[🇧🇩] Student Revolution: Lessons from Bangladesh

[Saif]

Govt should double efforts for laundered money recovery

AN INVESTIGATIVE report by a British news agency once again shows that politicians and businesspeople linked to the deposed Awami League have laundered huge wealth off Bangladesh. The report, conducted by the Observer in collaboration with Transparency International that British newspaper...

www.newagebd.net

Govt should double efforts for laundered money recovery
02 December, 2024, 00:00

AN INVESTIGATIVE report by a British news agency once again shows that politicians and businesspeople linked to the deposed Awami League have laundered huge wealth off Bangladesh. The report, conducted by the Observer in collaboration with Transparency International that British newspaper Guardian published on November 30, shows that prominent Bangladeshi politicians and businesspeople own top-flight properties worth an estimated £400 million in the United Kingdom. The properties were acquired through offshore companies and members of the family, with ownership concealed using complex corporate structures. The report mentions the names of a few and members of the families that own the property. Among them are Salman F Rahman, who was private industry investment adviser to the prime minister, former land minister Saifuzzaman Chowdhury, businesspeople Ahmed Akber Sobhan, Nazrul Mazumder and members of their family. Members of the Rahman family own, or hold stakes in, seven luxury blocks of flats there while the family of Ahmed Akber Sobhan of the Bashundhara Group own three properties in the United Kingdom. The family of Nazrul Mazumder, founder and chair of the Nassa Group, own top-flight Kensington property. Former land minister Saifuzzaman Chowdhury and his family own or have stakes in more than 300 UK properties worth at least £160 million.

The report is understandably not an exhaustive one as many others are likely to own and have stakes in property in the United Kingdom while the people mentioned in the report may also have more wealth there than what was reported as ownership can be easily hidden by wrapping the property-owning company inside another offshore vehicle such as an anonymous trust. The accumulation of illegal wealth by politicians and businesspeople overseas, especially in the United Kingdom, has been reported earlier too by local and international media. A white paper published on December 1 on the state of the economy during the Awami League regime says that on an average, $16 billion were illicitly syphoned off Bangladesh every year during Sheikh Hasina’s ‘corrupt autocracy’, leaving the country in a ‘state of plunder’. The massive pilfering was only possible because relevant state institutions under the Awami League regime remained virtually ineffective or complicit. A culture of impunity and lack of accountability let corrupt elements get away by amassing illegal wealth. This is assuring that the government now considers repatriating stolen funds as its priority area of intervention, but it should quickly develop a strategy to fulfil its mandate, which is to locate the laundered money, initiate transnational legal processes and set up communications with countries where the money was transferred.

Illicit capital flow is a major reason for the ongoing economic crisis, especially the dollar shortage. The interim government should, therefore, scale up its efforts to recover the laundered money and hold the launderers to justice. The government should also deliver on its anti-money laundering pledges and put in place a mechanism to stop the recurrence of capital flight.​

 

[Saif]

'Graffiti of revolution: Bangladesh 2024' launched

A book titled "Graffiti of Revolution: Bangladesh 2024 - the story of a Mass Uprising Through Art" written by writer and social activist Abu Zubier was launched in Paris, France on Saturday. The book captures the historic 2024 Student-People's Uprising in Bangladesh through the lenses of graffiti

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

'Graffiti of revolution: Bangladesh 2024' launched
Published :
Dec 07, 2024 23:10
Updated :
Dec 07, 2024 23:10

A book titled "Graffiti of Revolution: Bangladesh 2024 - the story of a Mass Uprising Through Art" written by writer and social activist Abu Zubier was launched in Paris, France on Saturday.

The book captures the historic 2024 Student-People's Uprising in Bangladesh through the lenses of graffiti and street art created during the movement, according to a press release run by BSS news agency..

The 102-page book presents revolution artwork depicting courage, hope and resistance against oppression. Each graffiti piece reflects the emotions and demands for change of the people during that pivotal time.

"During the protests, graffiti became a voice for the people, a way to express pain and the fight for change," said Abu Zubier, adding, "The book preserves those moments, ensuing they inspire the future generation."​

 

[Saif]

Bangladesh needs to strengthen its political leadership

Effective political leadership is essential for achieving democratic governance.

www.thedailystar.net

Bangladesh needs to strengthen its political leadership

Top political leaders in Bangladesh must play a dominant role in changing the political culture for the better. PHOTO: CA PRESS WING

The role of honest and committed political leadership is paramount in a modern democratic polity. In a democratic system of governance, a party in power can fulfil people's desires and aspirations only if it properly follows democratic processes, starting with supporting free and fair elections, ensuring a functional parliament, promoting good governance, and guaranteeing the optimal utilisation of national resources. Without capable and strong leaders, a political party cannot be steered in the right direction to achieve national development goals.

Bangladesh faces a number of challenges today, but despite having the technical knowledge to address them, weak leadership remains a hindrance to their effective resolution. The crisis of political leadership in the country has reached such a level that people now desire reforms in all areas of politics, including electoral reform, constitutional reform, administrative reform, local government reform, and anti-corruption system reform. The interim government has formed separate reform commissions in these areas to offer recommendations for improvement.

One vital question is, why have we not developed a culture of honest political tradition? There is no easy or straightforward answer to this question. In different countries—particularly our next-door neighbour India, where democracy has thrived for the last 77 years without interruption—political tradition has matured and has been sustained without major shifts in social structure. Bangladeshi politics could have matured in the three and a half decades since 1991, following the departure of the last military ruler, President HM Ershad. By then, Bangladeshi society was believed to have become more open to change, less tradition-bound, and ready to embrace democratic values. In rural areas, the power structure was becoming less rigid, with traditional landowner-peasant relationships breaking down, creating room for the growth of other non-land-based power centres. This was an opportune time for grassroots democratic openings in Bangladesh. However, political maturity has not yet been achieved, and broad-based political activities remain less visible than expected.

The February 1991 parliamentary elections in Bangladesh were held under a non-party caretaker government for the first time and were considered largely free and fair. General elections in 1996, 2001, and 2008 were also held under caretaker governments. However, in 2011, the Awami League abolished the caretaker government system, sparking widespread protests by other political parties, particularly the BNP, Jamaat-e-Islami, and the Communist Party of Bangladesh. These protests have continued for the past 14 years, weakening the political process in the country.

Bangladesh, in its 54 years of history, has experienced a lot of political turmoil and frequent power struggles. These are due to weak political culture, a winner-takes-all tendency among parties, corruption, the use of government machinery for political gains, and harassment of opposition party workers and leaders. An idealistic attitude at all levels of political leadership has been lacking.

Although two female prime ministers have ruled the country since 1991, women's roles in politics have hardly strengthened during this period. Out of 300 seats in the national parliament, only 20 women were directly elected in the 12th general elections held in January 2024. Including the 50 reserved seats for women in parliament, women make up just 20 percent of the total MPs.

But what qualities should political leaders possess? Robert B Denhardt has identified five characteristics of effective leadership based on studies in the US, Canada, Great Britain, and Australia—commitment to values, service to the public, empowerment and shared leadership, pragmatic incrementalism, and dedication to public service. These leadership qualities are equally applicable to Bangladesh.

Bangladeshi politics has been dominated by national-level politicians over the years. In mature democracies, local leaders can rise to the national level through their performance. In Bangladesh, however, local leaders lack such opportunities due to increasing marginalisation by national leaders, who extend their power bases to the local level. For instance, members of parliament are often involved in local government activities, dominating local leaders and blocking their chances to demonstrate their capabilities. This tendency creates a leadership vacuum at the mid-level. Therefore, national-level political actors must cease their control over local government institutions.

Political parties should establish institutional frameworks with built-in restraint mechanisms to prevent leaders from becoming authoritarian. As Bertrand Russell noted, some political leaders are intoxicated by power. However, great leaders in various countries have set examples by retiring from politics early. In some countries, such as the US and the UK, term limits for heads of state or government allow other political leaders to rise to top positions, helping to avoid conflicts within party hierarchies. Top political leaders in Bangladesh must play a dominant role in changing the political culture for the better.

Another essential role of senior leadership is grooming young and emerging leaders towards a just and ethical path, rather than encouraging unhealthy political engagements, patronage, and graft. Top party leaders should monitor and screen out party members involved in violence, coercion, and oppression. They must also adopt objective mechanisms to select and nominate candidates who are seen as clean and accountable to the public. Political parties should instil ethical and moral values in their members. Since political power has a natural tendency to corrupt, parties must develop institutional mechanisms to weed out corrupt elements. Such discipline will restore public confidence in political parties.

Like careers in the corporate or public sector, political careers require capacity-building. National-level leaders need specialised knowledge and skills in areas like economic policymaking, environmental management, health service delivery, and education. Local leaders aspiring to rise within the party must train themselves for higher responsibilities. High-level positions, such as cabinet posts, should be awarded to deserving and knowledgeable individuals who demonstrate credibility and competence.

Although there are training programmes for government officers, bank employees, doctors, and engineers, there is no dedicated institution for training political leaders. Political parties should arrange lifelong training for their members, and politicians should undertake self-learning. This will enable them to become independent decision-makers when in government, without overly relying on bureaucracy. Politics, by definition, is the art of solving societal problems, and politicians must acquire the necessary skills to fulfil this role.

Effective political leadership is essential for achieving democratic governance. Politicians should operate selflessly for the benefit of the masses and dedicate themselves to fulfilling people's rights. Top leaders must implement government policies honestly to achieve national and international goals, such as poverty alleviation, reducing inequality, addressing environmental concerns, and fostering social development. The current reform proposals being developed by the interim government will only succeed if elected political leaders implement them with sincerity, dedication, and honesty. Therefore, political parties must participate in the ongoing reform process and prepare themselves to shoulder this responsibility.

Dr Nawshad Ahmed, a retired UN official, is an economist and urban planner.​

 

[Saif]

জুলাই বিপ্লবের কন্যারা ইতিহাস পরিবর্তনের ‘নায়িকা’: প্রধান উপদেষ্টা

বাংলাদেশে জুলাই-আগস্ট গণঅভ্যুত্থানে অংশ নেওয়া মেয়েদের ইতিহাস পরিবর্তনের নায়িকা বলে সম্বোধন করেছেন প্রধান উপদেষ্টা ড. মুহাম্মদ ইউনূস।

bangla.thedailystar.net

জুলাই বিপ্লবের কন্যারা ইতিহাস পরিবর্তনের ‘নায়িকা’: প্রধান উপদেষ্টা

বাংলাদেশে জুলাই-আগস্ট গণঅভ্যুত্থানে অংশ নেওয়া মেয়েদের ইতিহাস পরিবর্তনের নায়িকা বলে সম্বোধন করেছেন প্রধান উপদেষ্টা ড. মুহাম্মদ ইউনূস।

তিনি বলেন, 'তোমরা বাংলাদেশকে যে পর্যায়ে নিয়ে গেছো, সেটা একটা ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা। এই ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনার নায়িকারা বাংলাদেশে যা ঘটিয়েছে, তা পৃথিবীর অন্য কোথাও খুঁজে পাওয়া যাবে না। পৃথিবীতে অনেক অভ্যুত্থান হয়েছে। কিন্তু এটা সম্পূর্ণ ভিন্ন রকমের। কেউ তোমাদের উদ্বুদ্ধ করেনি। তোমরা নিজেরা স্বতঃস্ফূর্তভাবে অংশ নিয়েছো। এটা তোমাদের সম্পূর্ণ নিজেদের হাতে গড়া এক বিপ্লব।'

জুলাই বিপ্লবের কন্যাদের কীর্তিগাঁথা ও অবদানকে উপজীব্য করে 'জুলাইয়ের কন্যারা আমরা তোমাদের হারিয়ে যেতে দেবো না' শীর্ষক নারী সমাবেশে ড. ইউনূস এই কথা বলেন।

রাজধানীর ওসমানী স্মৃতি মিলনায়তনে মঙ্গলবার এই আয়োজন করে মহিলা ও শিশু বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয় এবং সমাজকল্যাণ মন্ত্রণালয়।

এতে জুলাই মাসে বৈষম্যবিরোধী আন্দোলনে অংশ নেওয়া বিভিন্ন কলেজ, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ‍ও অন্যান্য শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠানের ছাত্রী এবং কর্মজীবী নারীরা অংশ নেন।

ড. ইউনূস বলেন, বাংলাদেশের মেয়েরা, স্কুল-কলেজ বা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় পড়ুয়া, চাকরিজীবী, পরিবারের যে যেখান থেকে পেরেছে সবাই বিপ্লরে যোগ দিয়েছে এবং সমানভাবে এগিয়ে এসেছে এবং একেবারে পরিবর্তন করে দিয়েছে। ৫ আগস্টের পর নতুন বাংলাদেশ তৈরি হয়েছে।

প্রধান উপদেষ্টা বলেন, 'এই নতুন বাংলাদেশ আমরা গড়ব, এটা আমাদের শপথ।'

গণঅভ্যুত্থানে হতাহতের শ্রদ্ধার সঙ্গে স্মরণ করে ড. ইউনূস বলেন, 'তোমরা যারা প্রাণ দিয়েছো, আহত হয়েছো, তোমাদেরকে আমরা ভুলিনি।'

অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন সরকারের প্রধান বলেন, গণঅভ্যুত্থানের মাধ্যমে বাংলাদেশের মেয়েরা এমন শক্তি দেখিয়েছে, যা অন্য কোনো দেশের মেয়েরা এখনো দেখাতে পারেনি। এর পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে বলতে হয়, তোমরা অনেক এগিয়ে। এই যে এগিয়ে থাকাটা বিরাট সৌভাগ্যের ব্যাপার। তোমরা একটা সুযোগ পেয়েছো এবং সুযোগটা গ্রহণ করে দেখিয়ে দিয়েছো যে, আমাদের শক্তি আছে এবং আমরা সেটা প্রকাশ করতে পারি।

নতুন বাংলাদেশ গড়ে তোলার স্বপ্ন বাস্তবায়নের আগ পর্যন্ত সক্রিয় ভূমিকা পালনের আহ্বান জানিয়ে প্রধান উপদেষ্টা বলেন, 'তোমরা পুরোনো বাংলাদেশ বদলে নতুন বাংলাদেশ গড়ার যে ভূমিকা নিয়েছো, সেটা পূরণ করতে হবে। শুধু সরকারের ওপর দায়িত্ব ছেড়ে দিলে হবে না। এটার পেছনে থাকতে হবে, এটাকে প্রতিষ্ঠিত করতে হবে। যে নতুন বাংলাদেশের স্বপ্ন তোমাদের মনে আছে, বাংলাদেশের সব মানুষের মনে আছে, সেই বাংলাদেশকে গড়ে তুলতে হবে।'

তিনি বলেন, 'জুলাই-আগস্ট বিপ্লবের মধ্যে দিয়ে প্রমাণ করেছো তোমাদের প্রজন্ম একেবারে ভিন্ন। তোমরা মহাশক্তিশালী মানুষ। এই শক্তি শেষ হয়ে যায়নি, আমাদের পৃথিবীর সামনে আরও দৃষ্টান্তমূলক ইতিহাস সৃষ্টি করে যাব। তোমাদের কাছে সে সম্ভাবনা আছে।'

ড. ইউনূস নতুন প্রজন্মের মেয়েদেরকে ভুলপথে না যাওয়ার পরামর্শ দিয়ে বলেন, 'তোমাদের মধ্যে যে সম্ভাবনা আছে সেটাকে সঠিকভাবে কাজে লাগাতে পারলে সম্পূর্ণ নতুন এক বাংলাদেশ গড়ে তুলতে পারবে।'

কেবল বাংলাদেশ নয়, নতুন এক পৃথিবী গড়ে তোলার মহাকর্মযজ্ঞে নিজেদের সম্পৃক্ত হওয়ার আহ্বান জানান তিনি।

এ সময় শিক্ষার্থীরা উৎসাহ ও উদ্দীপনায় তাদের আশা-আকাঙ্ক্ষা ও দাবির কথা তুলে ধরেন এবং ড. ইউনূস তা মনোযোগ দিয়ে শোনেন।​

 

[Saif]

Won’t spare anyone, even if it’s Prof Yunus

Sarjis Alam, general secretary of the July Shaheed Smriti Foundation, yesterday said they would spare no one who would betray the ideals of the July mass uprising.

www.thedailystar.net

Won’t spare anyone, even if it’s Prof Yunus
Says Sarjis about those who’d betray spirit of uprising

Sarjis Alam, general secretary of the July Shaheed Smriti Foundation, yesterday said they would spare no one who would betray the ideals of the July mass uprising.

"From our position, we want to request everyone -- police, the army, and the interim government -- that we are not power-hungry or blind agents of anyone. If we feel that you are betraying the spirit of the mass uprising, we will not spare anyone, even if you are Professor Muhammad Yunus," he said.

He was addressing a programme at Rajshahi Zila Parishad auditorium, organised by the July Shaheed Smriti Foundation to provide financial assistance to families of those killed in the July uprising.

Mentioning that they are not the generation that sells their conscience, Sarjis said the relation of Bangladesh with other countries must be of respect and equal dignity.

"We want to say one thing to India: our relationship with you will be determined through your work. If you want relationship with Bangladesh, you must send back Sheikh Hasina. Hasina's trial will be done by the people of Bangladesh," he added.​

 

[Saif]

A turning point or a missed opportunity?

A reflection on Bangladesh's post-Awami League crisis and the need for unity and reform.

www.thedailystar.net

A turning point or a missed opportunity?

FILE VISUAL: SHAIKH SULTANA JAHAN BADHON

In an article published on July 7, in relation to the Awami League's mass corruption, I wrote that ordinary citizens have only two options left. One, allow it to cost them in every sphere of life—literally ruining their lives and turning them into slaves on whose backs those in power could continue to live their lavish lives. Two, form mass movements to change things. Given the political reality back then, for anyone from within the local media to call for the "formation" of mass movements was perhaps riskier than it appeared from the outside—whether it be from real or perceived threats.

Nevertheless, the reason why I wrote this was quite simple: the writing was on the wall. By that I don't mean that it was obvious that the mafia-like AL regime would fall. Indeed, there had been moments previously when I personally felt that, only to be proven wrong. But what was obvious from an economic side of things—in addition to the other grievances people had because of the regime's arrogant, oppressive and shameless behaviour—is that we were at a crossroads. Through absurd levels of corruption, the parasitic mafia class was destroying every avenue of real wealth production and producers, i.e. the hardworking citizens of this nation they scrounged off from. And without some form of imminent radical change, we were on the verge of falling off an economic cliff.

Given this and other realities, the fall of the AL regime is indeed something to celebrate. However, the mess it has left behind is not going to be easy to clean up. Take, for instance, the massive amount of wealth that has been syphoned out of the country. According to TIB Executive Director Dr Iftekharuzzaman, some $12-15 billion was laundered from the country annually under the former regime. Over the AL's 15-plus years in office, this adds up to somewhere between $180 billion and $225 billion.

The government-commissioned white paper on the economy takes it a step further, estimating that $234 billion was syphoned out of Bangladesh in 2009-2023. However, given the difficulty of estimating the true extent of the laundering—because of the complexity of the crime—even that may be an underestimation.

Another TIB finding suggests that people paid an estimated Tk 1.46 lakh crore in bribes to get services under the AL regime. Not only does such widespread corruption impose enormous social and economic costs on a nation, but it also imposes a heavy philosophical cost due to the scale of immorality that people are forced to participate in. After all, when you remove all morality from society, the only remaining, logical move for individuals is to act without morals—its just simple game theory.

There are endless examples of past AL corruption and warning signs at present that show the economy is in substantial trouble. Therefore, both the interim government and the people as a collective must prioritise turning it around.

What's disappointing, however, is that since the AL's ouster, the interim government has been forced to divert its attention from one less relevant issue—or a completely irrelevant one—to another. Non-stop protests on various issues have been causing further harm to the economy. While some of these protests were perhaps for legitimate demands, it seems people have again lost sight of the bigger picture.

Across social media platforms in particular, the political left and right seem to be constantly battling each other—and dragging everyone else into their fights. While I believe the battle between ideas is almost always a good thing, at this time, it must not come at the cost of our priorities.

Even though we say that in a democratic society, power, ideally, is supposed to belong to the people, reality isn't always that. It belongs to the elected representatives of the people and state machinery. Power only belongs to the people when the people unite to collectively exercise it—which alone can challenge the state machinery and those wielding its massive influence—like they did during the July uprising to oust the fascist AL government.

Having ousted the former regime, if the people lose their unity before cleaning up the mess left behind and creating a system that rewards moral individuals over immoral ones—one based on the rule of law in which justice prevails—then the spirit of July uprising will remain unrealised.

Right now, it seems that there is a race going on between certain individuals/groups/ideologues to claim the credit for ousting the AL government. However, we must not forget that if people with whom we don't fully (or at all) agree with did not take to the streets along with us during those July days, we would not have been able to break the shackles of AL fascism.

Another important reason to avoid infighting is that, in today's interconnected world, external powers can most easily interfere in a country's internal affairs when there is a lack of unity. Bangladesh has a history of being exploited by outside forces because its people have often failed to set aside their differences to focus on protecting the nation's sovereignty. Blaming those foreign forces serves little purpose—this is the nature of realpolitik. It is our responsibility to ensure we don't leave ourselves vulnerable to such threats.

Sometimes, in our efforts to tear down the walls of oppression, we forget that we must also build the walls of truth and justice. It is equally important to see through the euphoria of victory we are currently experiencing, just as it was to see through the despair during the darkness of oppression.

At this moment, we must be able to see what comes next, and we must not allow ourselves to be so intoxicated by the moment so that we forget what we are supposed to be building. This is the least we can do to honour the sacrifices of the martyrs of the July uprising—and those who gave their lives before it—to create a better Bangladesh. A Bangladesh where everyone, except for outright psychopathic criminals, has a place and a future, regardless of their differences.

Eresh Omar Jamal is deputy head of editorial at The Daily Star.​

 

[Saif]

Time for action to take post-uprising Bangladesh forward

Historically, revolutions often begin with an unified call for justice, equality, and change.

www.thedailystar.net

Time for action to take post-uprising Bangladesh forward

The government, for its part, must prioritise restoring law and order. File photo: Amran Hossain

Historically, revolutions often begin with an unified call for justice, equality, and change. These movements are driven by collective frustration against oppression and systemic inequities. Bangladesh's ongoing journey of reform reflects such transformative aspirations. What started as a student-led mass uprising with the noble aim of dismantling injustice now finds itself at a critical juncture. The nation must decide whether to safeguard the ideals that sparked this movement or allow them to be overshadowed by factionalism and opportunism.

At its heart, the uprising was a response to deep-seated inequalities. The initial days were marked by hope—a belief that unity could bring about meaningful change. Students, intellectuals, and reformers stood together, inspired by a vision of a better Bangladesh. However, history teaches us that revolutions are inherently fragile. The French Revolution, for example, began with cries for liberty and equality, but quickly descended into chaos due to internal divisions and opportunism.

Today, similar challenges threaten Bangladesh's revolution. What was once a united front has fractured. Different groups, each driven by distinct agendas, are vying for influence. This fragmentation undermines the original purpose of the movement. The parallels to George Orwell's Animal Farm, where noble ideals gave way to self-serving leadership, are hard to ignore.

Opportunistic elements have emerged, exploiting the July uprising's momentum for personal gain. These actors are adept at manipulating narratives, turning public grievances into tools for their benefit. Their actions, whether through financial exploitation or spreading discord, jeopardise the very foundation of hope the revolution was built upon.

Compounding this issue is the re-emergence of malign forces. These actors, reminiscent of Charles Dickens's corrupt aristocrats, have sensed an opportunity in the government's vulnerabilities. By exploiting public dissatisfaction, they aim to reclaim lost power. This growing boldness is evident in the surge of criminal activities across the country. Incidents like the murder of an elderly woman in her own home or crimes in supposedly secure neighbourhoods reveal a troubling erosion of public safety—a cornerstone of the uprising's promise.

Law enforcement agencies find themselves ill-equipped to address this rising chaos. Political interference, resource constraints, and low morale have left them struggling to maintain order. While the military's involvement has provided temporary relief, relying on armed forces to handle civilian law enforcement is neither sustainable nor ideal. The government must act decisively to empower the police and restore their credibility.

The path forward demands courage—not just from the government but from the very people who initiated this revolution. As Victor Hugo's Jean Valjean reminds us in Les Misérables, transformative change requires the integrity and resolve of good individuals. Students, intellectuals, and reformers must rise above divisions and work collectively to reclaim the movement's narrative.

The government, for its part, must prioritise restoring law and order. Bold investments in law enforcement, coupled with measures to ensure political neutrality in policing, are essential. Transparency in governance can help rebuild the trust that has been eroded. Regular updates on progress and clear communication with citizens will reinforce the government's commitment to the uprising's ideals.

Community involvement is another critical component. Local initiatives such as neighbourhood watch programmes and public awareness campaigns can foster a sense of collective responsibility. Addressing the socioeconomic roots of crime—poverty, unemployment, and systemic inequities—must also be central to the government's long-term strategy.

The military's role, while currently necessary, should remain temporary. Strengthening civilian institutions to manage law and order is vital for sustainable governance. A gradual transition away from military involvement will ensure that democratic processes remain intact and public trust in civilian leadership is restored.

Ultimately, the success of this revolution will not be measured by the fervour of its beginnings but by its ability to bring about lasting change. If Bangladesh can navigate this critical period with wisdom and resolve, it has the potential to emerge as a beacon of resilience and reform. The sacrifices of its revolutionaries must not be in vain.

As William Faulkner once wrote, "The past is never dead. It's not even past." The challenges facing Bangladesh today carry echoes of past struggles, but they also hold the promise of a brighter future. The July uprising's ideals—justice, equity, and unity—must be upheld at all costs. Failure to act decisively risks turning this moment of potential into a cautionary tale for future generations.

The road ahead is fraught with challenges, but it also offers a unique opportunity for transformation. Bangladesh stands at a crossroads. The decisions made now will shape its legacy for years to come. This is a moment not just for reflection but for action. Time is of the essence, and the responsibility to act rests on every citizen committed to the dream of a better Bangladesh.

Md Kawsar Uddin is associate professor in the Department of English and Modern Languages at the International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT).​

 

[Saif]

Exhibition depicts July-August mass uprising

A seven-day group exhibition featuring nine photographers is underway at Mirpur in the capital...

www.newagebd.net

Exhibition depicts July-August mass uprising
Cultural Correspondent 20 December, 2024, 00:47

An exhibition, organised by Visual Arts Centre Counter Foto, depicts photographs, installations, dairies during the July-August mass uprising at Mirpur in Dhaka on Thursday. | New Age photo

A seven-day group exhibition featuring nine photographers is underway at Mirpur in the capital.

Organised by Visual Arts Centre Counter Foto, the event depicts the July-August student-led mass uprising.

The event was started on December 16 on the Counter Foto campus at Mirpur.

Curated by artist-researcher Faysal Zaman, the exhibition titled Raktim Probahe, Chitra-Chetonay Chobbisher Gana Abhyuthan is displaying artworks of the seventh batch of Counter Foto’s two-year professional diploma programme.

The artworks comprise photographs, installations, dairies during the July-August mass uprising, screenshots, graffiti, newspaper collage and collections from the mass media that intersect with dominant structures of political ideology and collective consciousness.

The artworks depict the condition of the people as they roared and celebrated during the mass-uprising while depicting at the same time their psychological scars and trauma from violence.

The exhibition features artworks of Md Nusaer Bin Khaled Nitol, Mohammad Sakiful Islam, Syed Samiul Islam Bishal, Nowrin Ansari, Najmul Haque Sagor, Sudiptto Paul, Tamanna Meherun, Khaza Moinuddin and Syed Mehedy Hasan.

‘The exhibition questions oscillating responses within virtual and mass media spheres, personal encounters that transmute into diaristic narratives, and the articulation of August 5, the day the fascist leader was toppled,’ said Faysal Zaman.

The exhibition will end on Sunday.​

 

[Saif]

Inquilab Mancha gives ultimatum for protesters’ security

Inquilab Mancha, a platform supporting the July-August student-mass uprising, on Sunday gave a seven-day ultimatum for the interim government to accept their three-point charter of...

www.newagebd.net

Inquilab Mancha gives ultimatum for protesters’ security
Staff Correspondent 22 December, 2024, 15:16

Pro-uprising platform Inquilab Mancha holds a sit-in to press for their three-point demands, including ensuring security of all students and people participated in the July-August uprising, for about four hours on the road near the chief justice’s residence at Kakrail in the capital on Sunday. | Sony Ramani

Inquilab Mancha, a platform supporting the July-August student-mass uprising, on Sunday gave a seven-day ultimatum for the interim government to accept their three-point charter of demands, including ensuring security of all students and people who participated in the uprising.

If their demands are not fulfilled within the deadline, the organisation will besiege the Secretariat on December 29.

Their other demands include the cancelation of Awami League’s registration immediately for mass killing, and arrest of all ‘Awami League terrorists’ from union to central level to protect ‘patriotic students and people’.

The organisation held a mass sit-in for about four hours since 1:00pm on the road near the chief justice residence at Kakrail until the chief adviser’s private secretary-2 Shazeeb M Khairul Islam received a memorandum from them, assuring that their demands would be considered.

Earlier in the afternoon, the police halted an Inquilab Mancha march towards the interim government chief adviser’s official residence Jamuna, also at Kakrail that began in front of the National Museum.

While concluding the sit-in near the chief justice residence, organisation spokesperson Sharif Osman Hadi announced besieging of the Secretariat on December 29, if the government failed to take effective steps to meet their demand.’

‘We want a specific roadmap about banning the mass killer political party Awami League through a press conference. The government has to ensure security of all students and people who participated in the July student-mass uprising,’ Sharif added.

He also alleged that Awami goons were carrying out assassination in the name of mugging and robberies, killing five uprising protesters, including three students.

He said that if the government failed to protect students and people, the chief adviser must change advisers.

Sharif also wanted to know how 626 ‘killers’ of Awami regime, including its general secretary Obaidul Quader, fled from cantonments.

Dhaka Metropolitan Police Ramna division deputy commissioner Masud Alam said that they had halted the march towards the chief adviser’s office.

‘We will not allow anyone to stage protests in front of chief adviser’s residence. The protesters took position on roads,’ the officer said.

A huge number of law enforcement personnel were deployed in and around the area to avoid any untoward situations.​

 

[Saif]

So many people didn’t sacrifice lives just for polls

The adviser stresses the need for reforms for which people came out and ousted 'fascist' Awami League government

www.thedailystar.net

So many people didn’t sacrifice lives just for polls
Says Asif Mahmud

So many people sacrificed their lives in the July uprising not just for an election, Adviser Asif Mahmud Shojib Bhuyain said yesterday.

Asif, adviser to the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development, and Cooperatives, was a key organiser of the student movement that toppled the Sheikh Hasina-led government.

Talking to journalists after distributing winter clothing among the destitute in Thakurgaon's Baliadangi upazila in the morning, he noted that the one-point demand of the movement was to depose Hasina and abolish the fascist system.

He said that the institutions of Bangladesh, including the financial ones, were ruined by the fascist system.

"So, we think reforms are very important. So many people didn't sacrifice their lives just for an election or vote," said Asif, also youth and sports adviser, adding that estimates suggest over 2,000 people were killed and more than 20,000 injured during the uprising.

The families of the martyrs, along with those injured in the uprising, also want reforms, he said.

The interim government's stance on completing the reforms is very clear, the adviser said. Reform commissions were formed almost three months ago and would submit their proposals soon.

"We will go for the election after completing the reformative actions through discussions with the stakeholders," the adviser said.

He added that the interim government would prioritise development activities in the "neglected" northern districts.

Long-term development projects will be taken up for the people of the areas so that they will get benefits even after the end of the interim government's tenure, he added.

Responding to a question about allegations that the injured victims of the uprising in Thakurgaon are not getting enough support, Asif said steps will be taken after discussion with the July Shaheed Smrity Foundation.

Thakurgaon acting deputy commissioner Shahin Sardar, Additional Superintendent of Police Liza Begum, Executive Engineer of LGED Mamun Biswas, and Baliadangi Upazila Nirbahi Officer Polash Kumar Debnath, among others, were present at the event.​

 

[Saif]

We will uproot injustice, syndicates: Sarjis Alam

July Shaheed Smrity Foundation General Secretary Md Sarjis Alam today said wherever injustice, syndicates, and extortion are seen, those will be uprooted

www.thedailystar.net

We will uproot injustice, syndicates: Sarjis Alam

Photo: BSS

July Shaheed Smrity Foundation General Secretary Md Sarjis Alam today said wherever injustice, syndicates, and extortion are seen, those will be uprooted.

"After such a big uprising, after shedding so much blood, and sacrifice of lives in the country, if the game of money or recommendation continues, then two things can happen. Either we will not let it happen, or we will give more blood if necessary to stop them," he said.

Sarjis said this at a winter clothes distribution programme and views-exchange meeting held at Government Pilot Model High School ground in Tentulia upazila of Panchagarh this afternoon.

Sarjis, also one of the student coordinators of the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement that led the uprising against the Awami League government, said, "We want to give a message on behalf of the students and people, especially to the young generation, our attention will gradually turn to each system."

"Wherever we see injustice, syndicates, and extortion, we will uproot them," he said.

He said Tentulia is an important place in Bangladesh as the Banglabandha Land Port, which is a four-country land port, is here.

At the time of establishment of the land port, all the people who were supposed to be employed here weren't employed. But, some people have taken everyone hostage by forming a syndicate, he added.

He said, "If we are united, we will not allow injustice, syndicates or recruitment trade to take place in the land port."

Adviser to the Ministries of LGRD and Cooperatives and Youth and Sports Asif Mahmud Sajeeb Bhuiyan also addressed the event as the chief guest.​

 

[Saif]

Revulationary potential of July uprising

The revolutionary task of the ‘revolutionary potential’ of the 2024 mass uprising is to dismantle Bangladesh’s authoritarian state structure and establish a new political framework. This is...

www.newagebd.net

Revulationary potential of July uprising
by Zobaer Al Mahmud 26 December, 2024, 00:00

New Age/Sony Ramany

The revolutionary task of the ‘revolutionary potential’ of the 2024 mass uprising is to dismantle Bangladesh’s authoritarian state structure and establish a new political framework. This is undoubtedly a revolutionary aspiration, one that not only enjoys public support but has also seen people shed blood to achieve it. Channelling this revolutionary aspiration into concrete political transformation is the revolutionary task at hand, requiring the acceleration of the second phase of the mass uprising. It is crucial to note here that revolutions do not always have to be socialist or religious; they can also be liberal democratic revolutions. In Bangladesh, most notions of revolution have been derived from China or Russia, and the literature on revolution has traditionally been dominated by leftists. Consequently, the democratic revolution of 1776 in the United States — which predated even the French Revolution of 1789 — has not been widely discussed or acknowledged within Bangladesh’s intellectual circles. The 2024 mass uprising in Bangladesh embodies the principles of both the French and American democratic revolutions while also being a unique Bangladeshi democratic revolution with its own distinct features, momentum, and aspirations. This mass movement was a rebellion against a fascist/authoritarian regime rooted in the colonial state structure inherited from British and Pakistani rulers, as well as the pervasive authoritarianism of the past decade.

However, political parties appear to be seeking solutions to the country’s political crisis within the framework of the existing constitution. This suggests that these parties are entering into compromises with the country’s deep state, regional powers, and global superpowers, aiming to preserve the current constitution, state structure, and system. By arguing that ‘the president cannot be removed in the name of constitutional continuity, as it would create a constitutional vacuum,’ they are effectively obstructing the revolutionary transformation of the constitution. Instead, they are steering the country towards maintaining the old ‘constitutional authoritarianism.’ Such a path will not resolve the crisis; rather, it will deepen it further.

It is challenging to explain this complex issue in such a limited space, but let us attempt to discuss it briefly. The constitution of Bangladesh lacks the concept of individual sovereignty, which essentially means the absence of people’s sovereignty. As such, this constitution cannot be considered genuinely democratic. The core principle of bourgeois liberal democracy is that the state and government should restructure all administrative and institutional frameworks to protect individual freedom, rights, and dignity — in other words, popular sovereignty should be the central focus. For instance, the French and American constitutions are primarily centred on individual sovereignty or people’s sovereignty, ensuring that the state structure prioritises the protection of human dignity and rights. Consequently, no laws contrary to these rights can be enacted. In contrast, since 1972, Bangladesh has operated under a system of ‘constitutional authoritarianism,’ where sovereignty is vested in the parliament or the state/government itself, and the primary objective of the constitution is to ensure state security and governmental stability. Although the current constitution acknowledges fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and the right to assembly, the power structure it proposes lacks mechanisms to protect these rights. Instead, it grants sovereignty to the parliament, allowing for the enactment of laws that could suppress fundamental rights. Therefore, a revolutionary transformation of this constitution is necessary to prioritise the protection of citizens’ fundamental rights, making this the primary duty of the state, government, and political parties. Based on this principle, the state structure, government, and power dynamics need to be fundamentally restructured.

The anti-discrimination student movement has recently raised a significant demand: to issue a ‘Proclamation of the Republic’ or declare Bangladesh’s Second Republic, in the spirit of the July Revolution and mass uprising. The importance of this demand lies in establishing people’s sovereignty as the cornerstone of the ‘Proclamation of the Republic’ and embedding it into the constitution. Such revolutionary reforms and the drafting of a new democratic constitution must be undertaken by an elected constitutional assembly. However, many intellectuals and political parties, including the BNP, are now arguing that the existing parliament should carry out constitutional reforms. This is problematic because the parliament itself is formed based on the existing constitution, and granting it the authority to amend the constitution effectively makes the parliament sovereign, not the people. History has shown that political parties in Bangladesh, upon being elected, have enacted repressive laws detrimental to fundamental rights, all within the framework of the constitution. Therefore, it is difficult to trust that any elected party or national government will initiate democratic constitutional transformation. Such transformation must occur during this interim period following the mass uprising, through a constitutional assembly.

Just four months after the mass uprising, the emergence of politics centred around ‘constitutional continuity’ has led many to believe that the deep state, controlled by Bangladeshi corporate oligarchs, along with major political parties like the BNP, has now allied with foreign powers to hijack the student-led people’s revolution. It is evident that agency politics is currently in control, shaping and influencing the course of political developments. The deep state, political parties, and global powers perceive this mass uprising merely as a regime change and are solely focused on a transfer of power, which stands as a major obstacle to genuine democratic transformation. A truly democratic and independent Bangladesh — built on the foundation of strong democratic institutions and a state structure that upholds the sovereignty of its people — runs counter to the interests of global and regional powers as well as domestic oligarchs. This is precisely why efforts are underway to hijack the 2024 mass uprising, just as was done with the 1990 movement.

The people of this country supposedly do not understand reform; they only understand voting. This is what BNP secretary general Mirza Fakhrul Islam has said. However, during and after the mass uprising, the people of this country wrote about reform and state reconstruction on walls across the nation. Mirza Fakhrul and others like him can still go and see those writings. The politicians should not underestimate the people who stood against the fascist system with their blood; they are not ignorant of reform or focused solely on voting. The people of this country want a new structure and also want voting. In fact, they now understand that the vote for a constitutional assembly is needed first, and then parliamentary elections can follow. Politicians are choking the revolutionary potential of a promising mass uprising, and now they are even desperate to block the reforms that should have been done in normal times. Why? Our demand is clear: first, reform and reconstruct the state, and then hold elections.

In the capitalist global order, the true sovereignty of a marginal and weak state like Bangladesh poses a dual challenge: it obstructs the economic and political dominance of global and regional powers, and it can also work against the plundering interests of domestic corporate oligarchs. Furthermore, a participatory state structure involving the people can resist the handover of key sectors such as services and industries to multinational corporations, thereby accelerating the development of national economic capacity. As a result, the revolutionary transformation of Bangladesh’s state structure, along with its administrative and legal frameworks — currently tailored to facilitate the unregulated flow of capital and a plunder- and exploitation-based economy — is not supported by the country’s deep state or foreign powers. Since Bangladesh’s political parties represent the same class interests, they also favour the continuation of this system. The stance of these political parties, advocating for ‘constitutional continuity’ by avoiding the removal of the president and opposing any qualitative change to the constitution, reflects a consensus among them to govern within the existing state, legal, and administrative power structures. This consensus ensures that the deep state can continue its mafia-like control and plunder while foreign powers preserve their geopolitical interests.

Simultaneously, established political parties can maintain their governance without undergoing internal democratic reforms. This alignment of interests among the deep state, political parties, and foreign powers to protect the existing system is effectively branded as ‘constitutional continuity.’ Such continuity politics, which was evident after the 1990 mass uprising, is now reappearing. Consequently, the revolutionary aspirations of the 2024 mass uprising — aimed at fundamentally transforming the existing system to establish a truly democratic Bangladesh — are once again under threat.

The responsibility now falls on the anti-discrimination student movement and the country’s genuine democratic forces. It is crucial for them to demonstrate political maturity and strategise the democratisation of the current constitution and state structure. Student leaders must work to raise public awareness so that people focus not merely on power transitions through elections but on the necessity of dismantling undemocratic and ‘fascist’ structures. Additionally, strengthening solidarity with the working-class population is imperative. Without this second phase of the mass uprising, there is little hope. Failure to achieve this will likely result in us becoming trapped once again in ‘parliamentary authoritarianism’ or ‘constitutional fascism,’ which would only serve as a nominal form of democracy.

If the anti-discrimination student movement retreats under pressure from domestic and foreign agency politics and abandons demands for a Proclamation of the Second Republic, the drafting of a democratic constitution, and the restructuring of democratic state institutions, this uprising risks being hijacked. The future of building a truly democratic Bangladesh will depend on how students and genuine democratic forces reorganise and mobilise. However, there is an imminent danger of reverting to the politics of plunder, corruption, and public oppression under the guise of continuing with the existing constitution and governance system.

The anti-discrimination student movement now needs to form a coalition of students, workers, farmers, and patriotic political activists to accelerate the second phase of the movement. This phase should focus on the democratic demands of the mass uprising — drafting a new democratic constitution and restructuring state institutions to build a truly democratic Bangladesh. The first to respond to the call of the anti-discrimination student movement were rickshaw pullers and other working-class people in Dhaka. Their significant participation was driven by their deprivation of rights and the acute inequalities they faced. Even after this government came to power, garment workers protested for unpaid wages and fair wage increases. Keeping this in mind, the student movement should incorporate demands for workers’ rights alongside its other agendas. Students must actively advocate for the rights of all workers, day labourers, and rickshaw pullers across the country. The Proclamation of the Second Republic must include a separate and practical declaration for ensuring workers’ rights. The constitution should also include explicit provisions to secure and uphold these rights.

Similarly, the movement can include demands for farmers’ rights. Due to neoliberal policies, farmers have been deprived and are not receiving fair prices for their produce. The state and administration must outline effective measures to address these issues. It is crucial to recognise that any change that excludes the rights of farmers and workers will fail to protect the interests of the people. History shows that no mass movement can succeed without the involvement of farmers and workers. To gain broad support for this second phase of the movement, students must engage not only the civil society and conscious political groups but also farmers and workers. The exclusion of farmers’ and workers’ rightful demands from the country’s political discourse remains the most significant political inequity. If the anti-discrimination student movement takes the initiative in addressing this, there is no doubt that the second phase of the mass uprising will gain momentum.

Dr Zobaer Al Mahmud is a political analyst and associate professor of pharmacy, University of Dhaka.​

 

[Saif]

Graffiti ignites a flame of anger in 2024 uprising

Graffiti, a form of writings or drawings on open walls, appeared to be an aesthetic mode of rebellion against the fallen Awami League (AL) in the July-August uprising of 2024, ending around 16 years of autocratic rule in the country. Graffiti re-emerged as a tool for expressing resentment in the c

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Graffiti ignites a flame of anger in 2024 uprising
BSS
Published :
Dec 27, 2024 20:10
Updated :
Dec 27, 2024 20:10

Graffiti, a form of writings or drawings on open walls, appeared to be an aesthetic mode of rebellion against the fallen Awami League (AL) in the July-August uprising of 2024, ending around 16 years of autocratic rule in the country.

Graffiti re-emerged as a tool for expressing resentment in the country as the July revolution against deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina's misrule got momentum, turning every wall into a canvas of protest, expressing hopes and aspirations of youths along with their anger, disappointment and revolt.

Revolutionary students and mass people took colours and brushes to paint thousands of walls, especially in the capital city and other divisional and district towns innocently. But it was a powerful effort to expose mass rebellion against the then-AL government.

City walls were decorated with colourful artworks as pro-democratic people along with students of every school, college, university and madrasah posed as true artists. The graffiti possessed a strong message that helped spearhead anti-fascist resistance.

The people of Bangladesh saw a unique and extraordinary mass uprising in the middle of 2024, appearing to be the most spontaneous in people's participation along with the most awful and severe in the context of violence.

The mass upsurge saw over eight hundred deaths and twelve thousand injured due to the brutal tackling of AL as the country didn't witness such casualties during nine years of autocratic rule of General Ershad and even during pre-independence period such as the 1952 Language Movement and 1969 Mass Uprising against occupation Pakistani ruler.

However, the indiscriminate killings of AL could not tame the mass movement as revolutionary people took up diversified political strategies to continue the anti-Hasina movement, resulting in the emergence of graffiti as a form of mass discontent in the uprising.

The use of graffiti was seen on the walls as the movement started just centring quota reform in government jobs. Students painted graffiti as a method of dissatisfaction and anger against the then-AL government's stance about quotas along with traditional political programmes like processions, rallies and strikes.

They exposed their expressions of mind drawing graffiti on the walls titled "Quota Na Medha, Medha, Medha (quota or merit, merit, merit)", "Quota Protha Nipat Jak, Medhabira Mukti Pak (down with quota system, meritorious persons be free)", or "Amar Sonar Banglai Boisommer Thai nay (no discrimination will be allowed in the golden Bangla".

But, at the beginning of the movement, graffiti is not widely used as a tool of resistance. Its use was slightly enhanced after the Chhatra League unleashed an attack on agitating students on the Dhaka University campus. Then, in the face of a brutal attack by government forces and Awami League cadres, the more the movement intensified the more the usage of graffiti increased.

At one stage, the anti-discrimination students' movement announced a programme of drawing graffiti and wall writing online and offline on July 18 as the quota reform movement turned into a mass upsurge.

Revolutionary students and mass people carried out the programme in Dhaka city and elsewhere in the country risking their lives in the red eye of law enforcers and loyalists of Awami League.

The people being aggrieved by the heavy-handed crackdown of the autocrat government opted for graffiti to expose their resentment against Sheikh Hasina. They expressed their long overdue hatred against Hasina's fascism. Every graffiti appeared to be a spark of resistance and an exposure of the rebel minds of millions, turning into a no-confidence mass of people against an oppressive ruler.

Revolutionaries chose open canvas of walls to protest injustice, misjudge, misrule and corruption of autocratic government at different times though graffiti drawing is touted as an illegal act in the world. They painted the walls with graffiti. So, many also call it "an art of street".

Bangladesh also witnessed graffiti as a symbol of rebellion from a long ago. The people of the country used graffiti to express opinions of dissent in 1952, 1971 and even 1990. In continuation with that, the revolutionaries of 2024 used graffiti as an artistic silent expression against Awami League's misrule.

Iconic graffiti like "Pani Lagbe Pani (Do you need water?)", "Lakho Shaheeder Rokte Kena, Deshta Karo Baper Na (The country which is bought in exchange for blood of millions of martyrs, doesn't belong to anyone's father)," "Chaite Gelam Odhikar, Hoye Galam Razakar (we asked for rights and you dubbed us as traitor)," "Hamar Batak Marlu Kane (why did you kill my son?)," "Bullet Diye Biplob Thame Na (bullet can't stop revolution)," and "Ekattor E desh Luv, 2024 e Purno Sadhina Luv (We got country in 1971 and got full independence in 2024)," were apparently a stiff resentment and defiance against oppressive Awami League regime.

Saner section of the society observed that this graffiti of rebellion will bear the legacy of the 2024 uprising among future generations.​

 

[Saif]

Students against discrimination: ‘Proclamation of July revolution’ set for Dec 31

The Students Against Discrimination is set to proclaim on December 31 the July mass uprising as a revolution.

www.thedailystar.net

Students against discrimination: ‘Proclamation of July revolution’ set for Dec 31

The Students Against Discrimination is set to proclaim on December 31 the July mass uprising as a revolution.

The Proclamation of July Revolution is likely to include what student leaders say is a framework for a country free of discrimination.

Leaders of the platform, which spearheaded the uprising that toppled the Awami League government, made the announcement on Facebook yesterday evening.

Hasnat Abdullah, convener of Students Against Discrimination, shared on Facebook a status about the proclamation late last night.

"Why do we need a Proclamation of Revolution? To save my existence, your existence, and to transform our movement into a true revolution, this proclamation is essential. This should have been done on August 5. Even though it's late, it's still reassuring news," reads the status written by Fardeen Hasan, editor of The Inquest, a bite-sized news aggregator platform.

"You may be wondering what this proclamation means. It is the formal declaration of a new political framework."

"The current government is illegal as per the constitution. But a proclamation directly challenges the constitution…the constitution needs to be interpreted and amended in light of the proclamation. It [proclamation] rejects the state system that has, until now, treated me, you, or anyone else as a mere pawn in a broken system…

"The proclamation is vital to overhaul this outdated state machinery. It will discard the obsolete rules of the state apparatus and lay the foundation for a new state structure illuminated by the ideals of July. The dreams of a new Bangladesh that people have cherished will be realised through this…"

The proclamation will feature a timeline of events, from the quota reform movement to the departure of Sheikh Hasina. It will also address critical incidents from the past 15 years, including the BDR mutiny, the Shapla Chattar crackdown, enforced disappearances, and extrajudicial killings.

A member of the platform drew parallels with other historical documents, such as the "Tin Joter Ruprekha" from the 1990 anti-Ershad movement and the Proclamation of Independence from 1971.

It will critically evaluate key historical events, including 1947 and 1971, and examine why the aspirations of various movements failed.

"The proclamation will serve as a documentary testament to the mass uprising," said Umama Fatema, spokesperson for the platform. "It will highlight how the quota reform movement evolved into a revolution and why people laid down their lives."

According to sources, the proclamation will explain the failures of past leadership and movements.

"The declaration will critique the proclamation of independence and the 1/11 caretaker government," said a member of the Jatiya Nagorik Committee, who along with others, drafted the proclamation.

Leaders of the Jatiya Nagorik Committee will be with the students at the Central Shaheed Minar at 3:00pm. Families of those martyred in the uprising will join the event.

Asif Mahmud Shojib Bhuiyan, adviser to the ministry of local government, wrote on Facebook, "Comrades Now or Never".

"This is the declaration of the burial of Mujibbad", wrote Hasnat Abdullah.

The students and Jatiya Nagorik Committee, formed in September, plan to launch a political party by February.

Tuhin Khan, a member of the Jatiyo Nagorik Committee, told The Daily Star, "This proclamation will serve as both a written acknowledgment of the revolution and its manifesto, embedding the public aspirations of the movement into its framework.

"It legitimises the post-revolution government, granting it formal authority. It plays a crucial role in constitutional restructuring, often marking the beginning of a new constitution. It is formal, written, and made public. It initiates a significant break from the previous system, laying the foundation for a new political order."

"For Bangladesh, this declaration symbolises a shift from fascism towards democracy, similar to the transitions from monarchy to democracy in France and Spain. However, it will also involve redefining secularism and reconciling conflicting ideologies within the nation's context."

He, however, said that these are his personal opinions and work of drafting the declaration is still ongoing.​

 

[Saif]

From crisis to change: Education will sustain the revolution

Standing on the isthmus of change, we must avoid any form of myopia.

www.thedailystar.net

From crisis to change: Education will sustain the revolution

VISUAL: SHAIKH SULTANA JAHAN BADHON

Let's take a moment to reflect on the remarkable year of 2024 as we approach its final act. Our national annals will remember 2024 as a conduit of change. The 53-year-old country shook off its midlife crisis and reinvented itself. The spark that came from students spread as a flame of mass uprising. The gale, akin to Kazi Nazrul Islam's poetic nor'wester, swept away the old and breathed new life into the stagnant system. The flag of a new beginning heralds new possibilities. But history tells us that revolutions don't sustain themselves. For changes to happen, we need a structural base and a superstructural vision. Education can help us attain such long-term, systemic, and sustainable change.

The call for reform started with a desire to end all discriminatory practices. The mass endorsed the demand through their wholehearted participation, toppling the regime that had alienated itself from the people with its partisan politics and industrial-scale corruption. Equity, therefore, must be the guiding principle of all reforms, including education. However, the delay by the interim government in forming an education commission suggests a tendency to reclaim politics from the vantage point of those close to the power centre. The reformers' fixation on ideological purity became apparent when they challenged the credentials of certain members of a proposed committee. Rewriting history to suit one agenda is a policy of the old. The new government must be forward-looking enough to craft an education system that equips students for a rapidly changing, complex, interconnected world.

Standing on the isthmus of change, we must avoid any form of myopia. We need to realise that by the time our students graduate, they will be competing on a global platform for jobs that don't even exist today. Given the exponential growth of technology over the last decade, it is clear that the frontiers our youth will inhabit a decade from now will be drastically different from our current ones. Our educational policies, therefore, need to find the right balance between accessibility and global immersion. There is no reason why we cannot envision our youth as world players. Recent ethnicity-based GCSE results placed Bangladeshi students only after Chinese and Indians. The data shows that given the right opportunities, our youth can deliver at the highest level.

The challenge for us is to create a condition where our students are motivated enough to learn. The ongoing wave of change has resulted in a sense of false empowerment and a disregard for institutional authority. By forcing authorities to publish half-baked results, cancel HSC examinations, ransack colleges, or oust teachers, enough damage has been inflicted to give students the false impression that they can chase illogical terms. The feeling that students learn more from the web has reduced the authority of both schools and textbooks. As educators, the challenge for us is to create a pull factor that makes schools and education relevant for our students. The shadow structure that thrived outside the school system promoted coaching businesses and notebooks. Then there was this tempting idea that privileges skill over knowledge. In a country where nearly 28 percent of tertiary-educated youth are unemployed (2022), it was convenient for the government to champion entrepreneurship and skill-based courses for self-employment. It's quite fashionable to cite successful university dropouts like Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg to encourage students to start their own businesses, oblivious to the fact that most startups fail. We rarely acknowledge that even the renowned entrepreneurs met the required high scores for admission into the world's top universities. There is no substitute for a strong educational base at primary and secondary levels before one ventures out to pursue passion or hone skills.

The previous government tried to bring in change by following a model from a culturally homogenous Scandinavian country with a strong Protestant work ethic. Traditionally, Finland prides itself on the best scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Countries across the world tried to replicate the creative model to inculcate a sense of lifelong learning in their students. In Bangladesh, high-paid experts persuaded the previous government of the model's potential, shielding the fact that Finland's model is experiencing a decline in success. The influx of immigrants has challenged the model, which relies on the highest standards of pedagogical practices, social democracy, and cultural homogeneity for its survival. In contrast, countries like Türkiye and Chile, which have incorporated indigenous models, have yielded better results in recent years.

The current government's task is to adopt a locally rooted but globally connected education model. The reformed curriculum should ensure that students from all socioeconomic backgrounds have access to quality education, bridging the gaps that currently exist not only in rural and urban areas but also in the three-pronged Bangla-English-madrasa systems. Equity also demands an objective representation of the nation's past, fostering a balanced understanding of history that can withstand political transitions. By embedding equity into the ethos of education reform, we can create a system that is resilient, inclusive, and forward-thinking, sparing future generations from the turmoil of abrupt and ideologically driven changes.

By promoting the success of Bangladeshis abroad, we can go beyond the myopic vision of thinking of ourselves within the deltaic confines. Bangladeshi-origin students in the United Kingdom outperform their peers, with only Chinese and Indian students surpassing them. This is not a fluke; it is the result of a structured, inclusive education system that prioritises competency and equal opportunity. It pains me to reflect on the stark contrast between Bangladeshi students excelling abroad and those floundering within our own borders. The pain intensifies when you consider that our students are falling behind without any personal fault. Their poor performance in literacy and numeracy skills is largely due to an education system that is plagued by abrupt and ill-conceived reforms, which are rolled out without adequate research or preparation. The education system leaves untrained and underpaid teachers to grapple with new methods. Students bear the brunt of this chaos. Petty interests such as commercial benefits and political gains exacerbate the situation.

We can learn our lessons from the Global South. Countries like Vietnam and South Korea have modernised their systems while remaining rooted in their cultural contexts. We must chart a similar path, combining global best practices with our indigenous realities. Our national vision should be ambitious yet grounded, aiming to produce informed, capable global citizens prepared for the challenges of the tech-driven world. The curriculum of the National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) rightly prioritised critical thinking, technological proficiency, and a deep understanding of our own cultural heritage in its framework. However, the textbooks failed to translate the policies, exposing our inability to generate content and develop materials.

As we step into 2025, let this moment of upheaval galvanise us to action. Our students' revolution demands more than just rhetoric; it demands real, sustained change. Let's honour their bravery and vision by establishing an education system that fosters their potential and ensures a brighter future for Bangladesh. Now that the storm has passed, we must rebuild with purpose and clarity.

Dr Shamsad Mortuza is professor of English at Dhaka University.​