[🇧🇩] UN investigation into enforced disappearances /deaths of students/citizens at the hands of security agencies

[Saif]

Security forces used helicopters to scare protesters, says UN report on July uprising

A United Nations report has said that Bangladesh’s security forces used helicopters to intimidate protesters and possibly deploy unlawful force during a student-led uprising against the government of then-prime minister Sheikh Hasina, citing evidence of human rights violations. The report, i

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Security forces used helicopters to scare protesters, says UN report on July uprising
FE ONLINE DESK
Published :
Feb 13, 2025 21:08
Updated :
Feb 13, 2025 21:10

A United Nations report has said that Bangladesh’s security forces used helicopters to intimidate protesters and possibly deploy unlawful force during a student-led uprising against the government of then-prime minister Sheikh Hasina, citing evidence of human rights violations.

The report, issued by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), stated that the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), police, and reportedly the Army’s aviation unit deployed helicopters in response to the protests. RAB’s black helicopters were particularly used to intimidate protesters and deploy force against them.

Citing senior officials, the report alleged that the-then home minister specifically demanded the deployment of more helicopters to scare protesters, following the example set by RAB. Army officers were also said to have directly informed the –then Prime Minister about the deployment of helicopters

According to eyewitness testimony cited in the report, tear gas was repeatedly deployed from RAB or police helicopters against groups of protesters in Mirpur (18 July), Mohakhali (18 July), Dhanmondi (18 and 19 July), Badda (19 July), Mohammadpur (19 July) 38 and Rampura (19 July), Shahbagh (19 July) and Bashundhara (19 July, 2 and 3 August) and Gazipur (20 July) and Jatrabari (20 and 21 July), as well as sound grenades in Rampura (18 July).

Witnesses also testified that they saw personnel on helicopters shooting rifles or shotguns loaded with lethal ammunition at protesters during the period of 19-21 July, including in Badda, Bashundhara, Gazipur, Jatrabari, Mirpur, Mohakhali, Mohammadpur, and Rampura.

The report highlighted an incident on 5 August in the Jamuna Future Park area, where one man was hit by a fragment of an armour-piercing bullet that was examined by OHCHR. The victim alleged that he was shot at from an olive-green helicopter.

The OHCHR observed that shooting firearms from a helicopter at crowds of protesters is inherently indiscriminate and therefore a violation of human rights standards, since—as also acknowledged by a former senior official—the weapons cannot be reliably aimed at particular individuals specifically posing an imminent threat of death or serious injury.

Bangladesh’s Inspector General of Police and the Director-General of RAB acknowledged that tear gas and sound grenades were dropped from helicopters but said there was no confirmed instance of firearms being used from the air.

Bangladesh’s Inspector General of Police and the Director-General of RAB acknowledged that RAB helicopters dropped tear gas and sound grenades on protesters but could not confirm that security forces shot firearms from RAB helicopters.

The OHCHR report noted that RAB reported firing 738 teargas shells, 190 sound grenades and 557 stun grenades from helicopters but asserted that it had not shot once with rifles or shotguns from helicopters.

The OHCHR said it had reviewed video footage showing tear gas launchers being fired from helicopters but could not verify reports of rifle or shotgun use. It noted that many shooting incidents allegedly occurred when mobile and broadband internet was shut down, limiting the circulation of footage.

The OHCHR mentioned that it had obtained and analysed a number of videos that showed personnel on RAB and police helicopters shooting tear gas from launchers. “These launchers can look like rifles or shotguns from a distance, but the tear gas grenade leaves a distinctive white smoke trail when the launcher is fired,” it added.

The UN agency said that it has not been able to obtain any videos clearly showing shooting from rifles or shotguns from helicopters. However, it should be noted that the shooting incidents reported by witnesses all occurred during periods when the government had fully shut down mobile and broadband Internet, and circulation of footage on social media or websites was not possible.

Based on the information obtained, the OHCHR said that it could neither confirm nor exclude the shooting of rifles or shotguns from helicopters. It suggested that some victims who were hit seemingly from above by projectiles may have been in fact hit by rifles fired from elevated positions, by projectiles fired into the air and that then fell down, or by projectiles that ricocheted or fragmented before they hit the victim.

The OHCHR called for further investigation, with the full cooperation of RAB, Police and Army, including the personnel they deployed on helicopters.​

 

[Saif]

How Hasina government planned to thwart 'March to Dhaka' on 5 August

Two high-level meetings were held on 4 August under the leadership of then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to prevent the 'March to Dhaka' program called by the anti-discrimination student movement on 5 August.

en.prothomalo.com

How Hasina government planned to thwart 'March to Dhaka' on 5 August
Prothom Alo Desk
Updated: 13 Feb 2025, 22: 20

Police shooting unarmed protesters in front of Jatrabari police station on 5 AugustTaken from OHCHR report

Two high-level meetings were held on 4 August under the leadership of then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to prevent the 'March to Dhaka' program called by the anti-discrimination student movement on 5 August.

A plan to counter the march was made in these meetings.

This information has emerged in the fact-finding report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) released on Wednesday.

The report depicts extrajudicial killings by the Awami League government in its final hours to suppress ‘March to Dhaka’ programme on 5 August. However, the OHCHR report names the programme as ‘March on Dhaka’.

The report states that public announcements by the protest leaders and information obtained by intelligence agencies gave Bangladesh’s political leadership the knowledge that the protest movement was planning a major protest march towards the centre of Dhaka on 5 August.

On the morning of 4 August, the then Prime Minister chaired a meeting of the National Security Council in which the chiefs of Army, Air Force, Navy, BGB, DGFI, NSI, Police and its Special Branch, and the Ministers of Home Affairs, Education and Foreign Affairs joined.

They discussed reimposing and enforcing a curfew to prevent the march.

"After the meeting, the Home Affairs Ministry declared that a strict curfew would continue indefinitely without breaks, while the Prime Minister issued a statement describing the protesters as terrorists appealing to countrymen to suppress these terrorists with a strong hand.”

A second meeting was held in the late evening of 4 August at the Prime Minister’s residence, attended by the Prime Minister herself, the Minister of Home Affairs, the heads of Army, Police, RAB, BGB and Ansar/VDP, the Principal Staff Officer of the Armed Forces Division and the Army’s Quartermaster General, among others.

"During the meeting, the Army Chief and other security officials reassured the Prime Minister that Dhaka could be held, according to senior officials."
A plan was agreed in which the Army and BGB would deploy alongside police to block protesters from accessing central Dhaka, if necessary by force. The Army and BGB were to block access routes into central Dhaka by deploying armoured vehicles and troops and not letting protesters pass, while the police was to “control mobs,” according to senior officials who participated in those meetings.

Consistent with these testimonies, at 12:55 am on 5 August, the former Director General of the Special Security Forces sent two consecutive WhatsApp messages to the Director-General of the BGB. According to hardcopies of those messages provided to OHCHR, the first message forwarded a broadcast message that appeared to be from protest leaders informing marchers on routes to take into central Dhaka. The second message appeared to contain a video outlining an order of battle, distinguishing a first and second line of defence, a third long-range unit, a backup unit and a rear guard, along with advice from protest leaders on how to circumvent these lines of defence.

"On the morning of 5 August, Army and BGB personnel largely stood by and did not implement their assigned roles in the plan. One senior official testified that the Army had not deployed the forces that it promised to deploy, while another noted that BGB let some 10,000-15,000 protesters per hour pass by entry points it was supposed to control."

A third senior official recounted how he knew that something was going wrong when he saw CCTV footage showing 500-600 protestors moving from Uttara towards central Dhaka without the Army stopping them. A fourth senior official personally called the Prime Minister to inform her that things were not going according to plan."

The OHCHR report states, police nevertheless still shot at protesters in many places with lethal ammunition, attempting to stop the “March on Dhaka” and prevent protesters from reaching the centre of the city. One police commander explained that “[t]he Army knew from early that day that Sheikh Hasina had fallen, but not the police. So the police were out there still defending the Government.”

OHCHR documented police shooting in several areas, all following the same pattern.

In Chankharpul, for example, Armed Police Battalion officers and other police shot lethal ammunition from rifles and used less-lethal weapons to stop protesters trying to march towards Shahbagh, with one witness 34 describing that “police were firing at anyone they saw.”

Police also fired metal shot and tear gas at protesters trying to cross Rampura bridge into Badda, injuring student protesters. Several gunshot victims from that area were admitted to hospital during the course of the morning.

A 12-year-old boy who was shot by police in Azampur said the police were “firing everywhere like rainfall” and described how he saw at least a dozen dead bodies in that location.

In Ashulia, police had initially set up checkpoints in an effort to deter and detain marchers. When more protesters showed up, the police used less-lethal weapons, at least initially, but then escalated to shotguns loaded with lethal metal pellets. One witness was wounded by metal pellets when he tried to aid other injured protesters. Awami League supporters also shot firearms at protesters.

Around Savar bus stand, police shot at crowds of marchers, killing and injuring a large number. One journalist talked to several police officers from the area, who told him that senior officers had forced them to deploy, but that ordinary police did not want to cause more casualties.

Another witness to shooting in the area also saw the body of a boy who had been killed on 5 August later that day and told OHCHR that 5 August was “the happiest day for us [protesters], but the saddest for the boy’s mother.”

On the morning of 5 August, police and Ansar at the Jatrabari Police Station received orders to shoot at protesters to protect the station and its officers. They fired rifles and shotguns loaded with lethal ammunition from positions within and around the station at large crowds of protesters who had mobilized for the March on Dhaka and were gathering near the police station. Some protesters were throwing bricks at the police, according to officials deployed at the scene. Several protesters were killed, and scores injured. Among the victims was an autistic man who was hit by two bullets.
Army units deployed in the area briefly de-escalated the situation in the early afternoon, but then withdrew. Shortly after, police reinitiated confrontations by throwing a sound grenade at protesters outside the station gate and then storming out in formation while shooting their rifles and shotguns.

Witness testimony, corroborated by videos, established that police officers intentionally shot and killed several unarmed protesters at close range as they were seeking cover or fleeing, while police were also shooting generally towards the crowd.

On the afternoon of 5 August, as crowds of people began celebrating Sheikh Hasina’s departure, some police were still shooting at them with lethal ammunition. Among the victims were several young children.

In Uttara, a 6-year-old boy was shot dead when his parents brought him to a “victory march,” as confirmed by witness testimony and medical records. Videos and photos showed moments of jubilation when rumours of the Prime Minister's resignation spread. However, chaos ensued with the sound of grenades and gunfire, causing them to flee. The child was shot in the thigh and later died in the hospital from his injuries. The witness did not see who shot the child but described a chaotic scene with security forces and people who resembled Awami League supporters by their attire throwing sound grenades. There was an Armed Police Battalion station located nearby, and the witness described how the officers had taken positions on the south, east and west of the protest march. He also witnessed other people being injured and collapsing on the street, including another boy who was shot in the head.

In Mirpur, one of those shot by security forces at a celebratory protest was a 12-year-old boy, according to witness testimony and corroborating medical information.

Police men piled the dead bodies into a van and set fire to the vehicle in Ashulia on 5 August Taken from OHCHR report

On the afternoon of 5 August in Gazipur, a 14-year-old boy was deliberately maimed - shot in the right hand during a largely peaceful protest of 5,000 to 6,000 participants. Witnesses stated that protesters were unarmed and posed no serious threat. The situation escalated when security forces began firing without warning. The crowd, blocking roads near Ansar Gate, panicked and fled.

Forensic evidence shows that the boy was shot at close range with shotgun pellets. The shooter aimed to punish him for allegedly throwing stones, saying, "You won’t use this hand to throw stones again." The victim suffered severe damage to his right hand, with over 40 shotgun pellets embedded and significant bone and tissue damage.

Another incident occurred in Gazipur, where police officers apprehended an unarmed rickshaw driver and shot him dead at close range. The police dragged the body away and never returned it, leaving the family unable to bury and mourn their loved one. The police officer who shot the man was arrested in September. A family member pleaded with OHCHR: “I want justice, independent investigations and the return of [the] body.”

In Ashulia, the situation escalated in the afternoon, when protesters targeted the Ashulia Police Station. A large crowd surrounded the station and, despite repeated attempts by the police to retreat, continued to advance, throwing bricks and debris. In response, police fired indiscriminately, using military rifles loaded with lethal ammunition.

While the police attempted to clear a path for their exit, the gunfire was random and appeared more aimed at intimidating the crowd rather than specifically targeting violent individuals. This resulted in injuries and fatalities among both protesters and bystanders. A 16-year-old student was critically injured in the spine by a bullet fired at close range, paralyzing him. On the order of senior police officials, police later piled the dead bodies of shooting victims into a van and set fire to the vehicle in the apparent hope that the burning of the bodies would create the false impression that the victims had been killed by protesters.​

 

[Saif]

সাভার গণহত্যা: হাসিনা পালানোর পরের ৬ ঘণ্টা

 

[Lulldapull]

This is very sad on whats going on in Bangladesh. We Pakistanis are the last people to say anything or get a comment in but if innocents were murdered for expressing their opinion, then it is unacceptable.

Keep in mind folks, Mr Assad in Syria asked Iran and Russia to leave, so both complied.......leaving him to his fate.

Lets hope Bangladesh don't become a jahil wahabbi hell hole like a CIA turned Syria might become soon.

 

[Sharma Ji]

This is very sad on whats going on in Bangladesh. We Pakistanis are the last people to say anything or get a comment in but if innocents were murdered for expressing their opinion, then it is unacceptable.

Keep in mind folks, Mr Assad in Syria asked Iran and Russia to leave, so both complied.......leaving him to his fate.

Lets hope Bangladesh don't become a jahil wahabbi hell hole like a CIA turned Syria might become soon.

Sandwitched between Myammar and Modi's India, they also becoming kattar.. a new species of wahabbi is emerging.

 

[Bilal9]

Sandwitched between Myammar and Modi's India, they also becoming kattar.. a new species of wahabbi is emerging.

I don't think Islamists (leave alone Wahhabis) get even 10% of the vote there.

Bangladeshis don't like extremists. Wearing Hijab or Topi does not mean they're all kattar. Only has fear of Allah.

People in Bangladesh don't wear their religion on their sleeves like in other Muslim countries, enforcing Islam at the expense of other religions.

Look at my Avatar, this is how most everyone feels.

Not like Indian situation. People won't get beat up for eating pig. Or for not converting to Islam.

More like Malaysia/Indonesia in that regard. Live - and let live tolerance for all religions.

 

[Lulldapull]

Sandwitched between Myammar and Modi's India, they also becoming kattar.. a new species of wahabbi is emerging.

Anytime there is muzlim fundus or jihadists or anyother type of religious harami, you can be sure that movement is covertly US/ Israel backed.

Everytime the head choppers, the talibunnies or da Al-Qaeda or Daesh or ISIS.......or the 'muzlim jihadist' attacks in western cities.......all these basturds are on the take.

Unfortunately sunni muzlim like Sawdi Judean or Al-Turkiyan or Al-Baqistani are promoting this western propaganda under the gun, or else they will get balkanized in short order.

Iran gets bad press for exposing this bullshiit.

 

[Sharma Ji]

Anytime there is muzlim fundus or jihadists or anyother type of religious harami, you can be sure that movement is covertly US/ Israel backed.

Everytime the head choppers, the talibunnies or da Al-Qaeda or Daesh or ISIS.......or the 'muzlim jihadist' attacks in western cities.......all these basturds are on the take.

Unfortunately sunni muzlim like Sawdi Judean or Al-Turkiyan or Al-Baqistani are promoting this western propaganda under the gun, or else they will get balkanized in short order.

Iran gets bad press for exposing this bullshiit.

What might the US gain from toppling Hasina in BD ?

They gone anti India and pro China..

 

[Lulldapull]

What might the US gain from toppling Hasina in BD ?

They gone anti India and pro China..

Dis da mystery Sharma........nobody can answer dis.......

who financed dis color revolution......

You tell me bhai.

There used to be 'old school' guy here and his thesis was that the west wants Christy X-Tian country ova there to angle in toward China's soft tribal guppu peepal underbelly.

Angling in via Afghanistan is hard now cuz Iran is controlling the talibunnies with food n fuel, and we in Pakistan will not act against China!

 

[Saif]

Horrific details of July massacre strengthen the cause of justice

UN report provides proof of Hasina’s own role in killing protesters

www.thedailystar.net

Horrific details of July massacre strengthen the cause of justice
UN report provides proof of Hasina’s own role in killing protesters

We welcome the long-awaited release of the fact-finding report of the United Nations Human Rights Office about the crimes and abuses committed by the Awami League government during the July-August uprising. And as expected, it provides conclusive proof of the systematic brutalities inflicted upon protesters as well as Sheikh Hasina's role in orchestrating them. This should put to rest any lingering attempts—domestic or international—to distort, downplay, or whitewash the atrocities the regime carried out in a desperate bid to retain power. The facts are now indisputable, so the path to justice should be clearer than ever before.

In its 114-page report, the UN, based on testimonies from senior security officials, confirms that Hasina herself ordered security forces to kill protesters. On July 19, she explicitly instructed them to "arrest the ringleaders of the protests, the troublemakers, kill them and hide their bodies." Her trusted lieutenant, then-home minister Asaduzzaman Khan, reinforced this directive in meetings with top security officials, ordering the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) to use lethal force. These instructions and consequent measures paved the path for the killing of as many as 1,400 people—including many children—in what the UN describes as "crimes against humanity." Other findings of the report are equally chilling.

In its 114-page report, the UN, based on testimonies from senior security officials, confirms that Hasina herself ordered security forces to kill protesters. On July 19, she explicitly instructed them to "arrest the ringleaders of the protests, the troublemakers, kill them and hide their bodies." Her trusted lieutenant, then-home minister Asaduzzaman Khan, reinforced this directive in meetings with top security officials, ordering the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) to use lethal force.

It states that protesters were shot at point-blank range and killed. It identifies the integrated role of at least seven security forces, including the Army, BGB, and RAB, as well as ruling party activists, who coordinated to arbitrarily harass, arrest, torture, and even execute protesters. The details provided by the report about these developments, and the roles played by both security and intelligence agencies, are shocking. The report also sheds light on the sexual violence committed against women protesters as part of a broader strategy to suppress dissent. It reveals that officers also obstructed medical care for injured protesters, intimidating doctors and pressuring them to falsify medical reports or deny treatment to victims. Forensic pathologists were forced to misclassify causes of death, erasing proof of extrajudicial killings. There were also frequent internet blackouts to disrupt protesters' ability to organise.

Following the unveiling of the report, the UN rights chief has rightly called for additional criminal investigations to determine the full extent of these violations. For now, it is only appropriate that the ongoing trials of former regime figures and officials incorporate these findings as evidence, which the chief prosecutor of the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) said they would. The UN, however, said it would not share evidence from its investigation with Bangladesh unless the trials meet international standards. There are certain issues that may stand in the way of a UN approval of the justice process, but we hope for the sake of the victims that those will be resolved soon. It is also vital that past crimes by the Awami regime, including enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions, are tried and those responsible held to account. The UN has made a number of recommendations in its report, which too must be seriously considered and acted on.​

 

[Saif]

Prolonged single-party rule politicised security sector in Bangladesh: UN

The prolonged single-party rule had steadily politicised Bangladesh’s state institutions that permeated the country’s entire security sector as well, since authorities preferred recruitment and promotion there to be based on perceived political loyalty instead of professionalism, the UN rights...

en.prothomalo.com

Prolonged single-party rule politicised security sector in Bangladesh: UN
BSS
Dhaka
Published: 17 Feb 2025, 22: 53

The prolonged single-party rule had steadily politicised Bangladesh’s state institutions that permeated the country’s entire security sector as well, since authorities preferred recruitment and promotion there to be based on perceived political loyalty instead of professionalism, the UN rights office report said.

“Fifteen years of rule by a single political party coincided with a steadily increasing politicisation of state institutions that has permeated the entire security sector,” read the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) fact finding report.

The OHCHR said, “Many police officers were recruited and promoted not on the grounds of professionalism, integrity and merit, but based on their perceived loyalty to, or affiliation with, the Awami League and the ruling Government it backed”.

The UN rights office last week released its report on human rights violation during the July-August, 2024 uprising in Bangladesh from its Geneva office last week where it dedicated a chapter on “politicisation of the security sector”.

The report said according to senior officials, the Directorate of Forces Intelligence (DGFI), National Security Intelligence (NSI) and police’s Special Branch (SB) were vetting each candidate for mid-level and higher positions based on the political party affiliation of the candidate and their relatives.

It noted that the then prime minister personally signed off on any appointments to a position of Deputy Inspector-General or higher and Awami League loyalists were strategically placed to control important units such as the Detective Branch in the metropolitan police forces.

OHCHR said the people concerned its fact finders talked highlighted that the relevance of political party affiliation in police appointments predated the former government and stems from the long-time absence of an independent body to manage police appointments and promotions.

The report said despite Bangladesh Army’s involvement in politics in the past through military coups and attempted coups “the Army is widely regarded as less politicised than other security forces.

But, it said, serving army officers and others with inside knowledge told OHCHR that the military had long been permeated by party politics, especially at the senior level.

The report said based on their perceived political loyalties, senior officers were promoted or placed in key positions in Dhaka and Army Headquarters, while officers seen as disloyal were denied promotion, placed in remote positions or, in some cases, illicitly pressured to leave the army.

“This facilitated abuse by the political party in power of not only the Army, but even more so the paramilitary forces and intelligence agencies, which were commanded by Army officers and which reported directly to the Prime Minister or Home Minister,” it read.

The UN fact finders observed that politicisation had driven a negative symbiotic relationship between the ruling party and the security sector.

“In exchange for suppressing challenges to the ruling party and not intervening in crimes by ruling party members, police and other security sector personnel could expect impunity for their own serious violations and acts of corruption,” the OHCHR reported.

It said criminal accountability for serious violations remained a rare exception to the generalised rule of impunity noting that since 2009, Bangladeshi civil society groups documented 2597 alleged extrajudicial killings and 708 enforced disappearances.

“RAB alone was implicated in over 800 alleged killings and some 220 disappearances. Yet, RAB officers have only been convicted of murder in a single case, in which one of the victims was an influential local Awami League official,” the report read.

According to the same civil society sources, it said, DGFI officials were allegedly involved in more than 170 of the alleged enforced disappearances, but not a single DGFI officer has been prosecuted.

Among others, the United Nations Committee against Torture has expressed concern about the widespread and routine commission of torture by law enforcement officials to obtain confessions or extort bribes.

The OHCHR said Bangladesh in 2013 passed a law called Torture and Custodial Death (Prohibition) Act but since then, at least 103 detainees were reportedly been tortured to death.

It said the government so far only reported 24 cases filed under the Act and in only one case were police officers convicted for torturing a person in their custody to death and “these patterns of impunity have become institutionalized and anchored in law”.​

 

[Saif]

Security forces, AL men abused female protesters during July uprising: UN

State security forces and armed Awami League (AL) supporters had abused girls and women sexually during the July uprising to deter their participation in the movement, according to a recent report of the United Nations (UN) rights office. "Physical assaults on female protesters often targeted spec

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Security forces, AL men abused female protesters during July uprising: UN
BSS
Published :
Feb 19, 2025 22:33
Updated :
Feb 19, 2025 22:33

State security forces and armed Awami League (AL) supporters had abused girls and women sexually during the July uprising to deter their participation in the movement, according to a recent report of the United Nations (UN) rights office.

"Physical assaults on female protesters often targeted specific body parts such as face, chest, pelvis, and buttocks, as the perpetrators aimed not only to inflict pain but also apparently sought to humiliate and degrade women specifically based on their gender," said the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) fact-finding report.

The Office of the OHCHR released its Fact-Finding Report titled "Human Rights Violations and Abuses related to the Protests of July and August 2024 in Bangladesh" from its Geneva office on February 12.

The report revealed that the violence targeting female protesters was often gender-based in its aims and means, reflecting abusive patterns specifically directed against women and girls.

Scrutinising interlocutors, it found that the perpetrators conducted gender-based violence as a tool to deter women's participation, undermine female leadership within the movement, and reinforce entrenched patriarchal norms.

Physical violence was routinely accompanied by gender-based insults, with female protestors frequently labelled as "whores," "*&*&*&*&*&," and "prostitutes," among other such degrading terms.

The OHCHR highlighted that AL and Chhatra League men and police officers frequently issued verbal threats of rape, forced nudity, and other forms of sexual violence against women.

The UN rights agency claimed that it received credible victim accounts of assaults by the AL supporters involving physical sexual violence.

In one case, a group of men armed with bamboo sticks apprehended a woman in early August in Dhaka and questioned her whether she was a protester.

After searching her bag and phone and finding a Bangladeshi flag, they physically assaulted her, tearing her hair, ripping her shirt, and groping her breasts and buttocks while scratching her chest and hurling sexualised insults, according to the UN fact-finding report.

It showed that two Chhatra League supporters, in another case that occurred in July in Dhaka, threatened to rape a female protester, her mother, and all the women in her family, and physically assaulted her, including by groping her breasts and genitals while making sexually explicit remarks.

After the incident, the victim received threatening calls with further threats of rape against her and other family members.

Witnesses also reported Chhatra League men assaulting several women in Cumilla, including two female students whom they apprehended and groped before handing them over to the police the report read.

Victims in Bangladesh often refrain from reporting sexual violence due to the lack of effective state reporting mechanisms, fear of retaliation from perpetrators, especially if they are in law enforcement, and the pervasive social stigma.

They also often do not receive medical, psychosocial and legal services they require, and then, if they are willing to report, they are not sufficiently protected, respected and given agency, the UN rights body observed.

The OHCHR considered it therefore likely that substantially more incidents occurred than could be documented by it, and strongly recommended that sexual and gender-based violence be a particular focus for further, gender-sensitive investigation.​