[🇮🇳] India's Space Program

[Saif]

Date of Event: Dec 25, 2024

Source : https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/sci-tech/indias-push-for-home-grown-satellite-constellation-gets-30-aspirants Short Summary: Monitoring the development of India's space program

India’s push for home-grown satellite constellation gets 30 aspirants
REUTERS
Published :
Dec 24, 2024 21:39
Updated :
Dec 24, 2024 21:39

A satellite model is placed on a picture of Earth in this illustration taken November 25, 2024. Photo : REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/Files

Thirty Indian companies have answered the space regulator’s call to build and operate constellations of Earth observation (EO) satellites in a groundbreaking private-public partnership to reduce the country’s reliance on foreign data for defense, infrastructure management and other critical mapping needs.

“We have received 9 applications ... Each applicant represents a consortium, involving a total of 30 companies,” said Pawan Goenka, chairman of the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre, or IN-SPACe.

The regulator had sought “expressions of interest” (EoI) in July to build home-grown satellite constellations as part of a broader strategy to monetize the sector and ensure data sovereignty.

India is doubling down on its small satellite and data services market to carve out a leading role in the global commercialization of space. The market for such services, increasingly key for industries ranging from telecoms to climate monitoring, is projected to reach $45 billion by 2030, opens new tab.

The applicants for IN-SPACe’s latest effort in this regard include startups such as Google-backed Pixxel and Baring Private Equity-backed SatSure, as well as larger entities like Tata Group’s Tata Advanced Systems. The companies did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Goenka said he expects technical evaluations to be completed by the end of January, after which a tender will be floated to determine the winning bidder.

IN-SPACe’s eligibility criteria include applicants raising or investing at least 850 million rupees ($10 million) in space-related activities, having a valuation of 8.5 billion rupees, or a turnover of 2 billion rupees in the past three years.

They must also set up spacecraft control centres in India or partner with ground station service providers for operational needs.

The government plans to loan up to 3.5 billion to the winner, with private companies expected to cover the remaining costs, according to a source familiar with the matter.

Since opening the sector to private players in February, India has established a 10-billion-rupee venture fund to support space startups.

The country has also unveiled ambitious plans for crewed space exploration and a mission to Venus, but the primary focus remains on fostering commercial ventures and scaling up private sector participation.

India currently sources much of its EO data from foreign companies and agencies like the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

IIFCL Projects Ltd, an advisory arm under the Ministry of Finance, is overseeing the bidding process.​

 

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@Vsdoc @Krishna with Flute @Sharma Ji

 

[Krishna with Flute]

ISRO is steadily marching ahead. India already has regional constellation in form of GAGAN , a 7 satellites Constellation . Not at all difficult to have our own constellation. With GSLV MK 3 , a dozen of satellites can be launched in one go.

 

[Krishna with Flute]

Explained: ISRO can now restart its 'CE20' Cryogenic engine in space​

Story by Sidharth MP
• 2d • 4 min read

Explained: ISRO can now restart its 'CE20' Cryogenic engine in space
Recently, the Indian space agency (ISRO) successfully conducted a crucial test that will enable its largest rocket LVM3 to inject satellites into orbits at different altitudes, all in a single mission. This restart capability is made possible due to the development of a 'multi-element ignitor' that can help restart the 'CE-20' Cryogenic engine that sits atop the LVM3 rocket. During this test, both the engine and facility performance were normal, and the required engine performance parameters were achieved as anticipated, ISRO said.

As the final stage of the LVM3 rocket, it is the Cryogenic engine that is responsible for placing satellites into different designated orbits(altitudes) in space. This capability improves the operational flexibility and commercial potential of a rocket.

When ferrying multiple satellites, it is crucial to have the capability to restart the final stage engine. That way, a single rocket can place multiple satellites in different orbits in an efficient manner, thereby avoiding the need for multiple rockets and multiple launches. In this case, ISRO tested only the first element of the multi-element ignitor, while monitoring the health of the other two elements. Eventually, ISRO would be able to perform two or three re-starts of the cryogenic engine.

PSLV has done several missions where it has placed multiple satellites in different orbits. For example, in April 2019, India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), in its 47th mission (PSLV-C45), launched EMISAT, the primary satellite and 28 international customer satellites. The primary Satellite was injected into a 749 km orbit, followed by two fourth-stage restarts to achieve a 504 km orbit, where all customer satellites were injected. Subsequently, the fourth stage was restarted again to achieve a 485km orbit to serve as an orbital platform to carry out space-borne experimentation.



Also read: ISRO simulates space conditions for astronauts in 'Habitat-1'. Here's what it is

Significantly, this latest Cryogenic engine restart test was carried out using a specialised test apparatus. Typically, ISRO tests the Cryogenic engine at a High Altitude Test Facility, which simulates space-like vacuum conditions. However, the High Altitude Test is a highly sophisticated process and it has certain technical limitations.

"While the Cryogenic engine is meant to fire in space for 200-300 seconds, we are only able to test fire it for a maximum of 25 seconds at the ISRO High Altitude Test Facility. This 25 seconds is just a fraction of the engine's actual burn time. Therefore, we devised a unique method to test fire the Cryogenic engine for its actual burn time. Known as a Sea Level test, this method is typically unsuitable for testing Cryogenic engines, but we introduced some new techniques that helped us test the Cryogenic engine successfully at normal earth-like conditions," Dr. V. Narayanan, Director of ISRO's Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre explained to WION.



We devised a Nozzle Protection System that has paved the way for a cost-effective and less complex procedure for acceptance testing of cryogenic engines.

Also read: Explained: European Space Agency to help India 'see and speak' to Gaganyaan

How ISRO launched 36 satellites using LVM3, before having re-start capability​

In October 2022 and March 2023, the LVM3 performed commercial missions for the private firm OneWeb (now Eutelsat OneWeb), launching 36 satellites during each mission. While ISRO had not developed the Cryogenic engine re-start technology back then, ISRO made use of Cold Gas thrusters to deftly move the Cryogenic stage of the rocket to safely place all satellites in their respective slots.

"The remaining liquid hydrogen in the Cryogenic fuel tank was used to manoeuvre the upper stage in a manner in which we could eject all 36 satellites in their designated orbital slots. This is known as a cold gas thruster because there is no fuel burning involved. This method provides small amounts of thrust that can help achieve minor variations in the orbit and attitude(orientation) of the rocket stage. This is used in some satellites as well, due to its safe and simple operation," Dr. S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of ISRO's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre explained to WION.


So far, only the SSLV(smallest rocket) and PSLV(workhorse rocket) had the upper stage re-start capability. Now, the LVM3 also has this capability and it goes on to further enhance the commercial potential of our largest rocket, he added.

About the 'CE 20' Cryogenic engine​

A cryogenic engine is among the most efficient and complex rocket propulsion systems. Cryogenic engines typically make use of liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2). The former liquefies at -183 degrees Celsius, the latter liquifies at -253 degree Celsius. The complex storage requirements for these super-cooled propellants make cryogenic engines more challenging to design and operate compared to conventional engines.

Also read: India's space agency ISRO launches Proba-3 mission satellites

The indigenous CE20 cryogenic engine developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre of ISRO is powering the upper stage of the LVM3 launch vehicle and has been qualified to operate at a thrust level of 19 tonnes.


This engine has successfully powered the upper stage of six LVM3 missions so far. Recently, the engine was qualified for the Gaganyaan mission with a thrust level of 20 tonnes and also to an upgrated thrust level of 22 tonnes for the future C32 stage, towards enhancing the payload capability of the LVM3 launch vehicle.

MSN

 

[Krishna with Flute]

ISRO To Launch Its SpaDeX Mission From Sriharikota On December 30​

20h • 2 min read

ISRO To Launch Its SpaDeX Mission From Sriharikota On December 30
New Delhi: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch its year-end mission, "Space Docking Experiment" (SpaDeX), on Monday at 9:58 pm from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR in Sriharikota. The mission will use PSLV-C60.

About The SpaDeX Mission

As per the ISRO, the primary objective of the SpaDeX mission is to develop and demonstrate the technology needed for rendezvous, docking, and undocking of two small spacecraft (SDX01, which is the Chaser, and SDX02, the Target, nominally) in a low-Earth circular orbit.




"In addition, SpaDeX, because of its small size and mass, is even more challenging due to the finer precision required for the rendezvous and docking maneuvers compared to docking two large spacecraft. This mission will be a forerunner for autonomous docking needed for future lunar missions like Chandrayaan-4 without the support of GNSS from Earth," ISRO said in a statement.

Who Was Vikram Sarabhai? Know All About The Man Behind Indian Space Programme, ISRO

Like all ISRO satellites in low-Earth orbit, both the SpaDeX spacecraft carry a differential GNSS-based Satellite Positioning System (SPS), which provides PNT (Position, Navigation, and Timing) solutions for the satellites.

"In SpaDeX, a novel RODP processor is included in the SPS receiver, which allows accurate determination of the relative position and velocity of the Chaser and the Target. By subtracting the carrier phase measurements from the same GNSS satellites in both Chaser and Target SPS receivers, highly accurate relative states of the two satellites are determined. The VHF/UHF transceivers in both satellites aid this process by transferring the GNSS satellite measurements from one satellite to the other. Hardware and software test beds, including closed-loop verifications, were carried out to characterise the RODP performance," the statement said.


Related video: ISRO’s SpaDEX Mission: ISRO’s Space docking mission set for groundbreaking launch (The Economic Times)

 

[Saif]

India successfully launches its first space docking mission

The mission, christened SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment), is a pioneering mission to establish India's capability in orbital docking, a key technology for future human spaceflight, bringing back lunar soil and landing a manned mission on the moon and set up a space station, the national space...

www.thedailystar.net

India successfully launches its first space docking mission

Photo: Courtesy/ISRO

India tonight successfully launched a critical space mission aimed at demonstrating for the first time its ability to join two satellites in space. If successful, this feat would make India the fourth country to possess the technology after the US, Russia, and China.

The mission, christened SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment), is a pioneering mission to establish India's capability in orbital docking, a key technology for future human spaceflight, bringing back lunar soil and landing a manned mission on the moon and set up a space station, the national space agency said.

"PSLV-C60 successfully launches SpaDeX and 24 payloads," Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh tweeted on the microblogging site of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) after the rocket's liftoff from Sriharikota space port in Andhra Pradesh, about 110km from Chennai, at around 10:00pm local time.

Four minutes later, Singh announced "successful separation of SpaDeX satellites" and said it "marks another milestone in India's space journey."

SpaDeX mission is a cost-effective technology demonstrator mission for the demonstration of in-space docking using two small spacecraft.

The Spadex mission will see two satellites Chaser and Target align in the same orbit, reduce distance between each other, join and transfer electrical power between them, and then separate. After they separate, payloads on board both the satellites will continue to function for two years.

This technology is essential for India's space ambitions such as Indian on the moon, bringing back sample of soil from moon, the building and operation of India's space station.

In-space docking technology is also essential when multiple rocket launches are required to achieve common mission objectives.

Through today's mission, India is marching towards becoming the fourth country in the world to have space docking technology after the US, Russia and China, according to ISRO​

 

[Saif]

ISRO says it germinated seed in microgravity conditions in spacecraft

The cowpea seeds were sent on the PS-4 Orbital Experiment Module (POEM-4) mission on December 30 and have germinated in the near zero-gravity conditions in just four days and enclosed the surroundings of space

www.thedailystar.net

ISRO says it germinated seed in microgravity conditions in spacecraft

Photo: ISRO

India's space agency today said it has successfully germinated cowpea seeds in microgravity conditions in a craft sent to space.

The cowpea seeds were sent on the PS-4 Orbital Experiment Module (POEM-4) mission on December 30 and have germinated in the near zero-gravity conditions in just four days and enclosed the surroundings of space.

The experiment demonstrated progress in understanding how plants grow in space conditions, the Indian Space Research Organisation tweeted.

"Life sprouts in space! VSSC's CROPS (Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies) experiment onboard PSLV-C60 POEM-4 successfully sprouted cowpea seeds in 4 days. Leaves expected soon," said #ISRO #BiologyInSpace.

ISRO Chairman S Somnath told NDTV that the cowpea germination is a maiden attempt to try and understand how life works in space.

The POEM module is carrying two other live biology experiments that will try to grow spinach cells and gut bacteria.

The research involved eight cowpea seeds placed in a regulated closed-box setting with precise temperature control, establishing essential groundwork for agricultural studies beyond the earth, ISRO said.

The system includes high-definition cameras, sensors for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, humidity detectors, temperature monitors and soil moisture measuring devices.

The germination of cowpea seeds offers significant potential for future space expeditions, particularly for extended missions and establishing human settlements on other celestial bodies.​

 

[Krishna with Flute]

ISRO Lives up to its expectation. Releases the video of Capturing Space debris by its SPEDEX.

Video: Isro demonstrates tethered debris capture in space​

Story by India Today Science Desk
• 12h • 2 min read

Video: Isro demonstrates tethered debris capture in space
The Indian Space Research Organization (Isro) on Monday released a video which showed a sophisticated robotic arm of its SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) mission capturing tethered debris in space using visual servoing, motion prediction, and a parallel end-effector for precise manipulation.

Following the successful demonstration of tethered debris capture, the robotic manipulator will now be capable of capturing free-floating debris in the space environment and refuelling tethered and free-floating spacecraft.

The Debris Capture Robotic Manipulator (DC-RM), developed by Isro's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), features seven movable joints and can relocate itself on the PS4-Orbital Experiment Module (POEM-4) platform using an inchworm-like mechanism.

Its design includes advanced robotic joints, arm controllers, grappling mechanisms, cameras for precise movement, and obstacle-avoidance software powered by a high-performance processor.


One of the primary goals of the experiment is to demonstrate the robotic arm's ability to operate over a large area in orbit. It also serves as a step toward developing robotic technologies for future missions, including India's planned space station, the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).

The arm's functions are expected to include visual inspection, end-to-end movement, cable-free operations, and remote task execution using a "digital twin" model.

In addition to robotic advancements, the SpaDeX mission is designed to showcase autonomous rendezvous and docking capabilities. This involves controlling one spacecraft using the Attitude Control System of another in a docked configuration.

These technologies aim to support future manned and deep-space missions by enhancing Isro's operational capabilities in space.

Earlier in the day, Isro achieved another remarkable milestone with its Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies (CROPS) aboard the PSLV-C60 mission after the cowpea seeds sent into space successfully sprouted their first leaves.

CROPS experiment was launched aboard the PSLV-C60 mission on December 30, 2024 to study how plants adapt and grow in the distinctive conditions of space, paving the way for advancements in space agriculture and long-term human space exploration.


Related video: SpaDeX Chaser captures Earth from space as Isro preps for docking next week, watch! (The Economic Times)

The Economic Times
SpaDeX Chaser captures Earth from space as Isro preps for docking next week, watch!

 

[Krishna with Flute]

Isro to dock SpaDeX satellites on Tuesday, epic space chase in final phase​

Story by India Today Science Desk
• 1d • 2 min read

India's ambitious Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) mission is poised for a historic milestone as its two satellites, the Chaser and Target, prepare to dock in orbit on January 7, 2025.

This mission marks a significant advancement in India's space capabilities, positioning the country among an elite group of nations capable of executing on-orbit docking operations.

Launched on December 30, 2024, the SpaDeX satellites are currently engaged in a carefully orchestrated sequence to close the distance between them.

Initially separated by approximately 20 kilometers, the satellites are gradually reducing this gap through precise maneuvers.

According to M. Sankaran, Director at the UR Rao Satellite Centre, the onboard propulsion systems will be activated to maintain and then decrease this distance to facilitate a successful docking.




The docking process involves intricate coordination, with the satellites set to communicate via an inter-satellite radio frequency link once they are within 5 kilometers of each other.

This communication will allow them to exchange vital data regarding their positions and orientations, crucial for the final approach. The docking mechanism itself is designed to execute a "hugging" action, ensuring a secure connection between the two spacecraft.

Spadex
This mission is not just a technical demonstration; it represents years of research and development. The concept dates back to 1989, but it gained momentum after project approval in 2016.

Extensive testing has been conducted to validate the docking mechanisms and sensors required for this operation.


Related video: SpaDeX Chaser captures Earth from space as Isro preps for docking next week, watch! (The Economic Times)
SpaDeX Chaser captures Earth from space as Isro preps for docking next week, watch!


Successful completion of the SpaDeX mission would not only demonstrate India's growing prowess in space technology but also lay the groundwork for future endeavors such as satellite servicing and the establishment of India's planned space station, Bharatiya Antariksha Station.

As noted by Union Minister Jitendra Singh, India is set to become the fourth country globally to achieve such advanced docking capabilities.

With the countdown underway, all eyes are on ISRO as it prepares for this landmark event that could redefine India's role in global space exploration.

MSN

 

[Krishna with Flute]

Drift arrested, SpaDeX satellites under control; minister reviews Isro progress​

Story by Chethan Kumar
• 19h • 2 min read

Drift arrested, SpaDeX satellites under control; minister reviews Isro progress
BENGALURU: A day after a drift between satellites caused Isro to postpone its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) for the second time, the space agency has managed to put the spacecraft in a slow drift course.

“...The drift has been arrested and spacecrafts put in a slow drift course to move closer to each other. By tomorrow (Jan 10), it is expected to reach initialisation conditions,” Isro said Thursday.



The space agency, however, did not confirm if it will attempt the docking on Friday or on a later date.

Earlier in the day, Union minister Jitendra Singh, Minister of State for Space, met with senior Isro officials — including chairman S Somanath and chairman-designate V Narayanan — to discuss the space agency's ambitious upcoming missions for early 2025.

Isro has outlined an aggressive launch schedule for the first half of 2025, including two GSLV missions, a commercial LVM3 launch, and the crucial first uncrewed test of the Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme.

Leading the calendar is the GSLV-F15 mission, scheduled for late Jan. This mission will deploy the NVS-02 navigation satellite, enhancing India’s NavIC constellation. The satellite features indigenously developed atomic clocks and new L1 band signal capabilities, with launch vehicle integration currently in advanced stages at Sriharikota.


Related video: Watch: The Moment ISRO's SpaDex Lifted Off Towards 'Antariksh Station' (Republic World)
Watch: The Moment ISRO's SpaDex Lifted Off Towards 'Antariksh Station'
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“A major highlight is the upcoming Isro-Nasa collaboration Nisar (Nasa-Isro Synthetic Aperture RADAR) mission, to be launched aboard GSLV-F16. This advanced microwave remote sensing satellite will provide comprehensive Earth observation data every 12 days, particularly valuable for monitoring agriculture, earthquakes, and landslides,” a government statement read.

March 2025 will see the commercial LVM3-M5 mission launching BlueBird Block-2 satellites for US firm AST SpaceMobile Inc., under an agreement with NewSpace India Limited (NSIL).
For more news like this visit TOI. Get all the Latest News, City News, India News, Business News, and Sports News. For Entertainment News, TV News, and Lifestyle Tips visit Etimes

 

[Saif]

Indian space agency achieves satellite docking milestone

A satellite model is placed on a picture of Earth in this illustration taken Nov 25, 2024. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration India became the world’s fourth nation on Thursday to achieve the feat of space docking, a technological milestone that underscores its ambitions to expand its share of

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Indian space agency achieves satellite docking milestone
REUTERS
Published :
Jan 16, 2025 21:45
Updated :
Jan 16, 2025 21:45

A satellite model is placed on a picture of Earth in this illustration taken Nov 25, 2024. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration

India became the world’s fourth nation on Thursday to achieve the feat of space docking, a technological milestone that underscores its ambitions to expand its share of a rapidly growing $400-billion global space market.

Target and Chaser, two satellites of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) that are each roughly the size of a large refrigerator, successfully latched onto each other at about 9 a.m. (0330 GMT), an agency spokesperson said.

The indigenous technology, crucial for satellite servicing, space station operations, and interplanetary missions, positions India for a key role in commercial and exploratory space efforts.

“India has ambitious missions planned and to achieve those, this is an important technology,” astrophysicist Jayant Murthy said.

“Various missions, like building a space station, need assembly in space, which is not possible without space docking.”

ISRO said the two satellites participating in its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX), will now be controlled as a single object, with power transfer checks made in the next few days.

The mission had been postponed twice, first because the docking process needed further validation through ground simulations, and then to resolve an issue stemming from excess drift between the satellites.

SpaDeX, launched on Dec 30 from India’s main spaceport, deployed the satellites in orbit with an Indian-made rocket.

Among 24 payloads and experiments were eight cowpea seeds, sent to space to study plant growth in microgravity conditions, which germinated within four days of the mission’s launch.

Scientists say this is a critical step demonstrating that food can eventually be grown in space during long missions.

The mission will also demonstrate the transfer of electric power between docked spacecraft, key to applications such as in-space robotics, composite spacecraft control and payload operations after undocking.

Such techniques are essential for missions requiring multiple rocket launches.

Space exploration and commercialisation is a key part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s efforts to position India as a global superpower.

The successful SpaDeX mission “is a significant stepping stone for India’s ambitious space missions in the years to come,” Modi said on X.

On Thursday, India approved the setting-up of a third launch pad in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, to be completed in four years at a cost of 39.85 billion rupees ($461 million), giving a further boost to its space plans.

ISRO is focused on deep-space exploration and enabling private companies to commercialise the sector, with projects ranging from solar studies to orbital astronaut missions and planetary defence, in collaboration with NASA.

With the global commercial space market expected to reach $1 trillion by 2030, India aims to grow its share to $44 billion by 2040, up from $8 billion, or a slice of just 2 percent, now.​

 

[Krishna with Flute]

Big boost for ISRO's space station, Moon mission: Govt approves construction of third launchpad at Sriharikota​

Big boost for ISRO's space station, Moon mission: Govt approves construction of third launchpad at Sriharikota
In a major boost for its future deep space missions, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is going to get a third launch pad at Sriharikota.

The Union Cabinet on January 16 approved the construction of third launchpad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.


This new facility will serve as a crucial redundancy measure and support ISRO’s ambitious future missions, including the New Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) programme.

India’s space capabilities will see a major advancement as the NGLV is expected to replace some launch vehicles with enhanced features, including modularity, greater payload capacity, and reusability.

What is NGLV programme

The Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) is a programme by the ISRO to develop a new rocket to launch satellites, spacecraft and other payloads. The NGLV is also known as the Soorya Rocket.

What’s the goal of NGLV programme

The NGLV will help India establish and operate the Bharatiya Antariksh Station. It will help India land a crew on the moon by 2040 apart from launching communication satellites, exploring deep space and transporting cargo.

What are the features of the NGLV


Related video: ISRO to build 3rd rocket launchpad at Sriharikota (WION)
the Sathish Dhawan Space Center at Sriharikota in the state
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WION
ISRO to build 3rd rocket launchpad at Sriharikota
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• The NGLV will be 93 meters tall, which is almost 21 meters taller than the Qutab Minar.
• It will have a robust design that allows for bulk manufacturing and modularity. The
• booster stages will use semi-cryogenic propulsion, which uses refined kerosene as fuel and liquid oxygen (LOX) as oxidizer.

What’s the timeline

The Union Cabinet approved the NGLV programme on September 18, 2024. The development phase is expected to take 96 months (8 years). The NGLV is expected to be completed by 2032.

This programme is likely to help India build a space station by 2035 and achieve a crewed landing mission on the Moon by 2040.

The NGLV aims to strengthen India’s position in the global space industry by lowering the cost of launches by reusing recovered components and offering enhanced capacity for carrying heavier payloads into orbits.

At present India has these active launch vehicles — Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk-III (LVM3).



According to the government, the NGLV will have “three times the payload carrying capacity at 1.5 times the cost compared to LVM3”. A sum of Rs 8,239 crore has been allocated by the Centre in its approval for the development of NGLV which will be completed by 2032.

 

[Krishna with Flute]

ISRO successfully demonstrates Vikas engine restart; flags off LVM3 for commercial operations​

1d • 2 min read

For representational purposes
BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Saturday announced that the team of research scientists had successfully completed the demonstration of the restart of the Vikas Liquid Engines on January 17.

The tests were done at the ISRO Propulsion Complex at Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu.


Vikas engine is the workhorse engine that powers the liquid stages of all the launch vehicles. The test marks a milestone in the development of technologies for recovery of stages, leading to reusability in future launch vehicles, a press release from ISRO read.

The scientists explained that a series of tests are carried out to validate the restarting of the engine under different conditions. During the test, the engine is on for 60 seconds and then it is shut-off for a period of 120 seconds, after this it is restarted and fired for a seven seconds duration.

“All engine parameters during the test were found to be normal and as expected. Earlier, a short duration restart test was successfully done in December 2024 with a shut-off time of 42 seconds and firing duration of seven seconds. More tests are planned in the coming days to optimise the performance of the engine under restart conditions,” ISRO added.


ISRO flags off LVM for commercial operations

ISRO on Saturday informed that the its Chairman V Narayanan flagged off the launch off the core liquid stage (L110) Launch Vehicle Marck-3 (LVM3) at Sriharikota on January 17. This is the 10th L110 liquid stage integrated at ISRO’s Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

It is earmarked for the LVM3 mission under a commercial agreement between NSIL and AST and Science, LLC to launch their BlueBird Block-2 satellite. The L110 was designed and developed by Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre during the development of the LVM3 launch vehicle and is powered by twin Vikas engines with a propellant loading of 110 tones.

 

[Krishna with Flute]

Isro ships crew module for first uncrewed Gaganyaan mission​

Story by India Today Science Desk
• 18h • 1 min read

Isro ships crew module for first uncrewed Gaganyaan mission
In a milestone, the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) has dispatched the Crew Module for the first uncrewed mission of Gaganyaan (G1). The Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) completed the integration of the liquid propulsion system on Tuesday (January 21).

The Crew Module Propulsion System (CMPS) is a bi-propellant based Reaction Control System (RCS) and is meant for precise three-axis control (Pitch, Yaw and Roll) of crew module.

Piramal AranyaPiramal aranya OC Received

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The control will come into play following separation of service module during the descent and re-entry phase until the deployment of parachute-based deceleration system.

This system employs 12 thrusters, each with a 100N capacity, along with a pressurisation system with high pressure gas bottles and the propellant feed system along with the associated fluid control components.

Furthermore, the Crew Module Uprighting System (CMUS) designed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) was also integrated to the module at LPSC.

Subsequently, the Crew Module will undergo further integration operations including avionics package assembly, electrical harnessing and checks at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) before dispatching to Bengaluru's U R Rao Satellite Centre for the final phase of integration of the Orbital Module.

Gaganyaan is poised not only to showcase India's growing expertise in space exploration but also to inspire a new era of scientific innovation.




Related video: Indian Cabinet approves a third launchpad at ISRO's Sriharikotav (WION)
at its Rose Space boat, the Satish Dhawan Space Center

MSN

 

[Krishna with Flute]

Isro rolls out GSLV-F15 on launch pad with NVS-02: All you need to know​

Story by India Today Science Desk
• 2h • 2 min read

The Indian Space Research Organisation has rolled out the s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) on the launchpad with the NVS-02 Satellite, part of the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC).

The GSLV-F15 mission will launch on January 29, 2025 from the Second Launch Pad (SLP) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR and place the NVS-02 satellite into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit.

This will be the eighth operational flight of the GSLV with an indigenous Cryogenic stage and the 100th Launch from India's Spaceport Sriharikota.

GSLV-F15 on the launch pad. (Photo: Isro)

WHAT IS NVS-02? ​

NVS-02 is the second satellite in India's new generation of navigation satellites, part of the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system.

NavIC is India's regional satellite navigation system, designed to provide accurate positioning, velocity, and timing information for users in India and nearby regions, up to 1,500 km beyond India.


NVS-02 will help improve NavIC's services, which are used for navigation, precision agriculture, emergency services, fleet management, and even mobile device location services. It carries an advanced navigation payload operating in three frequency bands (L1, L5, and S) to ensure high accuracy. It also has a precise atomic clock called the Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard (RAFS) for accurate timekeeping.

The satellite will replace an older NavIC satellite, IRNSS-1E, and be positioned at 111.75°E in orbit.

Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) is India's independent regional navigation satellite system. (Photo: Isro)
Weighing 2,250 kg, NVS-02 has a power capacity of around 3 kW and uses both indigenous and imported atomic clocks for better accuracy. By incorporating new L1 band signals, NVS-02 improves NavIC's compatibility with global navigation systems, ensuring wider adoption and better service.

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The NVS-02 satellite has been meticulously designed, developed, and integrated at the U R Satellite Centre (URSC).

After completing the Assembly and Integrated Testing (AIT), the satellite underwent a rigorous thermal vacuum (thermovac) test during November-December 2024. This test was conducted to verify and validate its design and performance in a simulated space environment, ensuring it could operate effectively under the harsh conditions of space.

In December 2024, the satellite was subjected to a dynamic test to confirm its ability to withstand the mechanical loads anticipated during launch. This critical test validated the structural integrity of the satellite and its readiness for deployment into orbit.


One noteworthy point here is that Indian GSLV Mk2 rocket is considered to be 2000 k.g geo payload capable but same is being used to put 2250 KG in geo unlike China which inflates the payload carrying by comparing Geo payload of other rockets with Leo payload of Chinese rockets. India is all set to double the payload of all her vehicles.

 

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GSLV-F15 Rocket Integration Complete, Ready For Launch On Jan 29, ISRO Says​

Story by PTI
• 12h • 2 min read

Bengaluru, Jan 26 (PTI) ISRO on Sunday said integration of its rocket GSLV-F15 with satellite NVS-02 is complete.

The GSLV-F15 rocket with Indigenous cryogenic stage is ready to be launched on January 29, with the satellite NVS-02 on board, the space agency said. This will be the 100th mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, "GSLV-F15 integration complete! Take a sneak peek at the incredible teamwork behind this mission: Countdown: Less than 3 days to launch! Join us as we unlock new frontiers," the agency said in a post on social media 'X'.

Piramal AranyaPiramal aranya OC Received

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GSLV-F15 will place the NVS-02 satellite into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit and the launch will take place from the Second Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, said ISRO.

NVS-01, the first of the second-generation satellites, was launched on board GSLV-F12 on May 29, 2023.

NVS-02, the second satellite in the NVS series, is configured with navigation payload in L1, L5 and S bands in addition to ranging payload in C-band like its predecessor-NVS-01, ISRO said.

According to ISRO, Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) is India's independent regional navigation satellite system designed to provide accurate Position, Velocity and Timing (PVT) service to users in India as well as the region extending about 1,500 km beyond the Indian landmass, which is its primary service area.

NVS-01/02/03/04/05 are envisaged to augment the NavIC base layer constellation with enhanced features for ensuring continuity of services, added ISRO.


Related video: ISRO's SpaDeX Mission: India Docks Satellites In Space, Enters Elite Club Of Nations (WION)

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The space agency said NVS-02 uses a combination of indigenous and procured atomic clocks for precise time estimation.

NVS-02 satellite was designed, developed and integrated at the U R Satellite Centre (URSC) with the support of other satellite-based work centres, it added.

GSLV-F15 is the 17th flight of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and the 11th flight with the Indigenous Cryo stage, said ISRO . It is also the eighth operational flight of GSLV with an indigenous Cryogenic stage, it added.

(This report has been published as part of the auto-generated syndicate wire feed. Apart from the headline, no editing has been done in the copy by ABP Live.)

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Countdown for ISRO's 100th mission begins at Sriharikota​

Story by PTI
• now • 2 min read

Countdown for ISRO's 100th mission begins at Sriharikota© PTI
Sriharikota, (Andhra Pradesh) Jan 28 (PTI) The 27-hour countdown for ISRO's historic 100th mission from this spaceport, launch of a Navigation satellite onboard a GSLV rocket commenced on Tuesday, sources in the space agency said. Also, this would be the first mission for ISRO Chairman V Narayanan, who assumed office on January 13.

Countdown for ISRO's 100th mission begins at Sriharikota© PTI
The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) with indigenous Cryogenic upper stage in its 17th flight, carrying the navigation satellite NVS-02 is scheduled for lift-off at 6.23 am on January 29 from the second launch pad here.

The navigation satellite is the second in the series of the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) aimed to provide accurate position, velocity and timing to users in the Indian sub-continent as well as to regions about 1,500 km beyond the Indian land mass.



"The 27.30 hour countdown commenced at 02.53 am on Tuesday," multiple sources told PTI.

The 50.9 metre tall GSLV-F15 follows the GSLV-F12 mission which successfully carried navigation satellite NVS-01, the first of the second generation satellites on May 29, 2023.

NavIC comprises five second generation satellites--NVS-01/02/03/04/05 envisaged to augment NavIC base layer constellation with enhanced features for ensuring continuity of services.

The NVS-02 satellite designed and developed by the U R Satellite Centre weighs about 2,250 kg. It has navigation payload in L1, L5 and S bands in addition to ranging payload in C-band like its predecessor NVS-01.

The key applications the satellite would be used for are terrestrial, aerial and maritime navigation, precision agriculture, fleet management, location based services in mobile devices, orbit determination for satellites, Internet-of-Things (IoT) based applications, emergency and timing services, ISRO said. PTI VIJ SA


Related video: ISRO's SpaDeX Mission: India Docks Satellites In Space, Enters Elite Club Of Nations (WION)

 

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Live launching from ISRO..

 

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NVS02 successfully injected into precise orbit.

 

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Today, it was 100th launch. Total 6 different generation of launch vehicles were made. 548 satellites launch till date weighing 120 tons.

433 foreign satellites launched with 100% success rate weighing over 23 tons.

 

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India To Launch Chandrayaan-4 In 2027 To Bring Moon Samples Back To Earth, Announces Jitendra Singh​

Story by PTI
• 20h • 2 min read

India To Launch Chandrayaan-4 In 2027 To Bring Moon Samples Back To Earth, Announces Jitendra Singh
India will launch the Chandrayaan-4 mission to bring back samples of moon rocks to the Earth in 2027, Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh said. Chandrayaan-4 will involve at least two separate launches of the heavylift LVM-3 rocket that will carry five different components of the mission which will be assembled in orbit.


"The Chandrayaan-4 mission aims to collect samples from the moon's surface and bring them back to the Earth," Mr Singh told PTI Videos in an interview.

The minister said the Gaganyaan mission, which involves sending Indian astronauts in a specially designed spacecraft to low-earth orbit and bringing them back safely, will be launched next year.

In 2026, India will also launch Samudrayaan, which will take three scientists in a submersible up to a depth of 6,000 metres in the deep ocean, to explore the seabed.

"This achievement will align with the timelines of India's other landmark missions, including the Gaganyaan space mission, marking a pleasant coincidence in the nation's journey toward scientific excellence," Mr Singh said.

Mr Singh said Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the Samudrayaan mission in his Independence Day speech.

The minister underscored the potential of the Samudrayaan to unlock vast resources, including critical minerals, rare metals, and undiscovered marine biodiversity, all of which are crucial for the country's economic growth and environmental sustainability.



The first uncrewed mission of the Gaganyaan project carrying a robot, 'Vyommitra', will also take place this year.

Mr Singh said that while the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1969, it took more than two decades to set up the first launch pad in 1993.

The second launch pad came up in 2004, another decade-long gap. However, in the last 10 years, India's space sector has undergone unprecedented expansion, both in terms of infrastructure and investment, he said.

"We are now building a third launch pad and for the first time for heavier rockets, and expanding also beyond Sriharikota with a new launch site in Tamil Nadu's Tuticorin district to launch small satellites," Mr Singh said.

The minister said that India's space economy, currently valued at USD 8 billion, is projected to reach USD 44 billion in the next decade, further cementing India's role as a global space powerhouse.



The reforms initiated in the past decade, including the unlocking of the space sector for private players, have led to greater innovation, investment, and international collaborations, Mr Singh said.

"With new infrastructure, increased private participation and record-breaking investments, India is poised for even greater achievements in the years to come," he said.

(Except for the headline, this copy has not been edited by Jagran English)

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PS4 engine realized through AM route

PS4 engine during hot test​

​

As part of the development programme, the injector head of the engine was realised and successfully hot tested earlier. Detailed flow and thermal modelling, structural simulation, and cold flow characterisation of the proto hardware were carried out to gain confidence for the hot test. Consequently, four successful developmental hot tests of integrated engine were conducted for a cumulative duration of 74 s which validated the engine performance parameters. Furthermore, the engine was successfully tested for the full qualification duration of 665 s and observed that all the performance parameters were as expected. It is planned to induct this AM PS4 engine into the regular PSLV program.
The performance of the engine during the long-duration test is shown in the following graph.​

ISRO successfully conducts long-duration hot tests of Additive Manufactured Liquid Engine.

Performance parameters	Expected	Achieved
Chamber Pressure, bar	8.33±0.125	8.29
Mixture Ratio	1.40±0.05	1.37
Isp, s	307±2	307.7

​

 

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ISRO unveils record-breaking propellant mixer​

ISRO has unveiled the world’s largest vertical planetary propellant mixer, a 10-tonne breakthrough built with CMTI Bengaluru. This innovation is set to enhance India’s spaceflight capabilities by ensuring safer, more efficient rocket fuel production. The mixer will play a key role in future space missions, including PSLV and Gaganyaan projects.​

Siddharth Shankar Published: 19 Feb 2025 18:50M

India has taken a major step forward in space technology with ISRO unveiling the world’s largest vertical planetary mixer for solid rocket propellants. This breakthrough is expected to enhance efficiency and safety in rocket fuel production, marking a significant milestone in India’s space capabilities.

Developed in collaboration with the Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI), the 10-tonne mixer is designed to support large-scale solid rocket motor production. The new system is set to play a crucial role in upcoming space missions, strengthening India’s self-reliance in propulsion technology.

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Why This Mixer Matters​

Solid rocket propellants play a crucial role in launch vehicles, requiring precision and safety in their manufacturing. The newly developed vertical planetary mixer ensures uniform blending of highly sensitive and hazardous components, making it a critical step in producing reliable solid rocket motors. The mixer weighs around 150 tonnes and measures 5.4 meters in length, 3.3 meters in breadth, and 8.7 meters in height. ISRO confirmed that this is the largest equipment of its kind globally, further advancing India’s self-reliance in propellant processing technology.

Collaboration & Development​

The project was led by CMTI Bengaluru, with significant contributions from ISRO’s Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC). On February 13, the equipment was formally handed over to SDSC officials in the presence of ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan. The Department of Space highlighted that this initiative aligns with India’s self-reliance mission, Atma Nirbhar Bharat, strengthening indigenous technology development in space exploration.

How This Benefits India’s Space Missions​

The introduction of this advanced mixing technology is expected to improve productivity by allowing large-scale production of solid propellant motors. The uniform composition achieved through this mixer enhances quality and reduces risks during rocket launches. The system is designed to handle hazardous materials with greater control and precision, ensuring safety in the production process. Optimized processing time will help ISRO meet the increasing demand for space missions, supporting the country’s growing ambitions in space exploration.

Future Implications​

With this advanced solid propellant mixing technology, ISRO is poised to strengthen India’s spaceflight capabilities. The ability to manufacture large-scale solid rocket motors domestically ensures cost-effectiveness and reduces dependency on foreign technology. The successful deployment of this mixer marks another milestone in India’s space ambitions. Moving forward, ISRO aims to integrate this technology into upcoming Gaganyaan and PSLV missions, pushing India further into the competitive global space industry.

Click for more latest Science news. Also get top headlines and latest news from India and around the world at News9.

ISRO unveils record-breaking propellant mixer

ISRO has unveiled the world’s largest vertical planetary propellant mixer, a 10-tonne breakthrough built with CMTI Bengaluru. This innovation is set to enhance India’s spaceflight capabilities by ensuring safer, more efficient rocket fuel production. The mixer will play a key role in future...

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India's Space Sector Set to Grow To $44Bn: Union Minister Jitendra Singh | ISRO | N18V​

Union Minister Jitendra Singh has said that India's space sector is expected to reach a value of $44 billion soon. This is a fivefold increase from its current worth, Addressing the 'Space-Tech for Good Governance' Conclave, Singh highlighted India's commitment to leveraging space technology for innovations. #space #India #Governance #JitendraSingh #Technology #cnbctv18digitalCNBC TV18 LIVE TV: to our Channel: Check Out Top CNBC TV18 Playlist Videos: Young Turks Reloaded with Shereen Bhan: World News: TV18 Classic Interviews: TV18 Digital: TV18 Weekend Special: TV18 Next-Gen: Show: TV18 Newsreels: Streets: can also connect with CNBC-TV18 News OnlineCatch the latest news: CNBC-TV18 round the clock: updated with all the market action in real time: can also stay updated with all the latest news on-the-go with CNBC-TV18 Minis: us on Facebook: us on Twitter: us on Instagram: us on: Linkedin: CNBC-TV18:

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ISRO handles its own software development: Ex-ISRO chief Somanath​

ISRO develops its own software for accuracy, security, and scientific rigor. It converts raw scientific data into actionable insights. The organization now wants to commercialise its software.​

PSLV-C59/PROBA-3 MissionImage Source : ISRO
Written By: Om Gupta
New DelhiPublished: March 02, 2025 11:55 IST, Updated: March 02, 2025 11:55 IST

S. Somanath, the former chief of ISRO, indicated that software development within the organisation has consistently been an internal undertaking, managed by their own scientists and engineers from various fields, including environmental science, physics, and computer science. He stated that ISRO does not outsource critical software systems due to the necessity for a profound understanding of the integration between science, technology, and applications.





Speaking at the Software Product Management (SPM) Summit hosted by IIM Bangalore, Somanath noted that the two-day event, which took place on February 28 and March 1, marked its 7th edition under the theme of 'Software Product Management Excellence at Scale.' He elaborated on the evolution of software product management and development for space missions, highlighting the transition from missions focused primarily on environmental concerns to those featuring commercially operated systems.

He emphasised that all software developed for satellite operations, data analysis, and mission simulations is created in-house to guarantee accuracy, security, and scientific rigor. According to Somanath, ISRO has over the years implemented intricate software systems for various applications such as geospatial data portals, disaster management frameworks, and climate monitoring tools, all intended for use by governments, researchers, and the general public.

Somanath reflected on ISRO's journey in software product development, stating that it goes beyond basic coding; it involves converting raw scientific data into actionable insights. He mentioned that the organisation is now also looking to commercialise some of these tools, making them accessible to Indian institutions and industries to encourage innovation across different sectors.

Finally, he expressed his belief that India's advancements in space, technology, and sustainable development will rely heavily on a robust foundation in software excellence, which should be developed on a large scale and continually refined through ongoing learning and collaboration.

ALSO READ: ISRO scheduled to resume its SpaDeX experiments beginning March 15: V Narayanan

 

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India and Japan Join Forces For Chandrayaan-5 Mission, ISRO Shares Details of Ambitious Lunar Project​

Story by Times Now Digital
• 21h•
2 min read

india and japan join forces for chandrayaan-5 mission, isro shares details of ambitious lunar project
An ambitious Chandrayaan-5 mission in partnership with Japan has received approval by the Centre, ISRO Chairman V Narayanan announced. The mission, which aims to study the Moon with a significantly heavier rover than its predecessors, will be undertaken with Japan to enhance the mission's scientific capabilities, he said.



Announcing the approval at an event celebrating his new role as ISRO Chairman, V Narayanan said, "Just three days ago, we received approval for the Chandrayaan-5 mission. We will be undertaking it in collaboration with Japan." ISRO had successfully launched the Chandrayaan-3 mission with Vikram Lander's 'soft-landing' on the South pole of the Moon on August 23, 2023. The Chandrayaan-5 mission, in partnership with Japan, will include a 250 kg rover, a major leap from the 25 kg 'Pragyan' rover deployed during Chandrayaan-3.

All about the Chandrayaan Missions​

India's Chandrayaan programme, a cornerstone of the nation's lunar exploration efforts, has made significant strides with three missions so far. The first, Chandrayaan-1, launched in 2008, made history by chemically mapping the Moon’s surface, unveiling mineralogical and photo-geological details that set the stage for future exploration.

Then, in 2019, Chandrayaan-2 embarked on its journey. While the mission faced challenges during its final descent, its orbiter continues to provide invaluable high-resolution images and data, shedding light on the Moon's mysteries from orbit.

Meanwhile, Chandrayaan-3 was launched in 2023 and successfully demonstrated India's ability to achieve a soft landing on the Moon's South Pole. The mission's lander, Vikram, and rover, Pragyan, were placed into hibernation mode due to the lunar night, which lasts about 14 Earth days, to conserve energy and protect the instruments from extreme cold.


Related video: Know all about Isro's space missions in 2025 | Homeland (India Today)

https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/india-and-japan-join-forces-for-chandrayaan-5-mission-isro-shares-details-of-ambitious-lunar-project/ar-AA1B4nYy

 

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ISRO successfully tests semi-cryogenic engine: A big step for future space missions​

ISRO's successful semi-cryogenic engine test is a major step toward developing more powerful, efficient, and reusable launch systems. With ongoing improvements in propulsion technology, India is gearing up for a new era in space exploration.​

ISRO successfully tests semi-cryogenic engineImage Source : File
Written By: Saumya Nigam @snigam04
New DelhiPublished: March 08, 2025 14:00 IST, Updated: March 08, 2025 14:00 IST

The Indian Space Research Organisation (commonly known as ISRO) has successfully conducted a hot test on the semi-cryogenic engine (SE2000), marking a major milestone in developing powerful engines for future space missions. This test called the Power Head Test Article (PHTA), is an important step toward finalizing the cryogenic stage that powers the booster stages of launch vehicles.

What is the Power Head Test Article (PHTA)?​

The PHTA is a significant test to evaluate key subsystems of the semi-cryogenic engine. It helps validate the performance of critical components such as:

• Gas generator
• Turbo pumps
• Pre-burner
• Control systems

The hot-firing test lasted for just 4.5 seconds and was the first major hardware test for the semi-cryogenic engine's development.

A step forward after 2023 setback​

ISRO had previously attempted a similar test in July 2023, but it was aborted due to a technical glitch. Since then, scientists have worked continuously to refine the engine, which is designed to deliver 2,000 kiloNewton (kN) of thrust.

(Image Source : ISRO)A big step for future space missions

Why is a semi-cryogenic engine important?​

Rockets need powerful propulsion systems to lift off from Earth, pass through the atmosphere, and reach space. Choosing the right propellant system is crucial for efficiency, cost, and reusability.

Currently, ISRO uses environment-friendly propellants such as:

• Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) for cryogenic engines
• LOX-Kerosene-based propulsion systems for semi-cryogenic engines

Advantages of Semi-Cryogenic Engines​

A semi-cryogenic engine offers several advantages:

• Uses liquid oxygen and kerosene, which is easier to store than hydrogen
• Provides high-density impulse, making it more efficient
• Less toxic and cost-effective compared to other options
• Enhancements in LVM3 and future missions

ISRO is also working on improving the Launch Vehicle Mk III (LVM3), which will be equipped with the C32 cryogenic upper stage for upcoming missions.

C32 vs. C25: The new C32 stage will allow more propellant storage, increasing the payload capacity by 25 per cent.

Read Also​

ISRO celebrates century of launches: PSLV carries largest number of satellites into space

• ISRO aims to increase spacecraft launch capacity from 4 tonnes to 5.1 tonnes to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) without increasing costs.

A new LOX-kerosene propulsion system powered by a 2,000-tonne thrust engine is under development.

Next-generation launch vehicle (NGLV) development on track​

With India's ambitious Gaganyaan mission (both unmanned and manned) gaining momentum, ISRO is also making progress on its Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV).

What is NGLV?​

• A human-rated launch vehicle with high payload capacity and reusability
• Features a reusable first stage, with a maximum payload of 30 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
• Uses LOX engines in the first and second stages, with a cryogenic engine in the upper stage

According to ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan, the design of NGLV is complete, and development has begun. The agency is also working on technologies to recover and reuse launch vehicles, making future space missions more efficient.

Future Plans: Next-gen propulsion systems​

ISRO is exploring advanced propulsion technologies that could revolutionize space travel. The goal is to develop a system where:

• A rocket takes off like an aircraft
• Switches to a cryogenic engine mid-flight
• Covers thousands of kilometres across continents in a few hours

This breakthrough could enable faster intercontinental travel and pave the way for next-gen space exploration.

ISRO successfully tests semi-cryogenic engine: A big step for future space missions

ISRO's successful semi-cryogenic engine test is a major step toward developing more powerful, efficient, and reusable launch systems. With ongoing improvements in propulsion technology, India is gearing up for a new era in space exploration.

www.indiatvnews.com

 

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LOVE THIS​

​

What is NGLV?​

• A human-rated launch vehicle with high payload capacity and reusability
• Features a reusable first stage, with a maximum payload of 30 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
• Uses LOX engines in the first and second stages, with a cryogenic engine in the upper stage

 

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ISRO Chairman Dr V. Narayanan inaugurates research centre at IIT Madras​

Story by India Today Education Desk
• 21h•
2 min read

ISRO Chairman Dr V. Narayanan inaugurates research centre at IIT Madras
The Chairperson of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) inaugurated a new research centre, the S. Ramakrishnan Centre of Excellence, at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) on Monday.

The S Ramakrishnan Centre of Excellence in Fluid and Thermal Science Research will support 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' initiatives, promoting self-reliance in advanced space technologies and reducing India's dependency on foreign solutions. The centre will also attract global talent and international research collaborations.

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The Centre is named in honour of S. Ramakrishnan, a distinguished IIT Madras alumnus and aerospace engineer who made substantial contributions to the development of India's launch vehicle program.

Dr V. Narayanan emphasised the significance of this collaboration and highlighted the achievements of ISRO in areas such as cryogenic engine technology. He proudly stated, "The Cryogenic Engine technology was denied to India, but today, we have three different such engines, with the third one being human-rated. Only six countries in the world have this technology, and we have achieved world records in this area."

Looking forward to the collaboration, Professor V. Kamakoti, Director, IIT Madras, said, "More and more we explore the space, we have an increasing need for technologies that could handle thermal and cooling requirements. I am sure the proposed Centre jointly with ISRO shall develop very effective solutions for the same."


Related video: ISRO's SpaDeX Mission: India Docks Satellites In Space, Enters Elite Club Of Nations (WION)

KEY ROLES OF THE CENTRE​

1. Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle Thermal Management: Addressing heat dissipation challenges in satellites and launch vehicles.

2. Experimental & Numerical Studies on Cooling Systems: Developing efficient cooling solutions using micro heat pipes, spray cooling, vapour chambers, and two-phase heat transfer devices.

3. High-Fidelity Simulation & Testing Facilities: Utilising cutting-edge computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental setups for real-world validation

4. Capacity Building & Training: Encouraging ISRO scientists to pursue advanced degrees at IIT Madras while fostering industry-academia collaborations.

Highlighting the expected outcomes from this new research centre, its coordinator, Prof. Arvind Pattamatta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras, said, "In the Medium Term (Next 3-5 Years), we are hoping to achieve breakthroughs in Advanced Thermal Management, such as development of new active and passive cooling techniques for spacecraft electronics and prototyping and Testing of Next-Gen Heat Pipes, which are Innovative cooling systems for long-duration space missions. Further integration with ISRO's Space Missions and incorporation of new research findings into upcoming ISRO satellite and launch vehicle projects will also be a focus area."

EXPECTED LONG-TERM OUTCOMES​

1. Revolutionising Spacecraft Design: Laying the groundwork for high-performance, reusable space vehicles with superior thermal control.

2. Enhancing India's Deep Space Exploration Capabilities: Supporting future missions such as Gaganyaan, lunar and interplanetary missions.

3. Boosting Indigenous Space Technology: Reducing reliance on foreign technology by developing cutting-edge thermal management solutions within India

This Centre will play a crucial role in the development of next-generation space technologies. The impact of the centre will extend beyond space, contributing to advancements in aerospace engineering, cooling technologies, and interdisciplinary research, while also promoting India's self-reliance in the critical domain of space technology.

MSN

 

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‘Strength Respects Strength’: ISRO Chief Explains Why Japan Approached India For Chandrayaan-5​

Story by Harish Upadhya
• 1h•
3 min read

ISRO chief V Narayanan also gave updates on Gaganyaan. (PTI File)© Copyright (C) new18.com. All Rights Reserved.
India’s space ambitions have soared to new heights with the recent approval of the Chandrayaan-5 mission, a collaborative lunar exploration mission between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). This marks growing international recognition of India’s space capabilities, particularly following the successful Chandrayaan-3.

Speaking exclusively to CNN-News18, ISRO chairman V Narayanan explained how the Japanese approached India for the mission and what’s in store.

“It is a joint mission. As you know, strength respects strength,” said ISRO Chairman V Narayanan. “When we successfully accomplished the Chandrayaan-3 mission and India became the only country that soft-landed near the south pole of the moon and the fourth country to soft-land on the moon, the JAXA team said they would like to have a collaboration. So, we are collaborating and accomplishing that mission. In fact, it is going to be launched by the Japanese rocket and the launch vehicle.”

WHAT IS CHANDRAYAAN-5?​

The Chandrayaan-5 mission will feature a significantly larger rover, weighing approximately 350 kg, compared to the 25 kg rover deployed during Chandrayaan-3.

“One comparison I can give is Chandrayaan-3, we had a rover, something around 25 kg… Here, the rover is going to be 350 kg,” Narayanan explained. “Our mission was only a 14-day mission, but here it is going to be a long-term mission.”


The mission will focus on the lunar polar region, aiming to further explore water availability and conduct a wide range of scientific investigations.

“Because of Chandrayaan-3, we had 14 days only, but we could collect the statistics. We had a lot of discoveries through our colleagues. We have discovered electron clouds, we have found seismic activity in some locations. We have discovered the thermal profile, mapped it, and like that, a lot of scientific discoveries were there. Here, it is going to be again a polar region mission to understand the water availability, and so many things, so many aspects are involved,” Narayanan said. He also mentioned that the scientific payloads are still being finalised.

GAGANYAAN MISSION PROGRESS UPDATE​

In addition to the Chandrayaan-5 announcement, Narayanan provided an update on the progress of India’s human spaceflight mission, Gaganyaan. “As you are aware, to accomplish the Gaganyaan mission, a lot of things have to be done,” he said.

He highlighted key milestones, including the completion of the human rating of the launch vehicle system and the near-finalisation of the integrated vehicle health monitoring system. “Then, of course, we need to develop the environmental control and safety system, which maintains the required pressure, temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, the partial pressure level of oxygen, and everything it has to maintain, and those developments are in the advanced stage,” Narayanan said.


The Crew Escape System, designed to safeguard the astronauts in case of emergencies, has also undergone successful testing. “We went through a couple of tests, and recently, a year ago, we did one exclusive experiment by utilising a developed test vehicle exclusively for that purpose. It was a grand success and a satisfying thing,” Narayanan said. “Our Navy ship, picked up the module from the right spot. We were there to receive it and we were very happy.”

ISRO plans to conduct further tests and three uncrewed missions before the actual manned mission.

“The first uncrewed mission is getting ready. Once it is successful, we will go through the second and third missions, followed by the actual mission,” Narayanan said, adding that the ‘Gagan Yatris’ are currently undergoing rigorous training.

MSN

 

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Chandrayaan-4 to weigh 9,500kg, to be launched by 2 rockets​

Indian space agency ISRO is presently working on two Lunar missions - Chandrayaan-4 and Chandrayaan-5. Both of them are robotic missions to explore the moon and map its resources. Such missions pave the way for an eventual Indian crewed moon landing in the coming decades. For more details on Chandrayaan-4 and its progress, WION's Principal Correspondent Sidharth.M.P spoke to ISRO Chief Dr. V. Narayanan. See less
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[Krishna with Flute]

Isro successfully rolls SpaDeX satellites, pushes them to the limit​

Story by India Today Science Desk
• 3h•
2 min read

Isro successfully rolls SpaDeX satellites, pushes them to the limit
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved another milestone in its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) mission by successfully conducting the "rolling" or "rotating" experiment.

This test involved one satellite circumnavigating the other and returning to its original position while remaining in line of sight.

The experiment, completed last week, was confirmed by ISRO Chairman V Narayanan to Times of India, as he emphasized the importance of ground simulations to avoid errors and maximize data generation.

The rolling experiment is being compared to Chandrayaan-3's "hop" test on the Moon for its significance in advancing future space missions. It validates ISRO's ability to control satellite maneuvering from ground stations using advanced software, sensors, and positioning technologies.

This capability is crucial for future missions like Chandrayaan-4, human spaceflight programs under Gaganyaan, and satellite servicing projects.

SpaDeX involves two satellites, SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), launched together on December 30, 2024.

The mission aims to demonstrate technologies related to orbital rendezvous, docking, and proximity operations.

Earlier in January 2025, ISRO became the fourth country globally to achieve successful space docking using indigenous technology.


Related video: ISRO Successfully Docks SpaDex Satellites In Historic Space Achievement, PM Modi Congratulates (The Times of India)


https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/isro-successfully-rolls-spadex-satellites-pushes-them-to-the-limit/ar-AA1BP7Sm?ocid=BingNewsSerp

 

[Krishna with Flute]

We finally know how Isro is planning to land Mangalyaan-2 on Mars​

Story by India Today Science Desk
• 1h•
2 min read

In a major step forward for India's interplanetary ambitions, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has revealed detailed plans for its second Mars mission, Mangalyaan-2, which, unlike its predecessor, will include a lander for a direct touchdown on the Martian surface and a helicopter.

The details were shared by Isro chief Dr V Narayanan during an address at the Navaratna Conference.

Launched aboard the LVM3 rocket, the 4,500 kg spacecraft will initially be placed in an Earth orbit of 190 x 35,786 km.

Mars
From there, a composite module â consisting of a Cruise Stage and a Descent Stage â will set off on its months-long journey to the Red Planet.

The Cruise Stage will serve as the propulsion system to take the spacecraft from Earth's orbit to a capture orbit around Mars.

Once Mangalyaan-2 enters Martian proximity, the Descent Stage will detach from the Cruise Stage and make a direct entry into Mars' atmosphere â a bold move that skips the need for orbiting before landing.

Slowing down during this high-speed descent will be managed through a process called aerobraking, which uses the Martian atmosphere to reduce velocity.

To do this safely, ISRO will employ a heat-protective aeroshell and supersonic parachutes, helping the spacecraft withstand intense atmospheric friction and rapidly drop speed.

Descent Stage will detach from the Cruise Stage and make a direct entry. (Photo: ESA)
The final phase of the landing will begin when the Descent Stage is about 1.3 km above the Martian surface. At this point, the lander will engage its powered descent system â a set of onboard engines designed to guide and control a soft and precise touchdown.

If successful, Mangalyaan-2 will mark India's first attempt at landing on another planet, placing it in an elite group of nations to achieve such a feat. The mission's success would not only boost India's standing in space exploration but also provide invaluable data for future interplanetary missions.

While ISRO has yet to confirm a launch date, the planning reveals a bold and technically complex mission that could pave the way for deeper Martian exploration â and one more giant leap for India's space program.


Related video: It will be routine to go into space in the next two decades: Pawan Chandana (India Today)

https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/we-finally-know-how-isro-is-planning-to-land-mangalyaan-2-on-mars/ar-AA1CJfNr?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=9fae7f40286743d98522425801285129&ei=8

 

[Krishna with Flute]

India leading most cost-effective, successful space programme in world: PM Narendra Modi​

22h•
5 min read

India leading most cost-effective, successful space programme in world: PM Narendra Modi
Noting that India has become a global space power, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday said the country is leading the most cost-effective but successful space programme in the entire world and is going to scale new heights in the future. Many youth are attaining new milestones in the field of space startups, Modi said, adding 10 years ago, there was only one company, but today there are more than 325 space startups working in the country.

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In his monthly radio broadcast 'Mann Ki Baat', he also paid tributes to former ISRO chief K Kasturirangan, who passed away last week.

"Two days ago we lost the country's great scientist Dr. K. Kasturirangan ji. Whenever I met Kasturirangan ji, we discussed topics like the talent of Indian youth, modern education, Space-Science. His contribution in lending newer heights to science, education and India's space programme shall always be remembered. ISRO attained a new identity under his leadership," he said.

The space programmes that moved forward under his guidance gave global recognition to India's efforts, Modi said.

Many of the satellites that India uses today were launched under the supervision of Dr. Kasturirangan, he said.

"There was one more special facet to his personality, which the younger generation can learn from. He always accorded importance to innovation. The vision of learning, knowing and doing something new is very inspiring," Modi said.


Related video: It will be routine to go into space in the next two decades: Pawan Chandana (India Today)
Good afternoon everyone.
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The prime minister said Kasturirangan also played a major role in formulating the new National Education Policy of the country.

Kasturirangan came up with the idea of ' ' forward looking" education according to the modern needs of the 21st century, Modi said.

"His selfless service to the country and contribution to nation building will always be remembered. Very humbly, I pay my tribute to Dr. K. Kasturirangan," he said.

Noting that April marks 50 years of the launch of the Aryabhata Satellite, Modi said, "Today, when we look back and remember this journey of 50 years, we realise how far we have come. This flight of India's dreams in space once commenced with just conviction. Some young scientists with the passion to do something for the nation - they neither had the modern resources like today, nor the access to world technology as such. If at all they had anything, it was talent, dedication, hard work and the passion to do something for the country."


"You must have seen pictures of our scientists carrying critical equipment themselves on bullock carts and bicycles. It is the result of that very dedication and spirit of service to the nation that so much has changed today," he said.

Modi pointed out that India has become a global space power, pointing "We have created a record by launching 104 satellites simultaneously. We have become the first country to reach the South Pole of the Moon. India has launched the Mars Orbiter Mission and we have reached pretty close to the Sun through the Aditya - L1 Mission," he said.

Today, India is leading the most cost-effective but successful space programme in the entire world, he pointed out.

Many countries of the world take help from ISRO for their satellites and space missions, Modi said.

"When we see a satellite launch by ISRO, we are filled with pride. I had a similar feeling when I witnessed the launch of PSLV-C-23 in 2014. I was also present at the ISRO Centre in Bengaluru during the landing of Chandrayaan-2 in 2019. At that time Chandrayaan failed to achieve the expected success, it was a very difficult time for the scientists. But I could see with my own eyes the patience of the scientists and their zeal to achieve something," he said.


And a few years later, the whole world too noticed how the same scientists made Chandrayaan-3 a success, the PM added.

Noting that India has opened her space sector for the private sector as well, Modi said today many youth are attaining new milestones in the field of space startups.

"The times to come are ushering in a lot of new possibilities in Space.India is going to scale new heights. The country is busy preparing for many important missions like Gaganyaan, SpaDeX and Chandrayaan-4. We are also working on the Venus Orbiter Mission and Mars Lander Mission," he said.

Indian space scientists are going to fill the people of the country with new pride through their innovations, Modi said.

Recalling the 'Champaran Satyagraha', Modi said it was the first big experiment by Bapu in India.

"The entire British rule was shaken by Bapu's Satyagraha. The British had to suspend the law that forced farmers to cultivate indigo. This was a victory that infused new confidence in the freedom struggle. All of you must be aware that another son of Bihar also contributed a lot to this Satyagraha, who became the first President of the country after Independence. The great personality was Dr. Rajendra Prasad. He also wrote a book on the 'Champaran Satyagraha'," Modi said.

Many more indelible chapters of the freedom struggle are associated with April itself, he said.

"Gandhiji's 'Dandi March' culminated on the 6th of April itself. This march which commenced on the 12th of March and continued for 24 days had shaken the British. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in April itself. The marks of this blood stained history are still present on the soil of Punjab," Modi said.

He said that in a few days, on May 10, the anniversary of the first freedom struggle would also be there.

The spark that arose in that first battle for freedom, later became a torch for millions of freedom fighters, Modi said.

"On April 26, we observed the death anniversary of the great hero of the 1857 revolution, Babu Veer Kunwar Singh. The entire country derives inspiration from this great freedom fighter of Bihar. We have to keep alive the immortal inspirations of lakhs of such freedom fighters," he said.


The energy received from them provides renewed strength to our resolve of 'Amrit Kaal', Modi added.

He said the biggest strength of the country is our 140 crore citizens, their capability, their will power, and when crores of people join a campaign together, its impact is huge.

He cited the example of the 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' campaign and pointed out that on the 5th of June, on 'World Environment Day', this campaign is completing one year.

"During this one year, under this campaign, more than 140 crore trees have been planted in the name of the mother across the country. Observing this initiative of India, people outside the country have also planted trees in the name of their mother," he said.

In his broadcast, Modi also lauded how in Wayanad, saffron is not being grown in any field or soil but with the help of aeroponics technique.
For more news like this visit The Economic Times.

MSN

 

[Saif]

Indian space agency’s satellite mission fails due to technical issue

The Indian space agency’s mission to launch into orbit a new Earth observation satellite failed after the launch vehicle encountered a technical issue, officials said Sunday.

www.newagebd.net

Indian space agency’s satellite mission fails due to technical issue
United News of Bangladesh/ AP. New Delhi 18 May, 2025, 17:01

View of PSLV-C61 launch vehicle of India. | ISRO X handle

The Indian space agency’s mission to launch into orbit a new Earth observation satellite failed after the launch vehicle encountered a technical issue, officials said Sunday.

The EOS-09 Earth observation satellite took off on board the PSLV-C61 launch vehicle from the Sriharikota space center in southern India on Sunday morning.

‘During the third stage ... there was a fall in the chamber pressure of the motor case, and the mission could not be accomplished,’ said V Narayanan, chief of the Indian Space Research Organisation.

Active in space research since the 1960s, India has launched satellites for itself and other countries, and successfully put one in orbit around Mars in 2014.

After a failed attempt to land on the moon in 2019, India became the first country to land a spacecraft near the moon’s south pole in 2023 in a historic voyage to uncharted territory that scientists believe could hold reserves of frozen water. The mission was dubbed as a technological triumph for the world’s most populous nation.

 

[Krishna with Flute]

Indian space agency’s satellite mission fails due to technical issue

The Indian space agency’s mission to launch into orbit a new Earth observation satellite failed after the launch vehicle encountered a technical issue, officials said Sunday.

www.newagebd.net

Indian space agency’s satellite mission fails due to technical issue
United News of Bangladesh/ AP. New Delhi 18 May, 2025, 17:01

View attachment 17521
View of PSLV-C61 launch vehicle of India. | ISRO X handle

The Indian space agency’s mission to launch into orbit a new Earth observation satellite failed after the launch vehicle encountered a technical issue, officials said Sunday.

The EOS-09 Earth observation satellite took off on board the PSLV-C61 launch vehicle from the Sriharikota space center in southern India on Sunday morning.

‘During the third stage ... there was a fall in the chamber pressure of the motor case, and the mission could not be accomplished,’ said V Narayanan, chief of the Indian Space Research Organisation.

Active in space research since the 1960s, India has launched satellites for itself and other countries, and successfully put one in orbit around Mars in 2014.

After a failed attempt to land on the moon in 2019, India became the first country to land a spacecraft near the moon’s south pole in 2023 in a historic voyage to uncharted territory that scientists believe could hold reserves of frozen water. The mission was dubbed as a technological triumph for the world’s most populous nation.

Third failure of PSLV rocket todate.

 

[Saif]

Third failure of PSLV rocket todate.

What is the time frame for India to send astronaut to Moon?

 

[Krishna with Flute]

What is the time frame for India to send astronaut to Moon?

By 2030. It is not on our priority list. Reusable rockets are on priority. Scremjet engines are on priority list.

 

[Profpremrajp]

India’s push for home-grown satellite constellation gets 30 aspirants
REUTERS
Published :
Dec 24, 2024 21:39
Updated :
Dec 24, 2024 21:39

View attachment 12085
A satellite model is placed on a picture of Earth in this illustration taken November 25, 2024. Photo : REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/Files

Thirty Indian companies have answered the space regulator’s call to build and operate constellations of Earth observation (EO) satellites in a groundbreaking private-public partnership to reduce the country’s reliance on foreign data for defense, infrastructure management and other critical mapping needs.

“We have received 9 applications ... Each applicant represents a consortium, involving a total of 30 companies,” said Pawan Goenka, chairman of the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre, or IN-SPACe.

The regulator had sought “expressions of interest” (EoI) in July to build home-grown satellite constellations as part of a broader strategy to monetize the sector and ensure data sovereignty.

India is doubling down on its small satellite and data services market to carve out a leading role in the global commercialization of space. The market for such services, increasingly key for industries ranging from telecoms to climate monitoring, is projected to reach $45 billion by 2030, opens new tab.

The applicants for IN-SPACe’s latest effort in this regard include startups such as Google-backed Pixxel and Baring Private Equity-backed SatSure, as well as larger entities like Tata Group’s Tata Advanced Systems. The companies did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Goenka said he expects technical evaluations to be completed by the end of January, after which a tender will be floated to determine the winning bidder.

IN-SPACe’s eligibility criteria include applicants raising or investing at least 850 million rupees ($10 million) in space-related activities, having a valuation of 8.5 billion rupees, or a turnover of 2 billion rupees in the past three years.

They must also set up spacecraft control centres in India or partner with ground station service providers for operational needs.

The government plans to loan up to 3.5 billion to the winner, with private companies expected to cover the remaining costs, according to a source familiar with the matter.

Since opening the sector to private players in February, India has established a 10-billion-rupee venture fund to support space startups.

The country has also unveiled ambitious plans for crewed space exploration and a mission to Venus, but the primary focus remains on fostering commercial ventures and scaling up private sector participation.

India currently sources much of its EO data from foreign companies and agencies like the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

IIFCL Projects Ltd, an advisory arm under the Ministry of Finance, is overseeing the bidding process.​

Prof. Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2025 marks the 50th year since the launch of Aryabhata, and let us celebrate the occasion!!! Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran Profile Page | World Architecture Community

 

[Profpremrajp]

Prof. Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2025 marks the 50th year since the launch of Aryabhata, and let us celebrate the occasion!!! Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran Profile Page | World Architecture Community

 

[Vsdoc]

Space and Rocketeering.

This is possibly India's next "IT"

@Krishna with Flute @Lulldapull

And this is possibly what's going to save us till we hit critical mass @Sharma Ji

 

[Israel Person]

Prof. Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2025 marks the 50th year since the launch of Aryabhata, and let us celebrate the occasion!!! Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran Profile Page | World Architecture Community

@Krishna with Flute @Sharma Ji @Lulldapull

 

[Sharma Ji]

Space and Rocketeering.

This is possibly India's next "IT"

@Krishna with Flute @Lulldapull

And this is possibly what's going to save us till we hit critical mass @Sharma Ji

yeap, we doing it on the cheap too, that's the USP ..

sasta and tikau jugaad for satellite sending

as with everything high tech, though, we laggards (can be excused, given our paucity of resources)

future looking good but, startups bhi aane shuru ho gae hain

long road ahead but:



jai hind, bharat mata ki jai !

 

[Krishna with Flute]

@Krishna with Flute @Sharma Ji @Lulldapull

In these 50 years, ISRO has emerged as a premier space agency surpassing many space agencies in the world. India holds 1st to 4th positions in different space applications. ISRO is cost leader in launching. Very sophisticated in earth observation and communication. Now ISRO has the plan to reduce the launch cost by 1/10th and improve weight carrying capabilities by 2 fold for each of its vehicle.

 

[Krishna with Flute]

Space and Rocketeering.

This is possibly India's next "IT"

@Krishna with Flute @Lulldapull

And this is possibly what's going to save us till we hit critical mass @Sharma Ji

ISRO is working on improving weight lifting and reducing cost of carrying payload to 1/10th.

 

[Vsdoc]

ISRO is working on improving weight lifting and reducing cost of carrying payload to 1/10th.

ISRO was the wind beneath DRDO's wings in Op Sindoor.

 

[Krishna with Flute]

ISRO was the wind beneath DRDO's wings in Op Sindoor.

It is said that 15 satellites were earmarked for Op. Sindoor exclusively. India is planning other 100 to boost security of the nation.

India to add 100-150 satellites to enhance safety, security in 3 yrs: ISRO Chief​

Read more at:
India to add 100-150 satellites to enhance safety, security in 3 yrs: ISRO Chief

 

[Vsdoc]

It is said that 15 satellites were earmarked for Op. Sindoor exclusively. India is planning other 100 to boost security of the nation.

India to add 100-150 satellites to enhance safety, security in 3 yrs: ISRO Chief​

Read more at:
India to add 100-150 satellites to enhance safety, security in 3 yrs: ISRO Chief

If the US Golden Dome goes ahead, we should be ready and at the forefront of that new military tech frontier.