[🇧🇩] Insurgencies in Myanmar. Implications for Bangladesh

[Saif]

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thefinancialexpress.com.bd

মিয়ানমারে বিমান হামলায় বাংলাদেশ সীমান্তে আতঙ্ক
Published :
Jun 28, 2024 17:06
Updated :
Jun 28, 2024 17:06

বাংলাদেশ-মিয়ানমার সীমান্তঘেঁষা রোহিঙ্গা অধ্যুষিত রাখাইন রাজ্যের মংডুতে সরকারি বাহিনীর সঙ্গে সশস্ত্র গোষ্ঠী আরাকান আর্মির তুমুল সংঘাত চলছে। গতকাল বৃহস্পতিবার ভোর থেকে শুরু হওয়া একের পর এক মর্টার শেল ও গোলার বিকট শব্দে এপারে কক্সবাজারের টেকনাফ সীমান্তের বাসিন্দাদের মাঝে আতঙ্ক বাড়ছে।

সীমান্তের বাসিন্দারা বলছেন, গত চার মাস ধরে নিজেদের অস্বিস্ত রক্ষায় মিয়ানমারের সরকারি বাহিনীর সঙ্গে আরাকান আর্মির সংঘাত চলছে। এতে ওপারের বেশ কিছু সীমান্ত চৌকি এখন বিদ্রোহী গোষ্ঠী আরকান আর্মির দখলে। ওপারের যুদ্ধের কারণে এপারে সীমান্তের টেকনাফের নাইট্যংপাড়া, কায়ুকখালীপাড়া, জালিয়াপাড়া, চৌধুরীপাড়া, উত্তরপাড়া, দক্ষিণপাড়া, কুলালপাড়া, খাংগার ডেইল, নাজিরপাড়া, মৌলভীপাড়া, সাবরাংয়ের মগপাড়া, আছারবনিয়া, ডেগিল্ল্যা বিল, নয়াপাড়া, শাহপরীর দ্বীপের জালিয়াপাড়ায় মর্টারশেল ও বোমার বিকট শব্দে বাড়ি-ঘর কাঁপছে।

আতঙ্কে রয়েছেন সীমান্ত এলাকাসহ পার্শ্ববর্তী এলাকার বাসিন্দারা।মিয়ানমারে তীব্র লড়াই চলছে। সকাল থেকে গ্রামখালি করতে মাইকিং করা হচ্ছে। লোকজন না সরায় যুদ্ধবিমান দিয়ে হামলা চালানো হচ্ছে। গইন্যা পাড়া ও গজ্জনিয়া পাড়াসহ কয়েকটি গ্রামে বিমান হামলা চালাচ্ছে জান্তা বাহিনী।

উখিয়া রোহিঙ্গা ক্যাম্পের বাসিন্দারা বলেন, 'বৃহস্পতিবার বিকালেও ওপারে মংডুতে যুদ্ধবিমানে হামলা চালানো হয়েছে। এতে হতাহতের খবর পাওয়া যাচ্ছে। সেখানে থাকা রোহিঙ্গারা প্রাণ বাঁচাতে এদিক-ওদিক ছুটছে। অনেকে আবার এপারে আসতে চেষ্টা চালাচ্ছে বলে শুনেছি'।

এদিকে, সীমান্তের ওপারে রাখাইনে চলমান সংঘাতের কারণে নতুন করে বাংলাদেশে যাতে রোহিঙ্গা অনুপ্রবেশ না ঘটে সেজন্য বাড়তি নিরাপত্তা ব্যবস্থা নিয়েছে বাংলাদেশ কোস্ট গার্ড এবং সীমান্তরক্ষী বর্ডার গার্ড বিজিবি।

টেকনাফ-২ বিজিবির অধিনায়ক লেফটেন্যান্ট কর্নেল মো. মহিউদ্দিন আহমেদ বলেন, মিয়ানমারের রাখাইনে গোলাগুলি চলছে। এ কারণে এপারে বিকট শব্দ পাওয়া যাচ্ছে। কিন্তু আমাদের সীমান্তবর্তী লোকজনের ভয়ের কোনও কারণ নেই। সীমান্তে বিজিবি কঠোর অবস্থানে রয়েছে। পাশাপাশি এ সমস্যাকে কেন্দ্র করে নতুন করে যাতে কোনও রোহিঙ্গা অনুপ্রবেশ ঘটতে না পারে সেজন্য সীমান্তে টহল জোরদার করা হয়েছে।

টেকনাফ উপজেলা নির্বাহী কর্মকর্তা (ইউএনও) মোহাম্মদ আদনান চৌধুরী বলেন, ওপারে সংঘাত বৃদ্ধি পাওয়ায় সীমান্তে নজরদারি বাড়ানো হয়েছে। মিয়ানমারে চলমান সংঘাতে সীমান্তে আইনশৃঙ্খলা বাহিনীগুলো সতর্ক অবস্থায় রয়েছে। গোলার শব্দে সীমান্তের মানুষরা যাতে নির্ভয়ে থাকেন, সেজন্য সীমান্তের বসবাসকারীদের খোঁজখবর রাখছি।​

 

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[H3]Tensions in Rakhine, Chin have wider implications for Bangladesh[/H3]
[H3]Bangladesh cannot initiate a formal discussion with a non-state party like the Arakan Army. Yet, without any engagement of the Arakan Army, no Rohingya can be repatriated peacefully[/H3]

A group of old Chin woman with web spider tattoo on face in village near Mrauk U region in Myanmars Rakhine state. Chin people, also known as the Kukis are a number of Tibeto Burman tribal. Photo: Narinjara

The heat of Myanmar's civil war has already reached the Bangladesh border. However, this war - either the one in central Myanmar or those around the states - did not start today.

Understanding the present war in Myanmar requires an understanding of the history of the country's ethnic clashes. Burma (now Myanmar) emerged as an independent country in 1948, a year also marked by budding resistance from many ethnic groups.

The movement prior to Burma's independence was organised around the establishment of a federal country with regional autonomy of ethnic peoples like the Shan, Karen, Kachin, Rakhine, and others. The former prime minister of British Burma, Aung San (father of Aung San Suu Kyi) was supposed to play the role of the coordinator. Unfortunately, Aung San was assassinated six months before Burma's independence.

As a result, the promise of a federal country was buried by the post-independent rulers led by the superior Bamar ethnic group, sparking armed resistance by the minorities. For the last 75 years, the demand for regional autonomy and resistance to Burmese authorities has flourished in the country, both in non-violent or violent formats.

However, a new element was added to this movement in 2021, when many Bamar people took to the streets protesting the Bamar-dominated Burmese military or the Tatmadaw-led coup that ousted the elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi — also a Bamar. The Suu Kyi-led political party National League carried on with non-violent protests for a year after the coup.

But now the party is leading the armed resistance against the Tatmadaw. This is a new phase in Myanmar's history and also indicates that the whole country is now in a civil war.

As a neighbour of Myanmar, Bangladesh has been facing implications of the war, specifically the ethnic resistance in the Rakhine state, which shares a border with Bangladesh.

We know that the Rakhine state — formerly Arakan — was an independent land, but the British Empire colonised it and later left it under the rule of the superior Bamar. Similar to other regions, the demand for an autonomous Arakan state has also persisted since Myanmar's independence. The United League of Arakan and its armed force, the Arakan Army, tried to push the demand both in non-violent and violent ways.

However, the Arakan Army mustered more strength and sharpened its counterattack against the Burmese military in 2017. The Arakan Army is now trying to shift its headquarters to the Rakhine state so that finance for the guerrilla movement can be generated easily.

Similarly, in the last three years, strong armed resistance by the Chin ethnic group has weakened the presence of the Burmese military in the Chin state, which also shares a small border with Bangladesh.

Simultaneously, the security conditions in the Rohingya camps in Bangladesh have deteriorated. At least 90 Rohingyas in the camps were murdered in internal clashes that occurred last year. Their demand for quick repatriation has become louder, amid dwindling global relief for the Rohingya.

So the flourishing of armed resistance in the Rakhine and Chin states, as well as the tension in the Rohingya camps, is very much concerning for Bangladesh.

Bangladesh has been negotiating with Myanmar's central government for the repatriation of one million Rohingya people who fled the Burmese military-led crackdown in 2017. Now, the Arakan Army has emerged as another party to discuss with. Apart from Rohingya repatriation, Bangladesh would need to talk to the Arakan Army regarding the century-old border trade with Myanmar.

I would like to mention that Chin people in Myanmar, Mizos and Kukis in India's Mizoram and Manipur, belong to a common larger Zo ethnicity. There are similar ethnic people in Bangladesh's Bandarban district. So, the tension in Manipur, Chin and Rakhine needs to be discussed with great importance.

The Burmese military, cornered on the ground in the last three months due to strong resistance by the ethnic groups, will certainly intensify airstrikes over the conflict zones. Already, the Chin state has been affected and many people have taken refuge in Mizoram. The possibility of a new influx from Myanmar to Bangladesh is high.

During an interview, Arakan Army commander-in-chief Major General Twan Mrat Naing told us that the Arakan Army is willing to accept the Rohingya diaspora as citizens of Myanmar. But the Buddhist-dominated Arakan Army does not acknowledge the legitimacy of Rohingya ethnicity, which will be a concern in the repatriation process. However, Major General Naing showed interest in discussing the issues with the Bangladesh government.

It needs to be noted that Bangladesh cannot initiate a formal discussion with a non-state party like the Arakan Army. It will certainly annoy Myanmar. The great dilemma for Bangladesh is that without any engagement of the Arakan Army, no Rohingya can be repatriated peacefully.
[HR=3][/HR]
The author is a researcher of history and author of 'Burma: Jatigoto Shonghater Shaat Doshok.'

I do not think what happens in Myanmar affects Bangladesh.

India and even China have influence Bangladesh more.

 

[Saif]

I do not think what happens in Myanmar affects Bangladesh.

India and even China have influence Bangladesh more.

Insurgency in Myanmar has caused influx of Rohingyas in Bangladesh. Besides, scores of Myanmar security personnel have taken refuge in Bangladesh to save their lives from Arakan army. The unrest in Myanmar is the sole reason for diminishing law and order situation in the border areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is the only country in South Asia which has become a victim of insurgency in Myanmar.

 

[Saif]

Central bank denies UN report on weapons transactions

Myanmar’s central bank denied a UN report that the military government can still access money and weapons for its war against anti-coup forces, saying financial institutions under bank’s supervision followed prescribed procedures.

www.thedailystar.net

POST-COUP MYANMAR
Central bank denies UN report on weapons transactions

Myanmar's central bank denied a UN report that the military government can still access money and weapons for its war against anti-coup forces, saying financial institutions under bank's supervision followed prescribed procedures.

The Central Bank of Myanmar "expressed our strong objection to the UN Special Rapporteur's report", it said in a statement published in a junta newspaper on Saturday. "The UN report severely harms the interests of Myanmar civilians and the relationship between Myanmar and other countries."

The rapporteur on Myanmar's human rights, Tom Andrews, reported on Wednesday that while international efforts to isolate the junta appear to have dented its ability to buy military equipment, it still imported $253 million worth of weapons, dual-use technologies, manufacturing equipment and other materials in the 12 months to March.

The report said Myanmar had the help of international banks, including those from Southeast Asian neighbour Thailand, for its purchases.

Facing its biggest challenge since its 2021 coup against Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi's government, Myanmar's military is caught up in multiple, low-intensity conflicts and grappling to stabilise a crumbling economy.​

 

[Saif]

Rohingya may have entered Bangladesh in recent Myanmar clashes: Refugee official

Rohingya have faced persecution in Buddhist-majority Myanmar for decades, with large numbers fleeing to Bangladesh from Rakhine in 2017, following a military-led crackdown on the minority community.

en.prothomalo.com

Rohingya may have entered Bangladesh in recent Myanmar clashes: Refugee official
ReutersDhaka
Updated: 22 Jun 2024, 18: 15

Rohingya refugee children walk along the road at Balukhali camp in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 16 November 2018.Reuters file photo

Escalating violence in Myanmar's western Rakhine state in recent months may have spurred some Rohingya Muslims to cross into Bangladesh, a key refugee official said, although Dhaka insists it cannot accept more refugees from its war-torn neighbour.

Rohingya have faced persecution in Buddhist-majority Myanmar for decades, with large numbers fleeing to Bangladesh from Rakhine in 2017, following a military-led crackdown on the minority community.

Mohammed Mizanur Rahman, the Bangladesh official tasked with refugee relief and repatriation, said his office had received reports of Rohingya crossing over to swell the figure of nearly a million housed in refugee camps in the Cox's Bazar area.

"Some people have managed to enter Bangladesh in various ways and have taken refuge in different places," Rahman, who is based in the southeastern coastal region, told Reuters. "I believe some people are being allowed to enter unofficially."

Fighting has flared in Rakhine after a ceasefire between the Arakan Army (AA), one of Myanmar's most powerful ethnic armies, and the ruling junta broke down late last year.

Spokesmen for the AA and the junta did not respond to telephone calls from Reuters to seek comment.

The AA has captured nine key towns in the coastal province and pursued its offensive to take more territory, in a nationwide rebel onslaught that has left the junta at its weakest since taking power in a 2021 coup.

In May, the AA said it had taken control of Buthidaung town, which had a large Rohingya population, amid accusations it had targeted members of the Muslim-minority community during the offensive. The rebel group denies the allegations.

On Sunday, the AA warned residents of Maungdaw, a town west of Buthidaung that is home primarily to Rohingya, to leave ahead of a planned offensive on the settlement.

'Helpless situation'

But with exit routes blocked, several residents, a Rohingya leader and the United Nations human rights chief have said that Maungdaw residents have nowhere to flee.

About 70,000 Rohingya are feared trapped in the area.

Rahman said he had received messages from Rohingya that the AA offensive could lead to more displacement in Maungdaw, which touches the border with Bangladesh.

"I am receiving letters ... from organisations, especially the UNHCR, about their helpless situation, how they are stranded and that they want to come to Bangladesh, and they need protection," he said, referring to the U.N. Refugee Agency.

The UNHCR did not immediately respond to an email seeking comment.

Bangladesh's foreign and interior ministries did not immediately respond to emails seeking comment.

There was no change in policy on the Rohingya, however, a foreign ministry official said on condition of anonymity.

On Thursday, a Maungdaw resident who sought anonymity told Reuters that some townspeople had moved to nearby villages for fear of air strikes and artillery barrages as the AA edged nearer, with some injuries from artillery shelling.​

 

[Saif]

BGB sends back 31 Rohingyas from St Martins

Members of Border Guard Bangladesh have sent back a trawler carrying 31 Rohingya people and two members of Myanmar Border Guard Police after they entered...

www.newagebd.net

BGB sends back 31 Rohingyas from St Martins
Our Correspondent . Cox's Bazar 06 July, 2024, 00:35

Members of Border Guard Bangladesh have sent back a trawler carrying 31 Rohingya people and two members of Myanmar Border Guard Police after they entered St Martins Island from Myanmar early Friday.

St Martin union parishad chairman Mujibur Rahman said that the trawler carried these passengers from Myanmar›s Maungdaw area, a town in Rakhine State.

They were sent back on Friday afternoon by the BGB members, the chairman said.

He added that the passengers reported coming to the island because their trawler was not functional and the BGP members were armed.

Subedar Sanwar Hossain, the in-charge of the BGB petrol team in Saint Martin Island, confirmed that 33 individuals, including women and children, arrived on the trawler.

An on-duty member later confirmed that Rohingyas returned to Myanmar on Friday afternoon, without providing details.

Nurul Amin, a resident of the island and a beach worker for the district administration, said that he learned that due to the turbulent situation in the Maungdaw area, people from there have crossed the sea in several trawlers, with one of them arriving at Saint Martin.

Boat communication between Saint Martin and Bangladesh's mainland has remained suspended since June 6 due to safety concerns after a boat carrying election officials was shot at.

Cox's Bazar district administration provided some emergency supplies to the island under special arrangements.

Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan told reporters at his office on June 20 that they had warned both the warring parties, the Myanmar Army and the ethnic group Arakan Army, that Bangladesh would retaliate if anyone fired into the country's territory.

Asaduzzaman earlier reiterated that Bangladesh would not give shelter to any more Rohingyas as the country was already burdened with over one million Rohingyas, most of whom fled violence in Myanmar in 2017.

Liz Throssell, a spokesperson for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said in a press briefing in Geneva on May 24 that approximately 4,000 Rohingya fled to Rakhine on the Naf River near the border with Bangladesh, seeking protection.

'We are receiving frightening and disturbing reports from northern Rakhine State in Myanmar of the impacts of the conflict on civilian lives and property,' Throssell said.

On February 15 and April 25, Bangladesh repatriated 330 and 228 members of Myanmar›s border guards, army, and customs officials, respectively, who had entered Bangladesh through various borders, including Teknaf and Naikhyangchari, in Cox's Bazar.

On June 9, a total of 134 members of the BGP and army were sent back to Myanmar.

A Bangladeshi woman and a Rohingya man were killed by a shell fired from Myanmar on February 5, while several others sustained injuries from a recent shellfire, prompting Bangladeshis to relocate some villagers from bordering areas.

Bangladeshi fisherman Hossain Ali, 48, who was injured by a bullet allegedly fired by the Myanmar armed group Arakan Army while fishing in the river Naf, died on May 28 while undergoing treatment at Chittagong Medical College Hospital.​

 

[Saif]

St Martin’s cut off from mainland, residents suffer from food crisis

The waterway communication between St Martin's Island and Teknaf upazila in Cox's Bazar is yet to be normalised, leaving a total of 10 thousand residents of the island in acute crisis of daily essentials. Goods had been transported to the only coral island of the country through an alternative...

en.prothomalo.com

St Martin's cut off from mainland, residents suffer from food crisis
Gias UddinFrom Teknaf
Updated: 06 Jul 2024, 21: 07

Movements of passengers and cargo vessels on the Teknaf and St Martin's sea route have been closedProthom Alo file photo

The waterway communication between St Martin's Island and Teknaf upazila in Cox's Bazar is yet to be normalised, leaving a total of 10 thousand residents of the island in acute crisis of daily essentials.

Goods had been transported to the only coral island of the country through an alternative route but that too has been cut off since 22 June.

St Martin's union parishad chairman Mujibur Rahman and service trawler owner's association's president Abdur Rashid confirmed the plights the residents of the island are undergoing.

Abdur Rashid told Prothom Alo that two trawlers named SB Nayeem and SB Mayer Doa with supplies on 22 June went to St Martin's through the alternative route. The supplies included over three hundred gas cylinders, food items and 10-12 passengers. Besides, two speed boats brought 15 passengers including patients from the island to Shah Porir Dwip.

This correspondent talked over phone with about 50 residents of St Martin's Island including public representatives, businessmen, teachers, trawler owners and general people. They said they are not bothered by the internal conflict in Myanmar, but they suffered immensely as the waterway communication snapped.

All waterway communications between Teknaf and St Martin's have remained cut-off since 8 June. Earlier on 5 and 8 June, trawlers and speedboats were targeted by gunfire from Myanmar at Naikkhongdia at the Naf River estuary. Although none was injured, the trawler was hit by seven bullets. After the incident, the upazila administration stopped plying of vessels on this route. The authorities then permitted an alternative route through the 'Golgora' area Bodormoka in Shah Porir Dwip. However, the St Martin's service trawler owners association president Abdur Rashid said the owners don't want to use this route considering this as risky.

Studies hampered in two schools

The island has two educational institutes—one is a government primary school and the other is St Martin's BN Islamic School and College.

The primary school has a total of 205 students. Although there are seven posts of teachers and staff in this school, it currently has three teachers and a staff. The number of students in BN Islamic School and College is over 300 and teachers-staff is 13.

As the two schools were closed for Eid and summer vacation on 13 June, most of the teachers left the island. But the teachers cannot now return to the schools as the communication is snapped.

St Martin's union parishad's panel chairman Aktar Kamal said, "The people of the island are suffering. We are just living on by sustenance. Yet, we could have got some solace had our children got the opportunity to study. But their studies are being hampered due to shortage of teachers."

Shortage of essentials

Due to closure of the alternative routes too, the residents of the island are suffering from shortage of essential commodities.

The main market of the island is near Jetty ghat with several hundred shops and restaurants. It was learnt that most of the shops do not have stock of daily necessities. A few shops have some essential commodities, but they are being sold at high prices. No eggs were found yesterday in some shops on the north and south sides of the market. But a week ago, one egg was sold for Tk 25. One kg of potato was sold at Tk 110 and per kg onion was sold at Tk 150.

Md Hossain, a grocery shop owner, said supplies are not arriving from Teknaf due to closure of waterways. He bought edible oil, onion, garlic, ginger, eggs and rice on 22 June and stored them in the warehouse. Seeing people suffering, he is now selling the stocked goods.

He said people of the island starve to death if this situation continues.
St Martin's union parishad's chairman Mujibur Rahman said transportation of supplies is being hampered due to closure of water communication with the island.

"The local administration has to strengthen the patrolling of the Coast Guard and BGB in Badarmokam area of Naf river to normalise the movement of boats. At the same time, it is necessary to dredge the Badarmokam area due to the rise of shoals."

Teknaf upazila nirbahi officer Md Adnan Chowdhury said trawlers were allowed to go to St Martin's through the Teknaf coast of the Bay of Bengal instead of the Naf river to resolve the food crisis. But the trawlers are not using the route due to rough seas.

He added that the effort is on to solve the crisis.​

 

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মিয়ানমারে গোলাগুলির শব্দ, টেকনাফে আতঙ্ক
কক্সবাজার প্রতিনিধি
Published :
Jul 08, 2024 18:19
Updated :
Jul 08, 2024 18:19

মিয়ানমারের রাখাইন রাজ্যে সংঘাতের জেরে কক্সবাজারের টেকনাফ সীমান্তবর্তী নাফন ওপারে মংডু শহরে তুমুল লড়াই চলছে। রাতভর বিস্ফোরণের বিকট শব্দ সীমান্তের এপারে ভেসে এসেছে। থেমে থেমে মর্টার শেল ও গোলাগুলির শব্দে ঘুম নেই টেকনাফের বাসিন্দাদের। স্থানীয়দের মধ্যে দেখা দিয়েছে আতঙ্ক।

সোমবার (৮ জুলাই) বিকাল পর্যন্ত থেমে থেমে বিস্ফোরণের শব্দ শোনা গেছে।

টেকনাফ সদর ইউনিয়নের মৌলভীপাড়ার বাসিন্দা নুরুল আমিন বলেন, রাতভর গোলাগুলির বিকট শব্দ ভেসে এসেছে। এখনও থেমে থেমে শোনা যাচ্ছে বিস্ফোরণের শব্দ। এ সংঘাত কবে শেষ হবে জানি না।

তিনি আরও বলেন, গত রাতে নাফ নদের ওপারে মিয়ানমারের বিস্ফোরণের শব্দে বাড়িঘরে কম্পন সৃষ্টি হয়েছে। রাতে ঘুম নেই, মনে হয়েছে বাড়ির ওপরে পড়ছে এসব গুলি।

টেকনাফের উপজেলা নির্বাহী কর্মকর্তা (ইউএনও) আদনান চৌধুরী বলেন, নাফনদীর ওপাশ থেকে গোলাগুলির শব্দ ভেসে আসছে। আর আমাদের সীমান্তে বিজিবি ও কোস্টগার্ড সতর্ক অবস্থানে রয়েছে। এছাড়া কোনো রোহিঙ্গা যেনো অনুপ্রবেশ করতে না পারে সে বিষয়ে সীমান্তরক্ষী বাহিনীগুলো সতর্ক অবস্থানে রয়েছে।​