[🇧🇩] Save the Rivers/Forests/Hills-----Save the Environment

[Saif]

Climate refugees must be protected

A recent survey found that climate refugees are falling victim to modern slavery, both at home and abroad.

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Climate refugees must be protected
The government must effectively tackle slavery suffered by climate migrants

VISUAL: STAR

We are alarmed by the findings of a recent survey that reveal that climate refugees from vulnerable regions across the country are falling victim to various forms of modern slavery, both at home and abroad. The survey, conducted on 648 households across 33 climate-vulnerable villages in Sylhet and Pirojpur districts, found that 92 percent of the internal migrants face at least one type of modern slavery, while over 52 percent endure more than three types. The situation is even more severe for international migrants, with 99 percent experiencing at least one type of modern slavery and 81 percent enduring more than five types. Those surveyed reported experiencing wage withholding, restricted movement, abusive conditions, threats, intimidation, and even physical violence.

Over the last six decades, climate-related disasters have reportedly almost doubled in Bangladesh—from four per year before 1990 to seven per year after—significantly impacting agriculture and livelihoods. Cyclones, river erosion, and saltwater intrusion have forced many families to relocate. The most recent example of climate-related disasters is last year's devastating floods, which affected millions of people. As the government's efforts to rehabilitate them have been largely inadequate, migration has become a common livelihood strategy for them. Sadly, their desperate attempts to survive often lead them to further predicament.

In climate-vulnerable areas such as Pirojpur and Sylhet, the majority of residents report rising temperatures and worsening river erosion, which has led to a surge in both internal and international migration. Since 2011, approximately 84 percent of affected families have relocated to cities like Dhaka, Khulna, and Chattogram in search of work, often in exploitative industries. Additionally, 88 percent have sent their relatives abroad, mainly to Gulf countries, where they have to endure harsh working conditions. Another recent study found that migration driven by debt repayment further worsens the financial conditions of these migrants.

This situation must be handled with urgency. We urge the government to take immediate and effective measures to rehabilitate climate refugees and address the challenges posed by climate-related migration. It is crucial to identify vulnerable communities and implement targeted action plans, including comprehensive social protection programmes and job creation initiatives. Additionally, developing disaster-resilient infrastructure could provide significant support to those most affected by extreme weather events. Addressing the plight of our climate refugees should be a top priority for the government.​

 

[Saif]

Govt to renovate 19 canals to resolve water logging in Dhaka

A master plan will be made to renovate 19 canals for resolving waterlogging in Dhaka, environment and water resources adviser Syeda Rizwana Hasan said on Sunday. This plan has been taken to resolve waterlogging in various areas of the metropolis, including Dhanmondi and Malibagh, she added. The a

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Govt to renovate 19 canals to resolve water logging in Dhaka
FE ONLINE REPORT
Published :
Feb 23, 2025 18:54
Updated :
Feb 23, 2025 18:54

A master plan will be made to renovate 19 canals for resolving waterlogging in Dhaka, environment and water resources adviser Syeda Rizwana Hasan said on Sunday.

This plan has been taken to resolve waterlogging in various areas of the metropolis, including Dhanmondi and Malibagh, she added.

The adviser said that the work will be taken forward through a monthly action plan. To prevent pollution, owners of multi-story buildings will have to ensure their own sewage management. Canals will be restored, and more trees will be planted on the banks.

She said these while speaking as the chief guest at an inter-ministerial meeting held at the Dhaka South City Corporation's Nagar Bhaban.

The meeting discussed waterlogging in the city, restoration of canals and water bodies, and eviction of illegal structures.

The environmental adviser said that in order to eliminate waterlogging, regular excavation and regular water flow measures should be taken along with a long-term plan.

For this, effective coordination and strict monitoring are required among the concerned agencies. The government is committed to keeping canals and water bodies free from encroachment and ensuring proper management, she added.

The meeting, chaired by Local Government Department Secretary Md Nizam Uddin, was attended by representatives of various ministries and agencies, including Secretary of the Ministry of Water Resources Nazmul Ahsan, Administrator of Dhaka North City Corporation Mohammad Ejaz, and Administrator of Dhaka South City Corporation Md. Shahjahan Miah.

The meeting discussed in detail the ongoing and future plans to eliminate waterlogging in the city and decided to take immediate effective steps.​

 

[Saif]

Final notice issued to 2,046 factories: Operate ETPs or face action

The Department of Environment (DoE) has taken stringent measures to prevent pollution in the rivers surrounding Dhaka, including the Buriganga, Shitalakkhya, Turag, and Balu. A total of 2,046 industrial factories in Dhaka, Gazipur, Narayanganj and Narsingdi have been served final notices, instruct

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Final notice issued to 2,046 factories: Operate ETPs or face action
UNB
Published :
Feb 24, 2025 23:01
Updated :
Feb 24, 2025 23:01

The Department of Environment (DoE) has taken stringent measures to prevent pollution in the rivers surrounding Dhaka, including the Buriganga, Shitalakkhya, Turag, and Balu.

A total of 2,046 industrial factories in Dhaka, Gazipur, Narayanganj and Narsingdi have been served final notices, instructing them to keep their Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) operational at all times.

As per the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (Amended 2010) and the Environment Conservation Rules, 2023, factories discharging liquid waste are legally required to operate ETPs and, in the case of sewage waste, Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs).

But many factories either fail to install ETPs or do not run them continuously, discharging untreated waste into the rivers.

The notices were issued between 13 February and 22 February 2025, warning factory owners to ensure the uninterrupted operation of their ETPs and comply with environmental regulations.

Failure to adhere to these directives will result in strict legal actions, the DoE warned.​

 

[Saif]

HC orders dismantling of illegal brick kilns nationwide

The High Court has ordered the removal of all illegal brick kilns across the country in strict compliance with legal provisions and directed that a report be submitted to it by March 17. The order was issued on Monday by the High Court bench of Justice Farah Mahbub and Justice Debashish Roy Chowdh

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

HC orders dismantling of illegal brick kilns nationwide
UNB
Published :
Feb 24, 2025 20:15
Updated :
Feb 24, 2025 20:15

The High Court has ordered the removal of all illegal brick kilns across the country in strict compliance with legal provisions and directed that a report be submitted to it by March 17.

The order was issued on Monday by the High Court bench of Justice Farah Mahbub and Justice Debashish Roy Chowdhury after eight officials appeared before the court and submitted written explanations.

Additionally, the Director General of the Department of Environment, along with the Divisional Commissioners of Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barishal, Rangpur, and Mymensingh, have been summoned to explain their failure to take effective action against illegal brick kilns and the use of wood as fuel. They have been instructed to appear in person on March 17 to provide their explanations.

Senior lawyer Manzill Murshid represented the petitioner in the court hearing, while lawyer Fahima Nasrin Munni appeared for the Brick Kiln Owners' Association. Additional Attorney General Anik R Haque represented the state.

During the hearing, the High Court stated, “We must protect the country’s environment. Our normal lives are increasingly being disrupted. If environmental pollution continues at this rate, none of us will survive.”

Earlier on Monday morning, the Divisional Commissioners of Dhaka, Chattogram, and Khulna, as well as the Deputy Commissioners of Nilphamari, Lalmonirhat, and Kurigram, and the Upazila Nirbahi Officers of Savar and Dhamrai, appeared before the court in response to a summons regarding the failure to take effective measures against illegal brick kilns. They submitted their written explanations before the court.

Those who have provided written explanations have been exempted from personal appearances, but they have been directed to submit a complete report by March 17.​

 

[Saif]

CORPORATE CLIMATE ACTION: Solution or illusion?

IN THE fight against climate change, corporations are no longer bystanders but major players — with their actions determining the fate of our planet. With their expansive operations and influence, multinational giants exert unparalleled power to shape the planet’s future. While their ambitious...

www.newagebd.net

CORPORATE CLIMATE ACTION: Solution or illusion?
Md Zahurul Al Mamun 26 February, 2025, 00:00

IN THE fight against climate change, corporations are no longer bystanders but major players — with their actions determining the fate of our planet. With their expansive operations and influence, multinational giants exert unparalleled power to shape the planet’s future. While their ambitious net-zero pledges and glossy sustainability reports paint an optimistic picture, the reality on the ground often tells a different story. For companies like Unilever and Coca-Cola, which are celebrated as leaders in corporate sustainability, their efforts frequently exacerbate existing global inequalities, shifting the burden of climate action onto vulnerable nations like Bangladesh. This dynamic, often described as environmental colonialism, raises a critical question: Are we witnessing genuine sustainability efforts, or is this another chapter of corporate greenwashing — one that demands immediate accountability?

Unilever: sustainability or greenwashing?

Unilever, a consumer goods giant with a significant presence in Bangladesh, has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions across its value chain by 2039 and reduce absolute greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Initiatives such as the Climate Transition Action Plan (CTAP) and a €1 billion investment in the Climate & Nature Fund reflect its commitment to deforestation-free supply chains and sustainable farming practices. However, while the headlines are grand, the ground reality is far more nuanced.

Unilever sources tea and other agricultural products from Bangladesh, often through complex networks of smallholder farmers. While promoting ‘sustainable sourcing’ on a global scale, the company’s practices in Bangladesh have been criticised for placing the burden of meeting sustainability standards disproportionately on these farmers, who often lack the resources and technical support to implement the required changes. This raises a fundamental question: can a profit-driven multinational achieve true sustainability without exacerbating existing inequalities?

Unilever’s operations in Bangladesh have also exacerbated the country’s mounting plastic waste crisis. Bangladesh generates over 800,000 metric tons of plastic waste annually, of which only 31 per cent is recycled. A significant portion of this waste consists of single-use packaging associated with FMCG—a category dominated by Unilever. While Unilever has launched recycling initiatives, these programs remain limited in scale and effectiveness. In a nation with inadequate waste management infrastructure, much of this plastic packaging associated with Unilever’s products ends up in landfills, waterways, and drainage systems, worsening environmental pollution and public health risks.

Unilever’s sustainability narrative has not gone unchallenged. In 2021, the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority launched an investigation into the environmental claims of several multinational corporations, including Unilever, questioning whether their marketing practices were misleading consumers about the true environmental impact of their products. Critics argue that while Unilever emphasises ambitious global targets, these often obscure the local realities of its operations, where the environmental and social costs of sustainability efforts fall disproportionately on marginalised communities. These concerns highlight a broader doubt about corporate transparency in sustainability efforts.

Coca-Cola: a plastic paradox

THE greenwashing is even more pronounced in the case of Coca-Cola, the world’s largest beverage company. Coca-Cola has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 and reduce absolute GHG emissions by 25 per cent by 2030. It has also committed to using 100 per cent renewable electricity and incorporating at least 50 per cent recycled content in its packaging by 2030. While Coca-Cola’s commitment to sustainability is grand, on-the-ground realities paint a starkly different picture.

In Bangladesh, where single-use plastics are a growing environmental crisis due to inadequate waste collection and recycling infrastructure, Coca-Cola’s high volume of single-use plastic bottles exacerbates the problem. According to the Environment and Social Development Organisation’s Brand Audit 2022, Coca-Cola has been the leading contributor to single-use plastic pollution in Bangladesh for the fifth consecutive year, accounting for 20.78 per cent of the total plastic waste collected during the audit. This overwhelming waste clogs drainage systems exacerbate flooding during monsoons, pollute rivers and canals, and wreak havoc on aquatic ecosystems, creating severe environmental and public health challenges.

In response to mounting criticism, Coca-Cola has piloted recycling projects in Bangladesh, partnering with SR Asia and Cordaid Bangladesh to collect and recycle PET bottles in collaboration with Dhaka South and North City Corporations. However, these efforts only address a fraction of the plastic waste Coca-Cola generates annually. Furthermore, the focus on recycling shifts responsibility from the producer to the consumer, perpetuating what researchers call the ‘plastic paradox.’ And a more alarming fact: in December 2024, Coca-Cola dropped its reuse targets and reduced its plastic recycling goals, further undermining its global sustainability commitments. So, the question remains: how can a company whose business model is predicated on high-volume plastic consumption genuinely contribute to a sustainable future, especially in countries with limited waste management capacity?

Coca-Cola’s global credibility has also been challenged. In 2021, a lawsuit filed in Washington DC accused the company of misleading consumers about the recyclability of its plastic bottles, exposing inconsistencies between its sustainability claims and actual practices. These allegations have widened the credibility gap and highlighted the systemic challenges of aligning high-consumption business models with true sustainability. The plastic paradox — the tension between high-consumption models and sustainability goals—remains unresolved.

Environmental colonialism

ONE of the most troubling aspects of corporate climate action is the outsourcing of environmental costs to developing nations. As companies in the Global North race to achieve net-zero emissions, the environmental and economic burdens of these goals are often passed down to the Global South. This dynamic incarnates modern environmental colonialism, where wealthy nations and corporations exploit the resources of poorer countries and reap the benefits of a ‘green’ image while leaving them to bear the brunt of environmental degradation.

For Bangladesh, this reality is already unfolding. Despite contributing minimally to global emissions, Bangladesh faces devastating climate impacts, compounded by the inequities embedded in corporate sustainability practices. Achieving its ambitious climate goals under the Paris Agreement requires substantial financial and technical support, which domestic resources alone cannot provide. If multinational corporations truly seek to support Bangladesh’s climate resilience, they must move beyond superficial commitments. Long-term partnerships rooted in local knowledge and capacity building are essential to ensure that corporate initiatives lead to meaningful change rather than perpetuating existing inequalities.

Solution or illusion?

THE climate crisis demands transformative corporate action, not superficial pledges or public relations exercises. Multinational corporations have the power to drive meaningful change, but only if they confront the systemic injustices embedded in their supply chains and business models. Addressing the climate crisis is not just about reducing emissions or recycling a few bottles — it requires dismantling the structures that allow wealthy nations and corporations to benefit at the expense of vulnerable communities in the Global South.

Corporate climate action must be held to account for its full spectrum of environmental and social impacts. Transparency, accountability, and equitable partnerships are non-negotiable. Anything less is not just inadequate — it is a betrayal of the very principles of sustainability and justice.

Md Zahurul Al Mamun is a climate change researcher and analyst.​

 

[Saif]

Honking a major concern on country's campuses: Rizwana

Sound pollution caused by excessive honking is a major issue on the country's university campuses, said Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Adviser Syeda Rizwana Hasan today

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Honking a major concern on country's campuses: Rizwana

Photo: Collected

Sound pollution caused by excessive honking is a major issue on the country's university campuses, said Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Adviser Syeda Rizwana Hasan today.

The adviser made the remark during the inauguration ceremony of the "Chattogram Research and Innovation Fair 2025 on Chittagong University campus. Jamal Nazrul Islam Research Center for Mathematics and Physical Sciences organised the event.

"Many people in the country are unaware that honking is both harmful to human health and illegal. Some intentionally use horns excessively. If awareness can be spread among the public, it may help reduce sound pollution," she said.

Highlighting the contribution of country's farmers, Rizwana pointed out that research isn't limited to teachers.

Many farmers in Bangladesh are also engaged in research and have already developed new varieties using traditional methods, she said.

She emphasised that the most crucial aspect of research is objectivity. If research is conducted within a government institution, the results should not be manipulated to fit the institution's preferences.

The research fair saw participation from over 100 schools, colleges, and university departments, along with research laboratories and institutes from within and beyond the Chattogram Division.

More than 190 stalls showcased research works and contributions from the past year.

CU Vice-Chancellor DR Muhammad Yeahia Akhter stressed on the importance of reforming the education systems, saying neglecting this sector is not an option as it is considered as the backbone of a nation.

The VC urged the government to take steps -- whether by forming a commission or through other means -- to make education student-friendly and research-oriented.

CU Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Academic) Professor Dr Shamim Uddin Khan, Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Administration) Professor Dr Kamal Uddin, Dean of the Faculty of Science Professor Dr Al-Amin, Dr Yasser Khan, a google award-winning researcher and teacher of the University of Southern California, were present at the event.​

 

[Saif]

CO2 mineralisation can help curb pollution in Bangladesh

Integrating CO2 mineralisation into its industrial zones could unlock both environmental and financial rewards for the country.

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CO2 mineralisation can help curb pollution in Bangladesh

Once a vital lifeline for Dhaka, the Buriganga River now faces severe pollution from chemical waste, medical disposal, and plastic debris. FILE PHOTO: STAR

Bangladesh's industrial boom has propelled economic growth, but at what cost? Rivers that once sustained communities, such as the Buriganga and Shitalakkhya, are now some of the most polluted in the country. Industrial waste, textile dye effluents, heavy metals, and untreated sewage have turned these rivers into toxic cesspools, posing serious threats to public health and biodiversity. The Buriganga alone absorbs 21,600 cubic metres of toxic waste daily, mainly from tanneries, textile mills, and chemical factories, according to a study presented at the IICSD conference in 2015. With no robust wastewater treatment infrastructure, the challenge of industrial pollution looms large. However, an emerging technology called CO2 mineralisation offers a game-changing solution that not only captures industrial CO2 emissions but also neutralises harmful contaminants before they reach our lives.

CO2 mineralisation is a form of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) that converts captured CO2 into stable carbonates through reactions with alkaline industrial byproducts like cement kiln dust, steel slag, and fly ash. This process permanently stores CO2 in solid form, preventing it from re-entering the atmosphere, while also neutralising harmful contaminants in industrial wastewater. The result is a dual benefit: reducing emissions and mitigating water pollution.

Globally, companies like Holcim, CarbonCure, and Carbon Clean are pioneering large-scale CO2 mineralisation projects. These initiatives have demonstrated that the technology is not only effective, but also economically viable. Bangladesh has already explored carbon credit markets, selling 2.53 million carbon credits worth $16.25 million since 2006. Integrating CO2 mineralisation into its industrial zones could unlock both environmental and financial rewards for the country.

The textile and tannery industries, which drive much of Bangladesh's economy, are also among the biggest sources of pollution. In areas like Hazaribagh and Savar in Dhaka, leather processing releases highly toxic substances, including chromium, sulphides, and acids, directly into the Buriganga River. CO2 mineralisation can neutralise these hazardous chemicals by introducing CO2-reactive alkaline materials that convert them into non-leachable, harmless compounds, preventing further contamination. A similar approach can be applied to wastewater from textile dyeing, which is often laden with sulphates, phosphates, and heavy metals. Through CO2-induced precipitation, these toxic substances can be removed before they are discharged, significantly reducing water pollution. This aligns with successful global initiatives like CarbonCure's concrete technology, which injects CO2 into concrete mixtures to enhance durability while reducing emissions.

CO2 mineralisation not only cleans wastewater but also repurposes industrial waste into valuable materials. Bangladesh's cement and steel factories generate large amounts of slag, fly ash, and kiln dust, all of which can store CO2 permanently. Instead of accumulating hazardous waste, these materials can be converted into carbonate-rich products, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional construction materials. This approach is used in Canada, where captured CO2 is infused into concrete, strengthening the materials while permanently sequestering carbon. Adopting this method in Bangladesh could significantly reduce the cement industry's carbon footprint and address the country's growing industrial waste problem.

One of the biggest concerns surrounding CO2 mineralisation is its high initial cost. However, Bangladesh can offset these costs by leveraging its carbon credit market, which has already shown success in renewable energy projects. Incorporating CO2 mineralisation into its industries could generate millions of dollars annually from carbon offset sales under mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Additionally, international climate finance, including grants from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and loans from the World Bank, could provide the funding necessary for pilot projects and full-scale implementation. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) could also facilitate financing the transition. Beyond financial incentives, repurposing industrial byproducts into construction-grade materials could create new revenue streams for businesses, reduce dependency on imported building materials, and promote sustainable infrastructure development.

The environmental and social benefits of CO2 mineralisation are equally compelling. Restoring cleaner rivers would improve public health by reducing exposure to toxic pollutants. Fishermen, farmers, and communities that rely on these waterways would regain access to cleaner water sources, improving livelihoods. The reduced carbon footprint of major industries would contribute to Bangladesh's climate commitments, helping the country emerge as a leader in sustainable industrial practices.

Unfortunately, despite its enormous potential, CO2 mineralisation in Bangladesh faces several obstacles. The high initial investment required for implementation, coupled with a lack of supportive policy frameworks, hinders its adoption. Additionally, many industries remain unaware of the economic and environmental benefits of this technology, creating a gap in awareness and willingness to invest. However, the landscape is shifting. The Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) and international initiatives like the Green Climate Fund (GCF) are potential sources of financing that could help bridge the cost gap. Furthermore, the growing global interest in carbon trading markets could provide the financial incentives needed to encourage industries to integrate CO2 mineralisation into their waste management strategies. Countries like Norway and the Netherlands have already established carbon trading programmes, proving that emissions reductions can be monetised. If Bangladesh follows a similar path, it could turn CO2 reduction into an economic asset while simultaneously improving its environmental footprint.

Bangladesh's industrial success does not have to come at the expense of environmental health. CO2 mineralisation offers a revolutionary approach to transform pollution into progress, providing a pathway to cleaner rivers, reduced carbon emissions, and new economic opportunities. Technology exists and funding mechanisms are within reach. The only question that remains is: how soon will Bangladesh take action?

Akash Talapatra is a PhD student at Virginia Tech in Virginia, US.​

 

[Saif]

Protecting arable lands in a land-scarce country

In a land-scarce country like Bangladesh, the steady loss of arable land remains a pressing concern, often posing significant challenges to achieving various developmental goals. A key issue is the uncertainty surrounding the actual rate at which agricultural land is diminishing. Conflicting report

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Protecting arable lands in a land-scarce country
Wasi Ahmed
Published :
Mar 04, 2025 23:04
Updated :
Mar 04, 2025 23:04

In a land-scarce country like Bangladesh, the steady loss of arable land remains a pressing concern, often posing significant challenges to achieving various developmental goals. A key issue is the uncertainty surrounding the actual rate at which agricultural land is diminishing. Conflicting reports and, at times, exaggerated estimates create confusion, making it difficult to ascertain fundamental details-such as the precise extent of land currently under cultivation, the portion allocated for industrial use, and the areas absorbed by expanding human settlements.

Such information is indispensable for policymakers and urban planners, enabling them to make informed decisions on a range of issues, many of which extend beyond agriculture and food production. Effective land-use planning is essential not only for ensuring food security but also for maintaining ecological balance, optimising industrial expansion and addressing the housing needs of a growing population. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive and transparent land monitoring system-leveraging modern technology such as satellite imagery, geographic information systems (GIS), and digital land registries-is imperative. Only with accurate, up-to-date information can the nation strike a sustainable balance between development imperatives and the protection of its vital agricultural resources.

Studies conducted in the past revealed that the country was losing around 1.0 per cent of its agricultural land annually. According to an agricultural census conducted in 1983-84, the country's total agricultural land was estimated at 9.2 million hectares. A subsequent study done in 1996 showed a considerable decrease in farm lands amounting to 8.2 million hectares. This went to show the annual loss at 1.0 per cent. But findings of a study conducted few years ago by the country's lead NGO BRAC revealed a somewhat relieving picture. Between 1983 and 2008, the study says, decrease in cultivable land was to the tune of an annual rate of 0.3 per cent. A subsequent study showed the annual rate of decrease at 0.4 per cent between 2010 to 2020.

While a database of the size of agricultural lands is crucial, there is also the need for accurate data about the reclaimed lands that the government has been announcing for some time now but not providing precise information as to their size.

In recent times there is an apparent note of complacency due to bumper harvests of paddy, but the matter of food security, anticipated as a result of increased production of the staple food, does not seem to hold ground as decrease in farm lands is accompanied by a considerable decrease in the number of rural population engaged in agro profession.

Now, while credible data is important, equally important it is to know the reasons behind the losses. The reasons are not many, but how these impact the loss and the measures needed to check are matters that require urgent attention from the concerned quarters. Offsetting the losses, to the maximum extent possible, through adoption of a combination of policies and actions could be the right way to address the situation.

It is quite clear that at the root of the loss, the number one factor is the increased demand for land as a result of an increasing population. More and more lands are required for raising homesteads, and the requirement is met mostly by agricultural lands. As per 2001 population census, the total number of homesteads in the country was 24.85 million which rose to 28.66 million as per 2018 agricultural census - at a growth rate of more than 15 per cent.

Similar is the case with the requirements of roads that come with increased population and decrease in agricultural lands. Coupled with it is the recurrence of river erosion that takes its toll on farm lands. As per estimates of the Centre for Geographic Information Services (CGIS), river erosion costs 1,600 hectares of agricultural land every year. Besides these, the menace of brick fields coming up mostly on farm lands has been a cause for serious concern for quite some time.

Looking at the overall picture, it appears that loss of farm lands could have been partly protected had there been a legal bar on the use of agricultural lands for purposes other than cultivation. Opinions expressed many a time by concerned quarters in the past to bring some legal instrument in force so that agricultural lands could be protected have gone unheeded.

While the loss of farm land is an issue of serious magnitude, there is also the need to examine a number of allied matters that need important findings by way of intensive research. For example, the need to examine economic returns of farm lands being used for non-agricultural purposes is one such. There is thus the need for research not just to update the available farm lands including those being reportedly reclaimed, but also to disseminate findings on a host of inter-related matters to facilitate macro planning.

It is here that the need for a comprehensive master plan becomes crucial-one that can identify the problems and suggest measures to address them as well as find ways to utilise arable lands in the most efficient manner.​