladesh's pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by young talent and innovation, according to pharmaceutical professionals.

The industry is shifting from chemical-based medicines to biomedicines, offering fresh graduates unique opportunities to shape the country's future as a global contributor to the pharmaceutical sector, they said.

By fostering research, innovation, and cross-disciplinary roles, the pharmaceutical industry is creating meaningful employment for a generation eager to devote their talent, they stated.

The pharmacists also said the sector now embraces a diverse pool of talent from fields such as biotechnology, genetic engineering, biochemistry, and chemical engineering, challenging the long-held perception that pharmacy graduates dominate these roles.

For example, biochemists are finding opportunities in business development for regulated markets, while pharmacists are being trained to manage intellectual property for pharmaceutical innovations.

The shift toward advanced manufacturing and complex product formulation has further diversified career paths.

Roles such as quality assurance executives, regulatory affairs specialists, and analytical scientists have emerged to meet the demands of stringent global standards.

Several leading companies, including Square Pharmaceuticals PLC, Incepta Pharmaceuticals, Aristopharma, ACI HealthCare Ltd, Globe Biotech, Beacon Pharmaceuticals PLC, and Ziska Pharmaceuticals, are investing heavily in biologics, signalling significant growth in this area.

Biomedicine, which focuses on treatments derived from biological sources, has become a central focus for these companies.

"There are vast opportunities for young graduates in pharmacy, biotechnology, biochemistry, and related disciplines," said M Mohibuz Zaman, managing director and chief executive director of ACI HealthCare Ltd.

"They can contribute across production, quality control, research, and marketing departments in pharmaceutical companies," he said.

Zaman added that expertise in pharmacy is essential across all fields of the pharmaceutical industry, noting, "The future for quality young pharmacists is bright, both at home and abroad."

By channelling their passion into industries like pharmaceuticals, Bangladesh can build a robust economy driven by innovation and self-reliance, he stated.

According to Zaman, as young Bangladeshis rise to meet these opportunities, the country is poised to become a global pharmaceutical powerhouse, showcasing the power of youth-led progress.

"Over the last 20 years, the pharmaceutical sector has grown tenfold, significantly expanding job opportunities for fresh graduates in pharmacy, biotechnology, and related disciplines," said Md Mizanur Rahman, general manager of Incepta Pharmaceuticals.

However, two decades ago, pharmacy and related fields were not widely pursued due to limited opportunities, he noted.

Rahman explained that these disciplines have now become a top choice for students, driven by the sector's immense growth and demand for skilled professionals.

This surge in the pharmaceutical market has created diverse career paths for fresh graduates, spanning supply chain management, regulatory affairs, technical services, marketing, and training within pharmaceutical companies.

He emphasised that as the market continues to expand, so does the need for trained professionals to support the industry's dynamic growth.

The evolving landscape offers young professionals an exciting platform to thrive and contribute to one of Bangladesh's most promising sectors, he said.

"Local pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh are progressively transitioning from chemical medicines to biomedicines," said Md Abu Zafor Sadek, deputy general manager at UniMed UniHealth Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

This shift is creating opportunities for fresh graduates specialising in biotechnology and genetic engineering to make valuable contributions to the pharmaceutical sector, he said.

Sadek noted that most top public and private universities in Bangladesh now offer undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in biotechnology and genetic engineering.

These institutions produce approximately 700 graduates annually, creating a skilled workforce ready to meet the demands of the evolving pharmaceutical industry, he said.

In addition to laboratory, research and development-related roles, Sadek emphasised that fresh graduates have promising career prospects in pharmaceutical marketing departments.

These departments require skilled individuals with expertise in biomedicine to manage and promote specialised product segments effectively.

According to the Bangladesh Association of Pharmaceutical Industries (Bapi), there are over 160 pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh.

Once dependent on imported medicines, the country has become self-sufficient, producing 98 percent of its domestic medicinal needs.

With a market worth $3.5 billion and an annual growth rate of 12 percent, the pharmaceutical industry is a shining example of innovation and resilience, according to Bapi.

Zaman of the ACI highlighted that this growth extends beyond local demands, as Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies now export high-quality generics to stringent regulatory markets, including the US, the UK, and Europe.

This transformation has redefined career opportunities for young professionals, marking a new era for the country's pharmaceutical sector, he pointed out.​

 

[Saif]

ওষুধশিল্পে নতুন নতুন কাজের সুযোগ

গবেষণা ও উদ্ভাবন বাড়াতে ওষুধ প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলো ভিন্ন বিষয়ে পাস করা তরুণদেরকেও কাজে নিচ্ছে।

bangla.thedailystar.net

ওষুধশিল্পে নতুন নতুন কাজের সুযোগ

অলঙ্করণ: আনোয়ার সোহেল/স্টার ডিজিটাল গ্রাফিক্স

দেশের ওষুধশিল্পে বইছে উন্নয়নের হাওয়া। মেধাবী তরুণদের হাত ধরে নতুন নতুন উদ্ভাবনীর মাধ্যমে আরও বিকশিত হচ্ছে এই খাত।

সংশ্লিষ্টদের ভাষ্য, এই খাত এখন রসায়নভিত্তিক ওষুধ থেকে জৈবভিত্তিক ওষুধের দিকে ঝুঁকছে। বিশ্বব্যাপী এসব ওষুধের চাহিদা বেড়ে যাওয়ায় দেশে সদ্য পাস করা তরুণরা এই খাতে নিজেদের ভবিষ্যৎ গড়ার সুযোগ পাচ্ছেন।

গবেষণা ও উদ্ভাবন বাড়াতে ওষুধ প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলো ভিন্ন বিষয়ে পাস করা তরুণদেরকেও কাজে নিচ্ছে।

এই খাতে এখন বায়োটেকনোলজি, জেনেটিক ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং, বায়োকেমিস্ট্রি ও কেমিক্যাল ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিংয়ের মতো বিষয়ে পড়া তরুণদের চাকরি হচ্ছে। এতদিন শুধু ফার্মেসি বিভাগের স্নাতকরা এই খাতে কাজের সুযোগ পেতেন।

এখন ভিন্ন বিষয়ে পড়া স্নাতকদের নিয়ে ওষুধশিল্প বৈচিত্র্যময় হয়ে উঠছে।

গুণমান নিশ্চিত করতে কর্মকর্তা, নিয়ন্ত্রণ বিশেষজ্ঞ ও বিশ্লেষণ ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন কর্মীদের নিয়ে দেশের ওষুধশিল্প বিশ্ববাজারে আরও প্রভাবশালী হয়ে উঠছে।

স্কয়ার ফার্মাসিউটিক্যালস, ইনসেপ্টা ফার্মাসিউটিক্যালস, অ্যারিস্টোফার্মা, এসিআই হেলথকেয়ার লিমিটেড, গ্লোব বায়োটেক, বিকন ফার্মাসিউটিক্যালস পিএলসি ও জিসকা ফার্মাসিউটিক্যালসসহ বেশ কয়েকটি শীর্ষ প্রতিষ্ঠান বায়োলজিক্সে প্রচুর বিনিয়োগ করায় এই খাতে উল্লেখযোগ্য প্রবৃদ্ধি দেখা যাচ্ছে।

জৈব উৎস থেকে তৈরি ওষুধের চাহিদা বেড়ে যাওয়ায় এসব প্রতিষ্ঠান এর ওপর বেশি গুরুত্ব দিচ্ছে।

এসিআই হেলথকেয়ার লিমিটেডের ব্যবস্থাপনা পরিচালক ও প্রধান নির্বাহী পরিচালক এম মহিবুজ জামান দ্য ডেইলি স্টারকে বলেন, 'ফার্মেসি, বায়োটেকনোলজি, বায়োকেমিস্ট্রি ও সংশ্লিষ্ট বিষয়ে পাশ করা তরুণদের চাকরির বিশাল সুযোগ তৈরি হয়েছে।'

'এই স্নাতকরা ওষুধ উৎপাদন, মান নিয়ন্ত্রণ, গবেষণা ও বিপণন বিভাগে কাজ করতে পারবেন।'

তবে ওষুধ কারখানার সব ক্ষেত্রে ফার্মেসিতে দক্ষতা অপরিহার্য উল্লেখ করে তিনি আরও বলেন, 'দেশে-বিদেশে মেধাবী তরুণ ফার্মাসিস্টদের ভবিষ্যৎ উজ্জ্বল।'

তিনি মনে করেন, তরুণদের মেধা কাজে লাগিয়ে বাংলাদেশ ওষুধশিল্পে উদ্ভাবন ও স্বনির্ভরতা অর্জনের পাশাপাশি শক্তিশালী অর্থনীতি গড়ে তুলতে পারে।

তার মতে, তরুণরা এই খাতে কাজের সুযোগ পেলে বাংলাদেশ তাদের নেতৃত্বে বৈশ্বিক ওষুধশিল্পে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা রাখতে পারবে।

ইনসেপ্টা ফার্মাসিউটিক্যালসের মহাব্যবস্থাপক মো. মিজানুর রহমান ডেইলি স্টারকে বলেন, 'গত ২০ বছরে দেশে ওষুধ খাত দশগুণ বেড়েছে। ফার্মেসি, বায়োটেকনোলজি ও সংশ্লিষ্ট শাখায় স্নাতকদের চাকরির সুযোগ অনেক।'

দুই দশক আগে সুযোগ না থাকায় তা সম্ভব হয়নি বলেও জানান তিনি।

তিনি আরও জানান, ব্যাপক প্রবৃদ্ধি ও দক্ষ পেশাদারদের চাহিদা থাকায় অন্যান্য বিষয়ের স্নাতকধারীদের কাছে এই খাত পছন্দের তালিকায় ওপরের দিকে আছে।

ওষুধশিল্পের এই উত্থান নতুন স্নাতকদের পেশা গড়ার পথ তৈরি করেছে। সরবরাহ ব্যবস্থাপনা, মান নিয়ন্ত্রণ, প্রযুক্তিগত পরিষেবা ও বিপণন বিভাগে কাজের সুযোগ বেড়েছে।

মিজানুর রহমান আরও বলেন, 'ওষুধের বাজার ক্রমাগত প্রসারিত হচ্ছে। এই শিল্পের আরও বিকাশের জন্য প্রশিক্ষিত পেশাদারদের প্রয়োজন। ক্রমবিকশিত ওষুধশিল্প তরুণদের জন্য চমকপ্রদ কর্মক্ষেত্র হতে পারে।'

ইউনিমেড ইউনিহেলথ ফার্মাসিউটিক্যালস লিমিটেডের উপ-মহাব্যবস্থাপক মো. আবু জাফর সাদেক ডেইলি স্টারকে বলেন, 'দেশের ওষুধ প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলো রসায়নভিত্তিক ওষুধ থেকে জৈবভিত্তিক ওষুধ তৈরির উদ্যোগ নেওয়ায় বায়োটেকনোলজি ও জেনেটিক ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিংয়ে নতুনদের অবদান রাখার সুযোগ তৈরি করছে।'

এখন দেশের শীর্ষ পাবলিক ও বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলোয় বায়োটেকনোলজি ও জেনেটিক ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিংয়ে স্নাতক ও স্নাতকোত্তর কোর্স পড়ানো হচ্ছে।

'বছরে প্রায় ৭০০ স্নাতক তৈরি হচ্ছে। ওষুধশিল্পের চাহিদা পূরণে দক্ষ জনশক্তি তৈরি করা হচ্ছে।'

ল্যাবরেটরি, গবেষণা ও উন্নয়ন বিভাগের পাশাপাশি ওষুধ বিপণন বিভাগে নতুনদের কাজের সুযোগ আছে বলে জানান তিনি।

বিশেষায়িত বিভাগগুলো ভালোভাবে পরিচালনা ও পণ্যের প্রচারের জন্য বায়োমেডিসিনে দক্ষ কর্মীর প্রয়োজন।

বাংলাদেশ ওষুধ শিল্প সমিতির (বাপি) তথ্য বলছে, দেশে ১৬০টির বেশি ওষুধ প্রতিষ্ঠান আছে।

একসময় আমদানির ওপর নির্ভরশীল বাংলাদেশ এখন চাহিদার ৯৮ শতাংশ ওষুধ তৈরি করছে।

সংগঠনটির ভাষ্য, প্রায় সাড়ে তিন বিলিয়ন ডলারের ওষুধের বাজার ও বার্ষিক ১২ শতাংশ প্রবৃদ্ধি নিয়ে ওষুধশিল্প উদ্ভাবন ও স্থিতিশীলতার উজ্জ্বল উদাহরণ হয়েছে।

এসিআইয়ের এম মহিবুজ জামান আরও বলেন, 'স্থানীয় চাহিদা মিটিয়ে বাংলাদেশি ওষুধ এখন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র, যুক্তরাজ্য ও ইউরোপসহ বাজারে রপ্তানি হচ্ছে।'

তিনি আরও বলেন, 'এই প্রবৃদ্ধি তরুণদের নতুন কাজের সুযোগ করে দিচ্ছে। দেশের ওষুধ খাতের জন্য নতুন যুগের সূচনা করেছে।'​

 

[Saif]

Drug makers secure growth in H1 on low finance costs, higher sales

Leading drug manufacturers maintained revenue and profit growth year-on-year in the first half of FY25, supported by higher sales amid stability in the forex market. However, efficient management, strong financial positions, and lower finance expenses helped Square Pharmaceuticals and Beximco Ph

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Drug makers secure growth in H1 on low finance costs, higher sales
Babul Barman
Published :
Feb 10, 2025 00:46
Updated :
Feb 10, 2025 00:46

Leading drug manufacturers maintained revenue and profit growth year-on-year in the first half of FY25, supported by higher sales amid stability in the forex market.

However, efficient management, strong financial positions, and lower finance expenses helped Square Pharmaceuticals and Beximco Pharmaceuticals, among the drug makers, secure a double-digit growth in an adverse business climate.

"Rising income levels and increased health awareness have led to higher spending on medicines," said Akramul Alam, head of research at Royal Capital.

Despite economic headwinds, such as high inflation, currency depreciation, and rising living costs, Bangladesh's pharmaceutical sector has thrived due to strong local demand, self-sufficiency, export growth, cost efficiency, and favorable government policies.

"This resilience allows leading pharmaceutical companies to sustain high revenue and profit growth," said Mr Alam.

The collective revenue of seven major drug manufacturers reached Tk 116 billion in July-December of FY25, a 9.43 per cent increase from the year before.

Their combined profit also rose 6.40 per cent year-on-year to Tk 19.87 billion during the period under review, according to financial statements compiled by The Financial Express.

Square Pharmaceuticals, the largest drug maker in the country, posted a record half-yearly profit of Tk 12.70 billion for the six months through December last year, a 13 per cent year-on-year growth.

Its sales revenue grew 6 per cent year-on-year to Tk 37.72 billion in July-December.

Square Pharmaceuticals attributed its growth to several key factors, including lower finance costs, a boost to domestic demand for healthcare products, and rising exports.

Muhammad Zahangir Alam, chief financial officer (CFO) of Square Pharma, said the drug maker's finance cost had remained zero for the last five years for its zero borrowings.

"Apart from revenue income, our other incomes always support our profit growth," he said.

Square Pharma is strategically expanding its presence in the global markets and diversifying its operations through subsidiaries and associate companies.

Beximco Pharma, another major drug manufacturer, posted an 18 per cent growth in profit to Tk 3.54 billion, supported by higher sales amid growing local demand and export growth.

The company launched new products and expanded international presence, said Iqbal Ahmed, managing director of the company, in a filing on the London Stock Exchange.

Unlike other industries affected by inflation and currency devaluation, the pharmaceutical sector enjoys inelastic demand as medicines are essential regardless of economic conditions, said Mr Alam, of Royal Capital, said.

With a population of over 170 million, Bangladesh has a large and growing healthcare market. The healthcare expenditure per capita was just $30 in 2014, which jumped to more than $58 in 2022.

However, the companies, which could not contain finance costs amid soaring interest rates, were unable to earn expected profits despite higher revenue. In most cases, profitability is squeezed by exorbitant finance expenses.

For example, Renata's profit plunged 39 per cent year-on-year in the first half of FY25 despite 12 per cent revenue growth. Its net finance costs shot up 40 per cent to Tk 792 million in July-December last year.

Renata's short-term and long-term borrowings rose to Tk 11.79 billion in the six months through December last year, from Tk 10.83 billion in June 2024.

Bangladesh exports pharmaceuticals to over 150 countries, including the USA, UK, and EU markets.

Drug exports jumped more than 12 per cent year on-year to $114 million in July-December last year as local drug makers entered new markets and received larger orders.

The industry benefits from LDC (Least Developed Country) privileges, allowing it to produce and export generic drugs without strict patent restrictions, which will continue until 2033, according to Mr Alam.

"High-quality but low-cost production makes Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies competitive in global markets as well," he added.

The global pharmaceutical industry is expected to grow by 5.80 per cent in the next five years through 2028, while the local industry is expected to grow more than 15 per cent during the time, according to Statista, a global data and business intelligence platform.

The industry contributes more than 1.83 per cent to the country's GDP, according to the Director General of Drug Administration (DGDA). About 80 per cent of the drugs sold are generic and the rest are patented drugs.

Currently, local companies meet 98 per cent of the domestic demand with a market size of Tk 266 billion.​

 

[Bilal9]

Samuda Chemical Complex Limited (SCCL) is a private limited company owned by Mohammad Abul Kalam, Farzana Afroze, Mohammad Mustafa Haider, Rizwana Afroze. SCCL was incorporated in 2006 in Bangladesh under the Companies Act, 1994 and has an authorized capital of BDT 5,000,000,000. It is the largest caustic soda and hydrogen peroxide plant at present in Bangladesh.

[Environment-Friendly Factory]

Samuda Chemical Complex Limited manufactures high quality and competitively priced products i.e. Hydrogen peroxide, Caustic Soda, Liquid Chlorine, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium Hypochlorite, calcium Carbonate, Filler compound and Chlorinated Paraffin Wax, which deliver outstanding value to its customers. The Company’s products and production processes are benchmarked with the best of global touchstones and meet the most rigorous international specifications.

[Dhaka Plant @ Munshiganj Beside Meghna River]

SCCL’s Products go into numerous end-use applications in a variety of industries: paper and pulp, textiles, pharmaceuticals, food, tanning, water treatment, plastics, footwear, Detergent and petroleum refining. Leaving its mark on the local market, the company also exports its products to other ountries in South Asia.

[Chattrogram Plant @Alamin Baria]

Since its inception as the first company in Bangladesh to produce Hydrogen peroxide upto 70% concentration, SCCL has been continuously raising the bar in technological competence and gaining recognition as an innovator. Overall production capacity of Samuda Chemical Complex Limited is 650-50 MT per day.


The company has an enduring commitment to protecting and enhancing the environment, serving and improving the communities in which it functions and adhering to the highest ethical standards of corporate behavior.

 

[Saif]

Pharma industry has a bright future

Foreign participants at the 16th Asia Pharma Expo foresee a bright future for Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical industry, given its continuous product development and expanding global footprint.

www.thedailystar.net

Pharma industry has a bright future
Foreign participants say at Asia Pharma Expo

Foreign participants at the 16th Asia Pharma Expo foresee a bright future for Bangladesh's pharmaceutical industry, given its continuous product development and expanding global footprint.

"Bangladesh's pharmaceutical sector has shown really impressive development. The country manufactures medicines of global standard and has developed a highly skilled workforce," said Lashimikanth Enaganti, assistant general manager of Smilax Laboratories Limited, India.

He was speaking to The Daily Star at the venue of the 16th Asia Pharma Expo and Asia Lab Expo, organised by the Bangladesh Association of Pharmaceutical Industries at the Bangladesh-China Friendship Exhibition Centre in Purbachal.

Enaganti praised Bangladesh's progress, highlighting its high-quality medicine production and skilled workforce. His company, which produces 60 types of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), exports to 10 leading Bangladeshi pharmaceutical firms. He sees this growth as mutually beneficial for both countries.

Deepak Shah, director at Mumbai-based Titan Laboratories Pvt Ltd, echoed this observation. His company, a supplier of 20 types of APIs, has been exporting to Bangladesh for over two decades and has witnessed the sector's significant progress.

"Our export volume to Bangladesh is increasing," he added.

Monjurul Alam, CEO of Beacon Medicare Limited, said that Bangladesh imports around $1.2 billion worth of APIs annually. He emphasised that events like the Asia Pharma Expo help local companies source new ingredients and advanced machinery, supporting industry expansion.

International suppliers have also noted the sector's development. Klaus N Moller, head of sales and service at Germany's Process Technology Pharma, has been supplying pharmaceutical equipment to Bangladesh for 24 years. Initially providing small-scale equipment, his company's sales grew alongside the industry's expansion.

Moller also mentioned that his company has set up a factory for commissioning.

Halimuzzaman, managing director of Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, noted that Bangladesh imports approximately $500 million worth of pharmaceutical machinery, primarily from Europe, to ensure quality. He emphasised the importance of the expo in connecting local manufacturers with cutting-edge technology.

The event was inaugurated by Zakia Sultana, senior secretary of the Ministry of Industries. She underscored Bangladesh's ability to meet 98 percent of its pharmaceutical demand through local production while exporting to 157 countries.

However, she acknowledged the challenge of API import dependence. To address this, the government has established an API Industrial Park in Gazaria, Munshiganj, with the aim of boosting local API production, reducing import reliance, and cutting costs.

"With 27 pharmaceutical companies allotted plots, the park is expected to enhance research, attract foreign investment, and prepare the industry for Bangladesh's LDC graduation in 2026," Sultana said.

She encouraged stakeholders to capitalise on these opportunities, pointing out that capturing even 1 percent of the $400 billion global generic drug market could generate $4 billion in export revenue.

Md Shameem Haidar, director general of the Directorate General of Drug Administration, highlighted the pharmaceutical sector's contribution as the second-largest revenue generator for the government.

Initially focused on domestic demand, the industry now exports to 160 countries, including highly regulated markets such as the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and the EU.

He noted that leading Bangladeshi firms have obtained major Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) accreditations, including US FDA certification. Additionally, Bangladesh's National Drug Control Laboratory (NCL) is progressing toward achieving WHO Maturity Level 3 recognition.

Haidar emphasised the expo's role in fostering collaboration, innovation, and technological advancements in pharmaceutical manufacturing and research.

Md Saidur Rahman, secretary to the Health Services Division, credited local pharmaceutical companies for making medicines affordable and ensuring quality healthcare. He acknowledged their contributions to Bangladesh's health sector through the production of world-class medicines.

Speaking at the event, Abdul Muktadir, president of BAPI, expressed concern over the ongoing gas crisis, saying it affects the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical products.

This year's expo is being participated in by 800 companies from 32 countries, including the US, China, UK, Germany, Malaysia, India, Thailand, Italy, Japan, Switzerland, Taiwan, and Ireland.

The event showcases advancements in pharmaceutical processing and packaging, biotech lab equipment, API manufacturing, and contract pharmaceutical manufacturing.

By bringing together domestic and international entrepreneurs, the expo provides valuable insights into the latest pharmaceutical technologies, equipment, and raw materials.

The three-day Asia Pharma Expo will conclude on February 14, remaining open daily from 10:00am to 6:00pm.

With Bangladesh already fulfilling 98 percent of its domestic pharmaceutical needs before exporting to 157 countries, the country's role in the global pharma industry continues to strengthen.​

 

[Saif]

Curbing drug companies' sway on doctors

The healthcare sector of the country is increasingly plagued by unethical practices, making regulatory intervention a formidable challenge. Among these concerns, the growing nexus between pharmaceutical companies and practising physicians has become particularly alarming. While drug promotion throu

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Curbing drug companies' sway on doctors
Published :
Feb 28, 2025 00:07
Updated :
Feb 28, 2025 00:07

The healthcare sector of the country is increasingly plagued by unethical practices, making regulatory intervention a formidable challenge. Among these concerns, the growing nexus between pharmaceutical companies and practising physicians has become particularly alarming. While drug promotion through medical representatives is not a new phenomenon, its character has significantly changed. Previously, pharmaceutical representatives primarily provided doctors with sample medicines and relevant information on pharmacological composition, potential side effects, and overall efficacy. However, recent reports suggest that this practice has escalated to an unethical level, where pharmaceutical companies wield substantial influence over doctors' discretion to prescribe medicines.

It is widely reported that drug companies frequently influence medical prescriptions by offering incentives to doctors, raising serious ethical and medical concerns that largely remain unchecked. Sales representatives from these companies are often seen waiting outside clinics and hospitals, eager to interact with doctors. In some cases, they go as far as to monitor prescriptions by taking screenshots with smartphones as patients exit medical facilities, ensuring that their drugs are being promoted. More troubling is the allegation that some doctors prescribe unnecessary medications that have little or no relevance to the patient's actual condition. This practice not only exploits patients financially but also raises significant health risks by exposing them to unnecessary side effects and potential complications.

The deeper issue is that many doctors acknowledge this malpractice but remain reluctant to speak publicly against it. Some admit that the practice has become deeply ingrained in the medical community, where peer pressure and the fear of professional isolation discourage opposition. On the other hand, pharmaceutical marketing professionals justify their promotional strategies by citing industry pressures and competition. This commercialised approach to medicine undermines the fundamental ethics of healthcare.

Despite growing awareness, the undue influence of pharmaceutical companies on physicians remains pervasive. Addressing this issue requires a combination of stricter regulations, ethical enforcement, and systemic reforms. Experts suggest that one potential solution is to promote the prescription of generic drugs over branded ones, as this would reduce the incentives tied to many pharma companies. Additionally, updating and strictly implementing the country's drug policy is essential to regulate interactions between pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers. Without decisive actions, the integrity of the healthcare system will continue to be compromised, leaving patients vulnerable to commercial exploitation rather than allowing them to receive the genuine medical care they deserve. Moreover, the role of regulatory bodies and professional organisations must be strengthened to curb these unethical practices effectively. Medical associations should take a firm stance against such influences and encourage doctors to adhere to ethical guidelines when prescribing medication. Public awareness campaigns can also play a crucial role in educating patients about their rights and the dangers of unnecessary prescriptions. If patients are better informed, they can question and verify the necessity of prescribed medicines, reducing the blind dependence on prescriptions influenced by pharmaceutical companies. Transparency in the healthcare sector, supported by government oversight, is vital for ensuring that medical decisions are driven by patient needs rather than commercial interests.​

 

[Saif]

Govt moves to encourage cancer drugs making

The tax authority has reduced the tax at source on the import of raw materials for the manufacture of cancer-related drugs, a development that is expected to reduce production costs and prices.

www.thedailystar.net

Govt moves to encourage cancer drugs making

The tax authority has reduced the tax at source on the import of raw materials for the manufacture of cancer-related drugs, a development that is expected to reduce production costs and prices.

In a notification issued on Sunday, the National Board of Revenue (NBR) said it would collect 2 percent tax at source on the import of the ingredients of oncology medicines, down from 5 percent.

A senior official of the tax administration said they slashed the tax based on recommendations from the health ministry.

"This will be helpful for oncology product manufacturers and end users, as production costs will decrease, making the products more affordable," said Aminul Islam Khan, chairman and managing director of Ziska Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

This will be helpful for oncology product manufacturers and end users, as production costs will decrease, said sector people

The NBR's move comes at a time when the prevalence of cancer is growing in Bangladesh, and a number of pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing oncology products for both domestic and export markets.

At present, the cancer prevalence in the country is 106 cases per 100,000 population, with the prevalence being higher among males.

In Bangladesh, cancer is responsible for 11.9 percent of all deaths annually, according to a new study by the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University last month.

The study revealed that 52.9 new cases are reported per 100,000 people every year.

Khan said the price of oncology products in Bangladesh is lower than in any other country because the nation can produce generic versions of medicines without patent restrictions.

For this reason, cancer patients from different countries seek Bangladeshi oncology products at a lower cost, he added.

Oncology products made in Bangladesh are exported to advanced countries, including Europe and Australia, due to competitive prices and high quality, he said.​

 

[Saif]

Square Pharma’s Tapan Chowdhury to buy over Tk 32 crore worth of shares

Tapan Chowdhury, managing director of Square Pharmaceuticals, has expressed his intention to purchase 15 lakh shares of the company—the largest drug producer of the country—valued at over Tk 32 crore at the current market price.

www.thedailystar.net

Square Pharma’s Tapan Chowdhury to buy over Tk 32 crore worth of shares
He will buy 15 lakh shares at prevailing market prices

Tapan Chowdhury, managing director of Square Pharmaceuticals, has expressed his intention to purchase 15 lakh shares of the company—the largest drug producer of the country—valued at over Tk 32 crore at the current market price.

Chowdhury, also a sponsor of the company, plans to acquire the shares at the prevailing market price in both the public and block markets through the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) within the next 30 working days, Square Pharmaceuticals said in a disclosure on the premier bourse's website.

As of 12:42pm, Square Pharmaceuticals' shares had declined by 0.14 percent to Tk 216.8 on the DSE, compared to the previous day's closing price of Tk 217.1.

Chowdhury's announcement comes two weeks after a similar declaration by Anjan Chowdhury, another sponsor director of Square, who also intended to buy 15 lakh shares, valued at Tk 32 crore at the market price at that time.

As of November 30 last year, Tapan Chowdhury held a 9.47 percent stake in Square Pharmaceuticals, a major concern of Square Group. Following the purchase, his total stake in the company will increase to 9.65 percent.

As of January this year, sponsors and directors collectively held 42.91 percent of Square Pharmaceuticals' shares, while the public owned 27.67 percent.

Foreign and institutional investors held 15.54 percent and 13.88 percent, respectively.

The pharmaceutical producer and exporter's net profit rose 26 percent year-on-year to Tk 660 crore in the October-December period of the 2024-25 fiscal year.

Higher income from investments and increased profits from associated companies contributed to Square Pharmaceuticals' earnings growth.

In the first half of the 2024-25 financial year, the company recorded a profit of Tk 1,269 crore, up 13 percent year-on-year, according to its second-quarter financial statement.

However, in the 2023-24 financial year, Square Pharmaceuticals' profit after tax declined by 5.34 percent year-on-year to Tk 1,559 crore.​

 

[Saif]

Pharma exports rise, but Feb slump raises eyebrows

Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical exports posted steady growth in the first eight months of the current fiscal year, buoyed by rising demand from developed markets, though a sharp decline in February raised concerns, industry experts said.

www.thedailystar.net

Pharma exports rise, but Feb slump raises eyebrows

Bangladesh's pharmaceutical exports posted steady growth in the first eight months of the current fiscal year, buoyed by rising demand from developed markets, though a sharp decline in February raised concerns, industry experts said.

The sector earned $145.46 million from July to February of fiscal year (FY) 2024-25, a 7.1 percent increase from $135.81 million in the same period a year earlier, according to data from the Export Promotion Bureau (EPB).

Industry insiders attributed the growth to the increasing popularity of Bangladeshi pharmaceuticals in key Western markets, including the United States, Australia and Europe.

In February alone, the sector generated $13.02 million, lower than the $16.81 million recorded in the same month of the previous fiscal year, marking a 22.6 percent decline.

The drop was largely driven by recent cuts in US foreign aid and a temporary halt in medicine shipments to Vietnam and Cambodia, where business activities slowed during New Year celebrations, industry insiders said.

"Our exports have grown due mainly to increasing orders from the US, Unicef and the World Health Organization," said Muhammad Zahangir Alam, chief financial officer at Square Pharmaceuticals, one of Bangladesh's leading drug manufacturers and exporters.

Regarding the February decline, he said month-to-month fluctuations in shipments are common and depend on the timing of export orders.

"We have long-term agreements in place to supply products to our buyers, so such fluctuations do not largely impact our exports," he added.

Alam also said that Square Pharma does not accept export orders on credit from new buyers as part of its policy to ensure payment security.

Mohammad Ali Nawaz, chief financial officer at Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd, said export orders have remained steady, with continuous direct supply to the US government.

"During the first eight months of the current fiscal year, we have received strong export orders, including from developed markets such as the US, South Africa and Australia," he said.

Nawaz noted that the company's export orders have been growing consistently, reflecting a positive trend in international business.

"This steady growth in exports is a strong indication of the company's resilience and adaptability in a competitive global market," he said.

Monjurul Alam, chief executive officer of Beacon Medicare Ltd, a unit of Beacon Pharmaceuticals, said that although EPB data shows sluggish exports in recent months, pharmaceutical shipments are actually rising.

He explained that shipments usually slow in January and February, as exports to Vietnam and Cambodia, two key importers, pause during this period.

"This seasonal slowdown explains the slight drop in February export figures," he said.

EPB data shows pharmaceutical exports fell 22.6 percent in February from January.

Alam expects exports to rebound in April as shipments to Vietnam and Cambodia resume. "There is no reason to be concerned about negative figures for one or two months of shipments," he said.

While pharmaceutical export figures are not large, they are important for the country's image and the industry, he added.

Ananta Saha, international business manager at Renata Ltd., echoed Alam's sentiments, saying export orders have remained steady.

However, he noted that export growth has not been as fast as expected.

Despite the slower pace, Renata remains optimistic about its long-term international business prospects, he added.

The case for Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is different, as the impact of US aid cuts directly affected its exports.

Arefin Ahmed, executive director at Incepta Pharmaceuticals, said the company was significantly affected by the recent cancellation of US aid funding.

"We regularly supply a large quantity of medicine to several countries, including Bangladesh, under the US aid programme. However, the sudden cancellation of this funding forced us to cancel two major vaccine shipments," he said.

The canceled shipment comprised 2 million injection doses worth $2 million.

Ahmed said USAID has been a loyal customer of Incepta, which is Bangladesh's second-largest generic pharmaceutical producer after Pfizer, the U.S.-based pharmaceutical giant.

The unexpected cancellation disrupted operations, affecting both revenue and the company's commitment to supplying critical medicines, he said.​

 

[Bilal9]

Pharma exports rise, but Feb slump raises eyebrows

Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical exports posted steady growth in the first eight months of the current fiscal year, buoyed by rising demand from developed markets, though a sharp decline in February raised concerns, industry experts said.

www.thedailystar.net

Pharma exports rise, but Feb slump raises eyebrows

View attachment 15291

Bangladesh's pharmaceutical exports posted steady growth in the first eight months of the current fiscal year, buoyed by rising demand from developed markets, though a sharp decline in February raised concerns, industry experts said.

The sector earned $145.46 million from July to February of fiscal year (FY) 2024-25, a 7.1 percent increase from $135.81 million in the same period a year earlier, according to data from the Export Promotion Bureau (EPB).

Industry insiders attributed the growth to the increasing popularity of Bangladeshi pharmaceuticals in key Western markets, including the United States, Australia and Europe.

In February alone, the sector generated $13.02 million, lower than the $16.81 million recorded in the same month of the previous fiscal year, marking a 22.6 percent decline.

The drop was largely driven by recent cuts in US foreign aid and a temporary halt in medicine shipments to Vietnam and Cambodia, where business activities slowed during New Year celebrations, industry insiders said.

"Our exports have grown due mainly to increasing orders from the US, Unicef and the World Health Organization," said Muhammad Zahangir Alam, chief financial officer at Square Pharmaceuticals, one of Bangladesh's leading drug manufacturers and exporters.

Regarding the February decline, he said month-to-month fluctuations in shipments are common and depend on the timing of export orders.

"We have long-term agreements in place to supply products to our buyers, so such fluctuations do not largely impact our exports," he added.

Alam also said that Square Pharma does not accept export orders on credit from new buyers as part of its policy to ensure payment security.

Mohammad Ali Nawaz, chief financial officer at Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd, said export orders have remained steady, with continuous direct supply to the US government.

"During the first eight months of the current fiscal year, we have received strong export orders, including from developed markets such as the US, South Africa and Australia," he said.

Nawaz noted that the company's export orders have been growing consistently, reflecting a positive trend in international business.

"This steady growth in exports is a strong indication of the company's resilience and adaptability in a competitive global market," he said.

Monjurul Alam, chief executive officer of Beacon Medicare Ltd, a unit of Beacon Pharmaceuticals, said that although EPB data shows sluggish exports in recent months, pharmaceutical shipments are actually rising.

He explained that shipments usually slow in January and February, as exports to Vietnam and Cambodia, two key importers, pause during this period.

"This seasonal slowdown explains the slight drop in February export figures," he said.

EPB data shows pharmaceutical exports fell 22.6 percent in February from January.

Alam expects exports to rebound in April as shipments to Vietnam and Cambodia resume. "There is no reason to be concerned about negative figures for one or two months of shipments," he said.

While pharmaceutical export figures are not large, they are important for the country's image and the industry, he added.

Ananta Saha, international business manager at Renata Ltd., echoed Alam's sentiments, saying export orders have remained steady.

However, he noted that export growth has not been as fast as expected.

Despite the slower pace, Renata remains optimistic about its long-term international business prospects, he added.

The case for Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is different, as the impact of US aid cuts directly affected its exports.

Arefin Ahmed, executive director at Incepta Pharmaceuticals, said the company was significantly affected by the recent cancellation of US aid funding.

"We regularly supply a large quantity of medicine to several countries, including Bangladesh, under the US aid programme. However, the sudden cancellation of this funding forced us to cancel two major vaccine shipments," he said.

The canceled shipment comprised 2 million injection doses worth $2 million.

Ahmed said USAID has been a loyal customer of Incepta, which is Bangladesh's second-largest generic pharmaceutical producer after Pfizer, the U.S.-based pharmaceutical giant.

The unexpected cancellation disrupted operations, affecting both revenue and the company's commitment to supplying critical medicines, he said.​

February slump is a blip and nothing to worry about.

We should reduce dependency of pharma exports to any single or regional market (Vietnam and Cambodia), spread out risks evenly.

 

[Bilal9]

Renata Approved to Export Parkinson’s Drug to Europe​

​

1 min read​

On Sep 4, 2024

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Renata, a leading Bangladeshi pharmaceutical company, has successfully secured approval to export its Cabergoline 0.5mg tablets to several European countries. The drug, used in treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease and hyperprolactinemia, has been cleared through the EU Decentralized Procedure (DCP), enabling its sale across a range of European markets.

The company made the announcement in a filing with the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) on September 2, confirming that the approval grants access to markets including Ireland, France, Portugal, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, and Spain. “This important milestone highlights Renata’s commitment to expanding its presence in Europe by developing and delivering high-quality, low-dose, high-potency medicines,” the company stated in its DSE announcement.

The 0.5mg Cabergoline tablets will be produced at Renata’s advanced UK MHRA-approved facility, which follows stringent quality control standards. The facility is designed to meet the specific requirements of the European market, ensuring the medication is produced to the highest quality standards. Renata also confirmed that the product will be distributed across Europe through a network of strategic partnerships, allowing widespread patient access to the treatment.

In addition to the European expansion, Cabergoline is already available in Bangladesh under the brand name Cabolin. This approval further cements Renata’s global standing in the pharmaceutical sector. Notably, last year Renata’s European subsidiary, Renata Pharmaceuticals (Ireland) Limited, received approval from the EU and German regulators to launch Cabergoletten 1mg and 2mg tablets for Parkinson’s treatment in those markets. Renata’s continued success in expanding its product reach reflects its growing influence and capability in the global pharmaceutical industry.

 

[Saif]

Impact on pharmaceutical sector

BANGLADESH’S pharmaceutical sector has experienced remarkable growth over the past few decades, transforming from a largely import-dependent industry to a thriving sector that meets most of the domestic demand for medicines. The sector is characterised by intense competition among local players...

www.newagebd.net

Impact on pharmaceutical sector
Ziauddin Hyder 21 April, 2025, 00:00

BANGLADESH’S pharmaceutical sector has experienced remarkable growth over the past few decades, transforming from a largely import-dependent industry to a thriving sector that meets most of the domestic demand for medicines. The sector is characterised by intense competition among local players, with a mix of large and small manufacturers operating in the market, transforming Bangladesh into one of the leading pharmaceutical markets in South Asia.

Bangladesh produces medicines to meet around 97 per cent of its domestic demand, with local manufacturers supplying a wide range of essential and non-essential drugs. Furthermore, the sector has been increasingly export-oriented, with Bangladeshi pharmaceutical proucts being shipped to more than 150 countries, including regulated markets such as the United States and Europe.

The growth of Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical sector can be attributed to several policy measures, including the National Drug Policy, the Drugs Control Ordinance 1982 and the patent exemption. While the national policy helped to build domestic manufacturing capacity in the pharmaceutical sector, Bangladesh’s status as a developing nation granted it a period of patent exemption under the British Patents and Design Act 1911, allowing domestic firms to produce generic versions of patented drugs at reduced costs. Other policy measures that contributed to the growth of this sector include tax incentives and holidays, import duty exemption, research and development support, value-added tax waiver, foreign currency assistance and National Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Laboratory Reagents Production and Export Policy introduced in 2018 to encourage API production and provides incentives such as cash incentives for producers who add value to their products.

Bangladesh’s graduation from the least developed country status in 2026 will significantly hurt this growing industry compared with the apparel sector for several reasons. As a result of this graduation, Bangladesh will lose the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights transition period, which allowed the country to produce generic versions of patented medicines. This may lead to increased competition from multinational companies and potential loss of market share for local manufacturers. The apparel sector is not heavily reliant on intellectual property protection. While both he sectors are export-oriented, the pharmaceutical sector’s export may be more vulnerable to changes in international trade agreements and patent laws and may face increased competition from multinational companies, potentially leading to reduced market share and profitability.

The graduation will require Bangladesh to comply with stricter regulatory standards, including good manufacturing practices and good distribution practices. This may necessitate investments in infrastructure and quality control, which will add additional burden to the export-oriented pharmaceutical industry, as the country will no longer be eligible for preferential treatment under certain trade agreements. Furthermore, local manufacturers may face increased competition from multinational companies, potentially leading to market share loss and reduced profitability.

In order to mitigate risks to the pharmaceutical sector associated with the LDC graduation, Bangladesh needs to strengthen its regulatory framework to ensure compliance with international standards, including good manufacturing practices and good distribution practices. The local manufacturers also need to invest in research and development to develop products and stay competitive. This increased investment should be combined with training and capacity-building programmes for local manufacturers to enhance their competitiveness and compliance with international standards. Finally, the government needs to negotiate favourable trade agreements with other countries to maintain preferential market access for Bangladeshi pharmaceutical products.

In conclusion, graduation from the LDC status presents both challenges and opportunities for the pharmaceutical sector in Bangladesh. By strengthening the regulatory framework, investing in research and development and negotiating favourable trade agreements, Bangladesh can mitigate the negative impact and capitalise on the opportunities arising from graduation.

Dr Ziauddin Hyder is an adviser to the Bangladesh Nationalist Party chairperson and former senior health and nutrition specialist, World Bank Group.​

 

[Saif]

The promises and pressures of Bangladesh’s pharma industry

There is no doubt that Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical industry has shown remarkable potential.

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The promises and pressures of Bangladesh’s pharma industry

VISUAL: ANWAR SOHEL

The pharmaceutical sector in Bangladesh, now valued at more than $3.5 billion (as of 2023), stands as one of the most compelling narratives of progress in the country's economic landscape. From meeting 98 percent of domestic medicine needs to reaching over 150 countries with exports, this industry has evolved into a cornerstone of both national health and economic resilience. Our pharmaceutical companies are not only providing affordable healthcare across the country, but they are also gradually earning recognition on the global stage. As we approach the country's graduation from the Least Developed Country (LDC) status in November 2026, there is a growing need for the industry to adapt to new global norms and challenges.

This transformation has not happened overnight. Decades ago, Bangladesh was heavily reliant on imported medicines. Today, it produces nearly all essential drugs domestically, including life-saving ones such as antibiotics, insulin, and cancer treatments. With a population exceeding 170 million, the demand for accessible and cost-effective healthcare continues to grow. The local pharmaceutical sector has stepped up in response, resulting in improved health outcomes and a strengthened national supply chain. Alongside this domestic impact, the country has extended its pharmaceutical reach to international markets. In FY2023-24, pharmaceutical exports were valued at $205.48 million, registering a 17.14 percent growth. Bangladeshi medicines reached regions in Africa, Southeast Asia, and even entered regulated markets like the United States and Europe. A key contributor to this success has been the industry's commitment to upgrading its technological capabilities and investing in more advanced manufacturing practices, including the production of biosimilars and complex generics.

Decades ago, Bangladesh was heavily reliant on imported medicines. Today, it produces nearly all essential drugs domestically, including life-saving ones such as antibiotics, insulin, and cancer treatments. With a population exceeding 170 million, the demand for accessible and cost-effective healthcare continues to grow. The local pharmaceutical sector has stepped up in response, resulting in improved health outcomes and a strengthened national supply chain.

Underlying this growth has been a strategic use of policy flexibility under the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. Bangladesh currently benefits from a waiver that allows the production of generic versions of patented drugs without the need for costly licensing. This policy has provided a significant competitive edge in global markets. However, this advantage will come to an end after November 2026. Once the waiver expires, companies will be required to obtain a licence to produce patented medications. This shift is likely to increase production costs, potentially affecting the affordability of life-saving drugs. At the same time, global pharmaceutical giants may reclaim market space that Bangladeshi firms have started to occupy.

The expiration of the TRIPS waiver is just one aspect of a broader set of challenges that the industry will need to address. One of the most pressing issues is the overwhelming dependency on imported raw materials, specifically active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). More than 95 percent of these are sourced from countries like India and China, which makes the entire production chain vulnerable to disruptions and external price fluctuations. Beyond sourcing materials, the path to entering highly regulated export markets is filled with obstacles. Certifications for compliance with international standards can be expensive and time-consuming, often delayed further by bureaucratic inefficiencies at home. Building new manufacturing facilities or upgrading existing ones also tends to move slowly under the current administrative frameworks.

Another critical concern lies in the gap between the industry's technical demands and the available talent pool. Modern pharmaceutical manufacturing, especially in fields like biologics and hormone-based treatments, requires specialised training and a strong foundation in both research and engineering. Although progress has been made, there is still a long road ahead in terms of workforce development. Infrastructure development has not kept pace either. Projects like the long-awaited API Industrial Park have faced repeated delays, often tied to policy inconsistencies and administrative bottlenecks. As Bangladesh graduates from the LDC status, it is also set to lose various trade privileges, including duty-free access to several export markets. This shift may erode the cost competitiveness that has so far helped our pharmaceutical products find a foothold abroad.

Still, despite these hurdles, there is reason to be optimistic. While highly regulated markets have always attracted the most attention, there are numerous unregulated and semi-regulated markets in regions like Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia that offer immediate opportunities. These areas typically have fewer entry barriers and a strong demand for affordable, quality medicines. Accelerating the establishment of the API Industrial Park and supporting local production capabilities can significantly reduce dependency on imported raw materials, making the industry more resilient and cost-effective in the long run. With global demographics shifting and an ageing population driving the need for drugs targeting chronic illnesses and cancer, Bangladesh has a timely opportunity to develop its expertise in biosimilars and niche therapeutic areas through targeted investment in research and development.

From being heavily dependent on imports to becoming a growing exporter of essential medicines, Bangladesh's pharmaceutical story is one of resilience and reinvention. As the country enters a more competitive and complex global trade environment, the industry must prepare to meet new expectations.

Collaboration between the public and private sectors will be key in unlocking the next phase of innovation. Government incentives, policy support, and funding for research facilities, when combined with private sector efficiency and ambition, can create a powerful engine for long-term growth. As part of this preparation, the government can also explore negotiating an extension to the TRIPS transition period to allow more time for adaptation. Building frameworks for patent access, including participation in global patent pools or voluntary licensing agreements, can help maintain the affordability and availability of newer medicines. Additionally, streamlining regulatory approval processes, simplifying land acquisition, and providing tax incentives for research activities would send a strong signal to investors and innovators alike.

There is no doubt that Bangladesh's pharmaceutical industry has shown remarkable potential. But in order to sustain this momentum, we will need forward-looking policies, strong coordination across stakeholders, and a willingness to confront the industry's structural weaknesses. This is a moment to align regulatory architecture, engineering talent, research capabilities, internal compliance, and business strategy for the greater good.

From being heavily dependent on imports to becoming a growing exporter of essential medicines, Bangladesh's pharmaceutical story is one of resilience and reinvention. As the country enters a more competitive and complex global trade environment, the industry must prepare to meet new expectations. With strategic investments, collaborative thinking, and confidence in our own capabilities, there is every reason to believe that Bangladesh can continue to grow as a global provider of affordable, high-quality medicine. On the other hand, the industry needs more proactive hand-holding and policy support from the government.

Mamun Rashid, an economic analyst, is chairman at Financial Excellence Ltd and founding managing partner of PwC Bangladesh. He has played a pivotal role in establishing pharmaceutical and healthcare facilities in Bangladesh's private sector over the last 35 years.​

 

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Pharma needs diverse financing to unlock full potential: experts

The banking sector alone cannot provide the billions of taka required as investments to reap all the pharmaceutical sector’s potentials, for which a financing mix of equity, foreign direct investment, bonds, sukuk, and others is necessary, suggested analysts..They were addressing an event

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Pharma needs diverse financing to unlock full potential: experts

The banking sector alone cannot provide the billions of taka required as investments to reap all the pharmaceutical sector's potentials, for which a financing mix of equity, foreign direct investment, bonds, sukuk, and others is necessary, suggested analysts.

They were addressing an event titled "Capital Market: Industry Insights and Readiness for the Pharmaceutical Industry," organised by Prime Bank Investment Limited at Sheraton Dhaka on Monday.

Syed M Omar Tayub, managing director (MD) and chief executive officer (CEO) of Prime Bank Investment, said Bangladesh's pharmaceutical industry was rapidly growing, driven by strong domestic demand, policy support, and export potential.

Its annual market sales amount to roughly $3 billion, growing at around 10 percent per year and projected to exceed $9 billion by 2030, he said.

It has huge export potential, as sales abroad amount to only $205 million at present, whereas the world's pharma market is valued at $1.6 trillion, he added.

To grab the market, the industry in Bangladesh will need a lot of investment. However, solely depending on banks for financing is not viable. The interest rate is also high, said Tayub.

So, a financing mix can be the solution, including coupon bonds, zero-coupon bonds, convertible bonds, green bonds, and sukuk, he said.

However, most of the companies are going for traditional sources such as bank loans, which is raising their interest costs and worries over finance, he said.

The solution can come from Capital Connect, the investment bank's programme to engage industry leaders, access actionable insights, unlock high-potential investment access, and accelerate market readiness, said Tayub.

A poll was run among the event's participants, including finance officials from several non-listed drug companies.

Most reported that they preferred banks for meeting their financing needs, while bonds ranked second.

They also traced their lack of interest in getting listed and raising funds through issuing equity to strict regulatory compliance, dilution of ownership, costs of listing, and stock market volatility.

Officials of Prime Investment briefed them on several other investment products that could help pharmaceutical companies manage their funds efficiently.​

 

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Pharma industry in dire need of locally produced APIs

Although the country's pharmaceutical sector is often credited -- and rightly so -- for its commendable performance over the years, one of the persistent and pressing challenges hindering its further growth is the overwhelming reliance on imported raw materials, specifically active pharmaceutical i

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Pharma industry in dire need of locally produced APIs
Wasi Ahmed

Published :
Jun 17, 2025 23:28
Updated :
Jun 17, 2025 23:28

Although the country's pharmaceutical sector is often credited -- and rightly so -- for its commendable performance over the years, one of the persistent and pressing challenges hindering its further growth is the overwhelming reliance on imported raw materials, specifically active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Despite the country's strides in medicine manufacturing, the industry's heavy dependence on foreign-sourced APIs remains a structural vulnerability that hampers both sustainability and self-reliance.

Currently, it is estimated that the pharmaceutical industry imports nearly 95 per cent of its API requirements. This translates into an import bill of approximately Tk 45 billion annually, putting considerable pressure on foreign currency reserves and leaving the entire supply chain susceptible to global market disruptions. Local producers, constrained by infrastructural limitations and lack of investment, are not in a position to meet more than 5 per cent of the industry's total API demand. This stark imbalance has long been recognised as a bottleneck in the development of a truly self-sufficient pharmaceutical industry.

Over the past several years, cutting reliance on imported APIs has been a frequent topic of discussion at both policy and industry levels. Yet, tangible progress remained limited until recently. Encouragingly, there has been a renewed drive, both from the government and private sector players, to strengthen backward linkages by boosting domestic API production. This shift in momentum reflects a growing awareness of the strategic importance of indigenous raw material sourcing, not just from an economic perspective but also from the standpoint of national health security.

One of the major initiatives in this regard is the establishment of an API Industrial Park in Munshiganj, which is being implemented as a government project. The park is envisioned as a comprehensive industrial hub with dedicated infrastructure and support services tailored to API manufacturers. Additionally, two more API parks are under development in Bagerhat and Khulna through private sector initiatives, signaling growing investor interest in this critical segment of the pharmaceutical supply chain.

Alongside infrastructural developments, a draft API policy has been prepared and is currently awaiting approval from the government. This policy aims to provide a comprehensive incentive structure, including fiscal benefits, subsidies, and streamlined regulatory processes, to attract both local and foreign investors into the API manufacturing space. If approved and implemented effectively, this policy could serve as a much-needed catalyst for transforming the sector's raw material landscape.

The overarching goal behind these initiatives is to reduce dependence on imports, ensure the smooth supply of essential inputs for drug production, and ultimately bring down production costs. Lower costs would not only make medicines more affordable for the domestic population but also enhance the competitiveness of Bangladeshi pharmaceutical products in international markets. A locally secured supply chain would significantly bolster the industry's export potential, which has been growing steadily in recent years.

It is important to recognise that sustaining a highly capital-intensive industry like pharmaceuticals requires more than just policy tweaks and infrastructural support. A reliable and cost-effective supply of raw materials is essential to maintaining the viability and profitability of the entire sector. Without local API production, manufacturers are forced to rely on volatile international markets, where prices can fluctuate dramatically, and supply chains can be disrupted by geopolitical tensions, pandemics, or trade restrictions.

A great deal of the untapped potential within the pharmaceutical sector can be attributed to this very lack of backward linkage. In fact, the absence of readily available APIs is often cited as one of the foremost limitations to the industry's desired growth. The inability to access necessary inputs locally not only increases production costs but also impedes research and development (R&D) initiatives, which are vital for innovation and quality enhancement.

The need for robust backward linkage has never been more crucial. As the pharmaceutical industry moves towards more complex formulations, biologics, and personalised medicine, the demand for high-quality APIs is set to rise. Ensuring that the country is equipped to meet this demand locally will require coordinated efforts in terms of investment, training, infrastructure development, and regulatory facilitation.

Bangladesh's pharmaceutical sector currently meets around 98 per cent of the domestic demand for medicines, a remarkable feat in itself. The industry's annual growth rate, estimated at over 24 per cent, positions it as one of the fastest-growing sectors in the country. There are currently more than 240 registered pharmaceutical companies operating in the country. Several of these firms have already begun producing APIs and a wide array of drug formulations spanning all major therapeutic categories. This means the base is already in place; what remains is the scaling up of capabilities and enhancing integration with global standards.

With these factors in mind, the industry appears well-poised to embrace cutting-edge innovations and significantly expand its export footprint. However, achieving such aspirations hinges critically on addressing the foundational issue of API availability. Once this key gap is bridged, pharmaceutical manufacturers will find themselves in a far more advantageous position to scale up production, undertake R&D initiatives, and compete globally.

Thus the need to locally produce APIs is not just a matter of economic efficiency -- it is a strategic imperative. If the current momentum is sustained through effective policy implementation, investment, and infrastructural development, the pharmaceutical sector could very well become one of the cornerstones of the country's industrial economy.​

 

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Pharma exports more than double in seven years

Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical exports have more than doubled over the past seven years, reaching $213 million in the just-concluded fiscal year 2024-2025, thanks to the entry into fresh markets and a wave of new products.

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Pharma exports more than double in seven years
Driven by new markets, fresh products, rising investment and skilled workforce

Bangladesh's pharmaceutical exports have more than doubled over the past seven years, reaching $213 million in the just-concluded fiscal year 2024-2025, thanks to the entry into fresh markets and a wave of new products.

However, on a year-on-year basis, the latest export figure was just 4 percent higher than the $205 million generated in the preceding fiscal year of 2023-24.

Industry insiders remain confident that the momentum would prevail as Bangladeshi pharmaceutical firms are expanding into new and emerging markets.

Seven years ago, the country used to send medicines to around 140 countries. This has now risen to 166 nations across the globe.

With continued investment, regulatory compliance, and a growing skilled workforce, the local pharmaceutical sector is poised not just to sustain but to accelerate its export growth in the years ahead, they said.

"The key reason for this growth is the introduction of new molecules and medicines, which are now being produced locally," said Zahangir Alam, chief financial officer of Square Pharmaceuticals PLC.

"This trend is likely to accelerate in the coming years," he said.

Alam informed that the new export destinations included Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, all members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in Central Asia.

"These CIS countries are becoming significant markets for Bangladeshi medicines," he added.

He explained that regulatory procedures in many CIS nations have become more streamlined, enabling Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies to register and launch their products faster than before.

Demand for affordable yet high-quality generic medicines is rising in these regions, creating new opportunities for Bangladeshi exporters to gain a bigger market share, added Alam.

"In addition to the CIS markets, we are also exploring potential in parts of Africa and Latin America," he said.

"Our strategy involves not just expanding geographically but also diversifying our product portfolio to include specialised therapeutic segments," he said.

Wasim Haider, manager for international marketing at Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd, said they have faced significant hurdles over the past three years due to volatile exchange rates of the US dollar and political uncertainties.

However, Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd attained a notable year-on-year export growth of around 25 percent to 30 percent last fiscal year, he said.

He also cited new partnerships in previously untapped markets as another key driver behind the growth.

Furthermore, management and staff have put in an extraordinary effort to maintain financial solvency amid industry headwinds, said Haider. "Everyone, from factory workers to head office staff, contributed, which has helped boost our business."

He expressed optimism that, despite prior setbacks, the company was now on a stronger growth trajectory for the remainder of this calendar year.

Industry analysts note that Bangladesh's pharmaceutical sector has been increasingly diversifying its product range and investing in compliance with international regulatory standards.

Such factors have helped local companies gain a stronger foothold in overseas markets despite global economic uncertainties, they said.

"We're hopeful that the next doubling will come about faster," said Arefin Ahmed, executive director (marketing) of Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Pharmaceuticals differ from other export products like garments because drug registrations can take two to five years, he said.

Moreover, entering regulated industries is a high-stakes endeavour that requires meticulous planning, deep industry knowledge, and a robust strategy, he said.

Over the past decade, leading Bangladeshi pharmaceutical firms have invested heavily in modern factories, quality-control labs, and skilled personnel, enabling them to meet strict regulatory standards in markets such as the US, Europe, and Australia, said Ahmed.

"Ten years ago, we couldn't do what we can do today. We have modern equipment, skilled scientists and pharmacists, and the know-how to produce high-quality medicines," he said.

He also pointed out that a growing pool of pharmaceutical graduates was contributing to the sector's progress.​

 

[Saif]

Bangladesh’s next leap in pharmaceuticals

BANGLADESH’S pharmaceutical industry has long been a success story of transformation. Originating in the early 1980s as an import-dependent sector, it has evolved into a thriving hub for the production of generic medicines that reliably meet the needs of its domestic population while serving...

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FROM GENERICS TO DISCOVERY
Bangladesh’s next leap in pharmaceuticals
14 July, 2025, 00:00

Rasiqh Wadud writes how academia, industry and global partnerships can shape the country’s drug innovation future

BANGLADESH’S pharmaceutical industry has long been a success story of transformation. Originating in the early 1980s as an import-dependent sector, it has evolved into a thriving hub for the production of generic medicines that reliably meet the needs of its domestic population while serving over 100 export markets. With a current market valuation of around $3 billion and projections to exceed $6 billion by 2025, the sector has demonstrated formidable strength and resilience. But as the global generics market becomes increasingly competitive, and with expiring patents, it is time for Bangladesh to look beyond replication, and towards discovery.

Now, in 2025, Bangladesh stands at a critical crossroads. The next chapter for Bangladesh must be built on drug discovery, and both industry and academia have critical roles to play.

A moment of opportunity and urgency

BANGLADESH benefits from a unique TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) flexibilities waiver, which permits production of patented medicines without legal repercussions until 2033. This flexibility has fuelled its success in generics. But with the clock ticking, the nation must use this grace period to move into value-added research. The transition from relying on TRIPS flexibilities to adhering to a stricter international IP regime necessitates a parallel evolution from low-value generic production to higher-value innovation in drug discovery. Investing in drug discovery opens the door to capture higher profit margins, foster technological innovation, and stimulate domestic research and development activities.

Drug discovery has historically been considered the playground of billion-dollar pharmaceutical giants. That perception no longer holds. The landscape is shifting. Artificial intelligence, machine learning and global access to specialised services have democratised many aspects of early-stage drug development. Molecule screening, lead optimisation and even virtual structure-based drug design can now be initiated without the need for building in-house wet labs from scratch. For countries like Bangladesh, this is a game-changing leveller.

Unlocking the academic engine

GLOBALLY, drug discovery is often seeded in academic laboratories. Basic research like identifying disease mechanisms, characterising biological targets or designing novel molecular scaffolds frequently originates in universities. In countries like the United States, United Kingdom and Singapore, academic institutions are often the birthplaces of new molecular discoveries. Prestigious universities such as MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford and National University of Singapore have not only produced breakthrough research but also incubated biotech startups and facilitated licensing deals with global pharmaceutical firms.

Bangladesh can and should follow this model. In particular, private universities in Bangladesh are capable of playing a transformative role in this space. As someone who has served as a lecturer at a reputed private university and as a graduate of the same institution, I have directly witnessed the academic potential that exists.

Many leading discoveries around the world have begun with focused research questions and strategic collaborations. What some of the universities, public and private, can do now is begin cultivating a research culture. Although the universities may not yet have dedicated drug discovery infrastructure, this should not be seen as a barrier. Leveraging international collaboration and existing global research platforms is a practical and realistic way to begin. In fact, a gradual evolution starting with project-based partnerships and external collaborations mirrors the trajectory of many high-impact research efforts I have personally observed. Universities in Bangladesh can initiate such projects by connecting with their growing alumni network and tapping into global expertise, allowing the institutions to dip into exploratory science without immediate capital-heavy commitments.

If Bangladesh is to take charge of its own scientific future, universities must rise to the challenge, not simply watching innovation happen elsewhere, but becoming part of the process that drives it forward.

Lessons from peer economies

THE government has made some strides in incentivising pharmaceutical R&D. Tax holidays, duty exemptions for lab equipment, and infrastructure in export processing zones are welcome initiatives. But we need more targeted investment in innovation ecosystems — biotech parks, translational research centres and coordinated academia-industry networks.

Countries like India and Singapore offer instructive examples. India’s public-private biotech parks and liberalisation of IP policies in the 1990s gave rise to domestic drug discovery efforts that now yield licensed molecules for global markets. Singapore invested billions into its Biopolis complex, attracting R&D from multinational giants and creating a skilled workforce.

Vietnam and Thailand are also noteworthy. Both nations are currently in the midst of transitioning from a generics-dominated pharmaceutical model to investing in drug discovery and innovation. Vietnam, through the ministry of health’s Strategy for Pharmaceutical Industry Development to 2030, has committed to developing its domestic drug production capacity for high-tech and original medicines. The country is investing in biotechnology research, upgrading regulatory pathways and encouraging private-sector innovation through tax incentives and foreign partnerships. Thailand, similarly, has launched the Thailand Centre of Excellence for Life Sciences, aimed at fostering drug discovery, genomics and personalised medicine. Supported by both government funding and international partnerships, these efforts are positioning Thailand as an emerging hub for biomedical innovation in Southeast Asia.

Bangladesh doesn’t need to mimic these models dollar-for-dollar, but it can adapt the principles: de-risking early-stage R&D through government support, creating incentives for industry-academic partnerships and inviting its global scientific diaspora to co-develop solutions.

Why the time is now

A CONFLUENCE of factors — global patent expiries, geopolitical shifts in supply chains, the rise of AI driven drug discovery — makes 2025 the right moment for Bangladesh to act. Delaying this transition risks losing the window of opportunity to become a serious player in the global biopharmaceutical industry. Many of the country’s top pharmaceutical companies already operate facilities that are compliant with US FDA and EMA standards. This gives them the technical foundation to produce complex therapeutics.

By investing even a fraction of their capital into small, focused R&D teams, supported and guided by specialised expertise, these firms can begin to diversify. They do not need to compete with Big Pharma. Instead, by taking the first steps in drug discovery, they open pathways for future collaboration: knowledge transfer, co-development and shared innovation.

This is how innovation begins. The next decade will determine whether Bangladesh remains a manufacturer of medicines or becomes a creator of cures.

Rasiqh Wadud is principal investigator at the School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge. His research focuses on red blood cell physiology and drug discovery.​