[🇧🇩] Student Revolution: Lessons from Bangladesh

[Saif]

Fascism must not return

The Awami League government has been accused of repression, suppression, enforced disappearance, killing, mass murder and a fascist rule

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Interview: Mahbubullah
Fascism must not return
Mahbubullah
Published: 10 Nov 2024, 14: 41

Dr Mahbubullah is a former professor of Dhaka University, a political analyst and an economist. He was a leader of the 1969 mass uprising. In an interview with Prothom Alo’s Sohrab Hassan and Monzurul Islam he talks about the 2024 student-peoples uprising, constitutional reforms, the future of democracy in Bangladesh and other issues.

Prothom Alo: Sheikh Hasina's autocratic government was toppled in the 5 August student-peoples uprising. We have entered a new phase. The last 15 years was a horrifying chapter for democracy. Why do we repeatedly trip up on the path of democracy?

Mahbubullah: I see the matter a bit differently. The people of this region have been fighting for democracy not just from Pakistan times, but from British times. The demand for a constitution was an important part of that struggle. After the 1947 partition, the first election to the provincial assembly was held in 1954. Then in 1956 a constitution came into effect in Pakistan. It took nearly 9 years to draw up this constitution.

However that constitution was cancelled due to Ayub Khan's takeover of power and enforcing martial law. In 1962 he came up with a constitution of his own, the constitution of Basic Democracy. According to that constitution the people wouldn't be able to select their representatives through direct vote.

After the 1971 liberation war, independent Bangladesh’s constitution was drafted and enacted. Many people congratulated the drafters for coming up with such good constitution in such a short span of time. They thought that this would bode well for them in the future. But there were flaws from the very outset in the drafting of that constitution. The question arose as to whether those who drafted the constitution at the time, had the mandate to do so.

The 1972 constitution did not, however, remain unchanged for long. Very soon after the constitution was put into effect, amendments began. By means of the fourth amendment, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ushered in a one-party rule to ensure they would remain in power permanently.

Sheikh Hasina had the same objectives. The fall of democracy and rise of fascism stems from politics to retain state power without elections or the consent of the people.

Prothom Alo: A debate prevails over whether to amend the constitution, rewrite it or draft it anew. What is your view on the matter?

Mahbubullah: No one has made any announcement that the present constitution of Bangladesh is going to be cancelled nor has it been rendered void. The constitution has been burdened by many undemocratic amendments. As the caretaker government system has been abolished, it is not possible to hold free and fair elections under this constitution.

I personally feel that it is not possible to make adjustments in this constitution to render it people-oriented. In the prevailing debate over amending or rewriting the constitution, I am in favour of rewriting it. I feel that recommendations should be taken from the political parties and the constitution rewritten on the basis of a consensus. But there should be no delays in the task.

Prothom Alo : Given the present circumstances, questions have arisen as to whether Awami League can carry out political activities and take part in the election or not. What do you think?

Mahbubullah: The time has not arrived yet as to whether Awami League can participate in the election or not. Politics is changing in the country. Many new questions are coming to the fore.

There are two opinions over whether Awami League will join the election or not. There are those in favour of allowing Awami League to practice politics, while many are in favour of banning the party or keeping it away from politics. However, if a party or a mindset exists in the society or the state, I do not think it can be kept away from politics or the election by force or by means of the law.

Prothom Alo: So what then?

Mahbubullah: The allegations against the Awami League government are extremely grave. They have been accused of repressing and suppressing the opposition, enforced disappearance, killing, mass murder and a fascist rule. They must be brought to trial. But then again, questions will arise if the leaders and activists of the party who do not face such allegations are prevented from practicing politics. They perhaps will be able to practice politics, after the trials are over.

The problem is that the judicial process in our country is extremely slow. So the process may not be complete before the election. The government should take measures to ensure this judicial process is carried out as speedily a possible. Actually the question of Awami League doing politics or not has created such circumstances where there is no best solution.

Over the past 15 years Awami League carried out all sorts of misdeeds and repression. During this mass uprising many protestors were killed. This has created extreme hatred and anger among the people and so anything related to Awami League is a symbol of wrongdoing and repression. That is why Awami League is being opposed at every step. That is only natural. Once people’s anger subsides, the situation may change in future. Then maybe they (Awami League) too will be able to practice politics.

A political party can be known by its activities when in power. The Awami League of 1971 and the post-1971 Awami League are not one and the same. During the Awami League government from 1972 to 1975, an autocratic rule had prevailed too. And through the misrule or fascist rule over the past 15 years, the party had gradually been heading down a suicidal path. That culminated in the fall of the government on 5 August this year.

Prothom Alo: The student organisations associated with the political parties had been at the leadership of the 1969 and 1990 mass uprisings. But it was the common students that lent leadership to the student-people’s uprising of 2024. Does this signify any change in politics?

Mahbubullah: Those who led the mass movement this time are known as the coordinators. Some of them were associated with the organisation Gonotrantrik Chhatra Shakti, though they do not mention that organisation much now. The effort for the students to organise under some name or the other indicates the need for an organisation. In countries like Bangladesh where the seeds of democracy have not sprouted, there is ample scope for student organisations to play a significant role.
The movement of the students this time was not just a students’ movement, but a movement in which people from all walks of life took part. The people were already prepared to oust Sheikh Hasina and that is why they rapidly joined hands with the students’ movement.

While the conventional student organisations were not at the leadership of the movement this time, large numbers of their leaders and activists played an active role in the movement. The issues of the movement were also the issues of the opposition political parties. So it really can’t be said that there has been any significant change in politics.

Prothom Alo : From past experience, would you say people have lost confidence in the regular political parties of Bangladesh?

Mahbubullah: That is what many people are saying, but I think this is baseless. It will be understood during the election whether people have lost confidence in the conventional political parties. Awami League destroyed the country’s electoral system. That electoral system must be fixed. After that when a fair election is held, the people’s confidence or lack of confidence will be clear.

Prothom Alo: Three months of the interim government have passed. How will you evaluate the activities of the government? There is noticeable dissatisfaction among the people concerning the law and order situation and the spiraling prices.

Mahbubullah: This government has taken up several good initiatives. Several commissions have been formed as part of the reform plans. We look forward to them coming up with the reforms needed for a fair and credible election.

But there are apprehensions regarding law and order as well as security. The people are anxious about the increase in robbery, theft and mugging. The reason behind this is that basically it is the police that are in charge of law and order in our country. The police are not being able to function effectively since 5 August. We hear that many members of the force have not returned to duty. Until the police force is fully effective, law and order will not improve.

Then there is the matter of increased prices. The price of essentials had been spiralling from when the past government was in power, not just over these last three months. This trend has been continuing for the last four or five years.

A large number of exorbitant mega projects had been taken up during the last government. The expenditure on the mega projects had been three to four times higher than that of other countries. Funds had been wasted in many other ways too. At various times extra currency was printed to keep the situation in check. This increased the circulation of money in the market, pushing up prices. It will take time to rectify this situation.

If people can speak out, then I will feel that we are moving towards democracy. If people cannot open up and speak their minds, that fascism may just return in a different name and a different form.

Prothom Alo: BNP has asked the interim government to present a roadmap and hold the elections soon. What is you view on the matter?

Mahbubullah: The basic premise of the interim government is to create an environment conducive to free and fair elections. It is only natural for an election-oriented party like BNP to want a possible date or roadmap regarding the election. There is nothing wrong with BNP’s ask.

From the outward appearance of the government, it does not seem that they will remain in power for long. Dr Yunus himself said that the he will not remain in power if the people do not want it. I do not want to comment right now on whether anything else will occur in the future.

Prothom Alo : BNP and Jamaat at times launched a movement against the last government as an alliance and at times they held simultaneous movements. But in the changed circumstances after the fall of Sheikh Hasina’s government, visible differences have emerged between BNP and Jamaat over various issues such as the election and reforms. How do you view this?

Mahbubullah: I feel Jamaat has received a huge boost to its confidence. They have an organised force and a huge cadre force, they managed to play a militant role in this movement. This led to an increase in their confidence. As a result, they imagine that they do not need anyone else’s support or help.

It is unfortunate if disunity emerges among the stakeholders before the country’s crisis has been properly resolved. It is unfortunate because Sheikh Hasina is sitting in India pulling strings to create unrest in the country here. That is why those who want democracy in the country should maintain unity, or at least a working relationship.

Prothom Alo: Is there a possibility of extremist right-wing forces arising in this juncture of power changing hands?

Mahbubullah: As far as I understand the character or nature of the people of this country, I do not foresee any such forces coming to power through the election or any other means in Bangladesh. Various groups and organisations took part in the movement this time and so certain religious icons caught the eye. Sheikh Hasina had unleashed a rule of repression and suppression over the past 15 years. The recent activities can be seen as a fallout of that.

I had mentioned in one of my writings that the psyche of Bangladesh’s people is somewhat like a pendulum, swinging at one time to the left and then to the right. At times we lean towards secular festivity and then again at time we see a rise in religious rituals. This indicates that the belief or world of consciousness of the people in this country is still in a state of flux. That is because our nation building problems have not been resolved. As a result, we fail to reach a consensus on broad issues as a nation.

The task of nation building is not easy and cannot be done speedily. This requires strong leadership. Politics must go deeper. Politics based on mere slogans won’t do.

Prothom Alo: Are you hopeful about the future of Bangladesh’s democracy?

Mahbubullah: It is not enough simply to topple an undemocratic or fascist government. It is vital to ensure that fascism does not arise all over again. The rise of fascism is strongly linked to the economy. When lumpen bourgeoisie take control of the economy in a country instead of patriotic bourgeoisie, then democracy diminishes.

While all sorts of changes and reforms are being declared by various quarters, no one is talking about fundamental changes in the economy and politics. And that is why I am not too hopeful about the future of democracy. Even in such a situation I feel that people must be allowed to speak out. If people can speak out, then I will feel that we are moving towards democracy. If people cannot open up and speak their minds, that fascism may just return in a different name and a different form.

Prothom Alo : Thank you.

Mahbubullah: Thank you too​

 

[Saif]

Migrant workers played key role in July uprising

Chief Adviser Prof Muhammad Yunus yesterday inaugurated a lounge dedicated for the country’s migrant workers at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport to make sure that they get the honour and facilities like guests for their significant contribution to the country’s progress.

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Migrant workers played key role in July uprising
Yunus says at inauguration of HSIA lounge for them, gives pep talk to officials in Baku

Chief Adviser Prof Muhammad Yunus yesterday inaugurated a lounge dedicated for the country's migrant workers at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport to make sure that they get the honour and facilities like guests for their significant contribution to the country's progress.

"Our migrant workers are nation builders. In the July-August mass uprising, they played a big role. We will always be grateful to them," said Prof Yunus.

The "Probashi Lounge" is the first of its kind at the airport. "We believe this lounge will make their [migrant workers'] travel easy," Prof Yunus said.

Photo: Collected from Chief Adviser's Press Secretary Shafiqul Alam's Facebook profile

It will offer the workers a place to rest and subsidised food for refreshments.

The chief adviser said many more steps will hopefully be taken so that the workers can think that they are at home, and everyone is taking care of them, serving them well.

He said the nation should give the migrant workers the respect they deserve. "Bangladeshi migrants contribute to the country's progress by sending remittances and they should get the proper respect."

Prof Yunus stressed the need for easing the government services for the expatriates and said e-passports should now be issued for them.

Asif Nazrul, the law and expatriates' welfare adviser, and senior officials of the International Organisation for Migration were also present at the event.

Prof Nazrul paid tributes to the migrant workers and millions of members of the country's diaspora who made sacrifices time and again for their homeland.

Photo: Collected from Chief Adviser's Press Secretary Shafiqul Alam's Facebook profile

Fathima Nusrath Ghazzali, acting chief of the IOM mission in Bangladesh, said the UN agency has sponsored the lounge to assist the migrant workers.

"This is an initiative of the chief adviser. We are happy to support this initiative," she said, adding that the IOM is also sponsoring nearly 100 volunteers to help the migrants at the airport.

LATEST

Prof Yunus yesterday asked the Bangladesh officials and NGO and civil society leaders to put in extra efforts to highlight the country's climate crisis concerns at the COP29 summit from November 11 to 22.

He made the call in Baku after his arrival in the Azerbaijan capital to lead Bangladesh in the annual UN-led climate summit.

"Our main efforts will be to include our concerns and demands in the final declaration of the COP29," he told the Bangladesh delegation during a coordination meeting at a hotel in Baku.

Prof Yunus will join the main COP29 summit today and speak in at least three major events.

At the meeting, Environment Secretary Farhina Ahmed briefed officials about Bangladesh's stand on some key issues of the conference.

She said Bangladesh has set up nine teams to negotiate in all major areas, including climate finance, loss and mitigation, and just transition and adaptation mechanisms in the summit.

At least 29 NGOs and civil society groups from Bangladesh are joining the COP29, Farhina said.

She said despite assurances from the rich countries in the Global North, Bangladesh has so far received $344 million in grants and $250 million in loans as climate finance.

The UN's biggest climate conference, COP29, is seen as a "pivotal opportunity" to accelerate action to tackle the climate crisis.

Bangladesh Ambassador to Turkey Amanul Haq, among others, was present at the airport to receive the chief adviser at 5:15pm (local time).

Prof Yunus, who is leading a small delegation, will return home on November 14, said a senior official at his office.

Global leaders and diplomats from across the world are joining the annual climate summit to discuss how to avoid increasing threats from climate change in a place that was one of the birthplaces of the oil industry.​

 

[Saif]

Incorporate stories of sacrifices, ideals of July uprising in textbooks

The Education Rights Parliament (Shiksha Odhikar Shangshad) yesterday demanded that the stories of the July mass uprising, and stories of the martyrs be incorporated in the new textbooks

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Incorporate stories of sacrifices, ideals of July uprising in textbooks
Speakers demanded at a conference

Photo: Collected

The Education Rights Parliament (Shiksha Odhikar Shangshad) yesterday demanded that the stories of the July mass uprising, and stories of martyrs be incorporated in the new textbooks at a roundtable conference.

The conference was held at the National Academy for Educational Management and was chaired by Dr Niaz Asadullah, professorial fellow of North South University and convener of the Education Rights Parliament (ERP).

Md Shahnawaz Khan Chandan, member secretary of ERP and an assistant professor of the Institute of Education and Research, Jagannath University delivered a presentation on how primary and secondary level textbooks were politicised during the Awami League-led government in the last 15 years. He also recommended the inclusion of stories and narratives of the July uprising in the textbooks.

The roundtable was attended by prominent student leaders, academicians, school teachers and family members of the martyrs of the mass uprising.

Hasnat Abdullah, one of the coordinators of the student-led uprising, said, "We have noticed an effort to include a segmented narrative of the July revolution in the new textbooks. This is not acceptable. The stories of the revolution must be presented in the textbook as an integral part of the history of Bangladesh."

Rakhal Raha, a member of the textbook reforms committee and education activist said, "The way the education system has been destroyed in the last 15 years is absolutely unprecedented. We are absolutely in line with the recommendations presented by the Education Rights Parliament. Now, we need to think how to include the content [uprising stories] and make them palatable for the learners".

Dr Syeda Razia Sultana, professor at the chemical engineering department, Buet and a member of the National Curriculum Coordination Committee, said, "Stories of the July uprising must be incorporated in the textbooks. First, we need to decide on our national vision for the curriculum and textbook. This would guide us in incorporating uprising content in our textbooks".

Family members of the martyrs of the uprising also shared their heart-touching accounts of struggle and resilience at the conference and demanded the inclusion of the sacrifices of the martyrs and victims and the ideal for which they fought.

Farzana Haque, sister of martyr Sajid said, "Stories of martyrs should be incorporated in the textbooks but we need to avoid exaggerations just what the previous regime did in the textbooks."

Sanzida, the mother of martyr Anas, said, "My son's letter should be included in the textbooks. This letter can educate learners about how our youth made the supreme sacrifice for our country."

Professor Dr Mohammad Tanzim Uddin Khan, a member of the University Grants Commission, said, "I congratulate the Education Rights Parliament for their important proposals. To move forward with the reform proposals, we must protect our solidarity and work together to implement the reforms."

Professor Dr Niaz Asadullah, convener of the Education Rights Parliament, said in his concluding remarks, "The reforms in textbooks and the education sector should be done democratically. All the stakeholders, especially the youth and the students must be involved in the reforms process."​

 

[Saif]

Student protests must respect public welfare

Disruptions, violence by Titumir College students unacceptable

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Student protests must respect public welfare
Disruptions, violence by Titumir College students unacceptable

VISUAL: STAR

The daylong blockade of roads and railways by the students of Government Titumir College on Monday, causing severe disruption for commuters, is simply unacceptable. Even more appalling was the reckless act of some students throwing stones at a train they forced to stop, injuring at least 15-20 passengers, including children and women. Disturbing images published by the media showed bloodied faces of passengers, highlighting the trauma caused by this senseless behaviour. How could these students, who are demanding the establishment of a university transforming their college, believe that causing panic and disruptions would further their cause? Did they consider the harm inflicted on innocent travellers? What justification could they possibly offer?

Needless to say, the protests on Monday created massive traffic congestion across the Mohakhali Flyover and Airport Road areas, as well as surrounding streets, leaving countless commuters stranded for hours. The rail blockade further disrupted railway connections between Dhaka and the rest of the country, exacerbating the public's distress. Such actions reflect a disregard for public welfare and cannot be condoned.

This is not the first instance of students disrupting daily life with similar demands. Previously, students from the seven colleges affiliated with Dhaka University—including Titumir College—protested for an autonomous university for their institutions. Their actions, too, brought significant parts of Dhaka to a standstill over several days. In response, the government formed a committee to address their concerns and held multiple discussions with student representatives. This shows that the authorities are actively working towards a resolution. While progress may be slow and additional dialogue might be necessary, it is unreasonable for one college to paralyse daily life by blocking roads and railways, especially when an official process is already underway.

How could these students, who are demanding the establishment of a university transforming their college, believe that causing panic and disruptions would further their cause? Did they consider the harm inflicted on innocent travellers? What justification could they possibly offer?

Upgrading a college into a university—or creating an autonomous one combining all seven colleges—is not a decision that can be made hastily. It requires a thorough assessment to ensure the institution meets necessary qualifications and possesses the infrastructure and resources to function as a university. The interim government has repeatedly urged those with grievances to approach them for resolution. Representatives from Titumir College eventually did so, engaging in discussions at the Secretariat. However, dissatisfied with the lack of immediate results, the students resumed their protests on Tuesday, only to be withdrawn later in the day. Such impatience and unreasonableness are disappointing.

We strongly urge the students of Titumir College—and all others engaging in similar protests—to stop causing suffering to ordinary citizens. They must exercise patience and seek solutions through dialogue. Students should also carefully evaluate the legitimacy and practicality of their demands. Continued unreasonable and disruptive protests risk alienating the public and may ultimately do more harm than good to their cause.​

 

[Saif]

PID to preserve historic symbols of Anti-Discrimination Movement

The Press Information Department (PID) has taken a special initiative to preserve the historic symbols and memories of the July 2024 uprising, which symbolised the nation’s anti-discrimination ethos, as those are being recognised as treasures of national heritage. The PID, under the Ministry

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

PID to preserve historic symbols of Anti-Discrimination Movement
UNB
Published :
Nov 19, 2024 21:10
Updated :
Nov 19, 2024 21:10

The Press Information Department (PID) has taken a special initiative to preserve the historic symbols and memories of the July 2024 uprising, which symbolised the nation’s anti-discrimination ethos, as those are being recognised as treasures of national heritage.

The PID, under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, has prioritised the collection and preservation of these significant moments as part of the interim government’s 100-day agenda, according to a media release.

The initiative includes gathering photographs, news reports and other crucial materials from across the country to build a robust repository.

Over 1,000 videos have already been archived digitally, reflecting the movement’s widespread impact and public participation.

As a part of this effort, the Department has published a photo album titled ‘Roktosnata July Biplob’ (The Blood-Soaked July Revolution), featuring a curated selection of images from various stages of the movement, accompanied by detailed captions.

Another publication, a 10-volume compilation of news reports under the same title, is currently underway, with two volumes already completed.

Besides, video footage and photographs are being gathered from diverse sources nationwide, including media archives and public submissions. Notably, a significant portion of the broadcast footage from television channels has already been secured within the Department’s archive.

Over the past 100 days, the PID has disseminated 66 press releases related to the government’s initiatives against discrimination, issued 114 photographs, and published 13 features and articles focusing on priority areas such as state reform, corruption prevention, and equity promotion.

Two training programmes, involving stakeholders, were also arranged to reinforce the anti-discrimination agenda.

To enhance efficiency and accessibility, the Department has digitised 14 services, including applications for permanent press accreditation cards, renewals and the registration of online news portals and IPTV channels.

In a bid to ensure the long-term preservation of these invaluable records, the collected content will also be transferred to the Bangladesh Film Archive.

This collaborative effort aims to secure the nation’s history for future generations, fostering awareness of their ancestors’ struggles and heroism.

The enriched repository not only safeguards the nation’s history but also serves as a vital resource for journalists, writers, researchers, and filmmakers, contributing to the accuracy and depth of their work.

Through these efforts, the interim government is reinforcing its commitment to preserving the legacy of the July 2024 uprising as a testament to the nation’s enduring fight against inequality.​

 

[Saif]

July uprising: Women activists feel sidelined and forgotten

Women leaders and activists, who actively participated in the July uprising, yesterday said despite their contributions at every level, they have been systematically sidelined in the post-movement period.

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July uprising: Women activists feel sidelined and forgotten
Demand equal representation in state reforms at discussion

Women leaders and activists, who actively participated in the July uprising, yesterday said despite their contributions at every level, they have been systematically sidelined in the post-movement period.

They pointed out that equal representation of women was not ensured in the reform commissions or other state institutions.

They added that the longstanding culture of denying women their rightful roles and excluding them from various sectors continues unabated.

They made these remarks at a discussion titled "Dialogue on Women of the Mass Uprising: Where Did the Women Go?" held at the Jatiya Press Club, where injured participants and female activists shared their experiences.

The event was jointly organised by two volunteer organisations, Loraku 24 and Empowering Our Fighters.

Umama Fatema, spokesperson for the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement, said it has become evident that there was a deliberate and successful attempt to sideline women in the aftermath of the uprising.

"When male leaders were arrested, women stepped up to lead and continued until August 5. But after that, I was completely sidelined. Attempts were made to portray men as the heroes of the movement, and I began experiencing an identity crisis," she said.

"Women leaders were harassed on social media, and those in power took no action. This further marginalised the women who participated in the movement," she added.

Nazifa Jannat, a student of East West University and coordinator during the movement, said, "It is deeply unfortunate that we are now compelled to assert that we, too, were part of the movement."

"People are asking, 'Where are the women now?' This question should be directed at the political parties that, despite their capacity, failed to include women," she said, calling on the media to raise such questions.

She emphasised the importance of increasing women's representation in positions of power.

"Women should not have to demand recognition for their roles; it is the state's responsibility to acknowledge them. We protested against discrimination in the past, and we did so to eradicate all forms of inequity," she said.

Dr Worthy Jukhrif, who provided medical aid alongside Dr Hritisha Aktar Mitheen to over 100 injured persons during the uprising, said, "We believe women should be equally represented in every sector of the state, including the Reform Commission, to eliminate all forms of discrimination."

Jannatul Ferdous Nitu, a second-year student at Barisal Government College, said, "No female students were included in the advisory council. Even though one woman was named spokesperson for the main committee, she has been noticeably absent in press releases and other activities," she said.

Samia Akhter Jannat, a tenth-grade student who was injured multiple times during the movement, said not only are women's contributions unacknowledged, but they are also being deliberately excluded.

Sabina Yasmin, a protester and female labourer from Ashulia, observed, "Many labelled the uprising as a student movement. In reality, labourers, including female workers, participated spontaneously. Many women were injured or killed, yet their sacrifices remain unrecognised."

Sumaiya Nishu, a student from Noakhali, pointed out, "While women in Dhaka have some visibility in state affairs, women from outside Dhaka are completely overlooked."

Sabrina Akhter, a student from Begum Rokeya University, said, "Despite our active participation, the media continues to focus primarily on men, perpetuating past inequalities against women."

Shamima Sultana Lavu, a senior journalist from Channel 24 who was injured during the movement, explained, "During the movement, press secretaries monitored media houses, and we were even temporarily taken off-air. Yet, we persisted. The footage we couldn't air domestically, we shared with international media."

She added that while a small number of media personnel were compromised, the entire journalist community often bears the brunt of public anger.

The event was inaugurated by Ainun Nahar, the mother of Naima Sultana, a student killed during the uprising.

Recalling her daughter's aspirations to become a doctor, Ainun said, "We moved to the city for her education, but her death shattered all our dreams. My daughter even argued with me when I discouraged her participation in the movement."

She urged the inclusion of the uprising and its martyrs in textbooks and demanded punishment for those responsible for the killings.

The event also featured speeches from women who played significant roles in rehabilitating injured and bereaved families from abroad.​

 

[Saif]

Attempts on to tarnish image of students: Nahid

Information and Broadcasting Adviser Nahid Islam yesterday said attempts are being made to tarnish the image of students, who led the protests that toppled the Awami League regime, to undermine the July uprising

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Attempts on to tarnish image of students: Nahid

Information and Broadcasting Adviser Nahid Islam yesterday said attempts are being made to tarnish the image of students, who led the protests that toppled the Awami League regime, to undermine the July uprising.

"There is a deliberate attempt to make students controversial. We must all remain vigilant and act responsibly," Nahid said during the closing ceremony of the 11th GSC National Scientist Mania held at Government Science College in Dhaka yesterday.

"Conflicts among students are being used to portray them negatively in the public. If students can be presented in a negative light, it will also make it easier to tarnish the image of the July uprising. We must ensure that no one can exploit us," he said, urging all to remain vigilant.

"We have protested and taken to the streets in the past, but now it is time to build the nation. We must use our intellect and creativity to establish a society free from discriminations," he said.

Urging students to stay focused on their studies, Nahid said, "You don't need to address me 'sir'; think of me as your brother. Just as we stood shoulder to shoulder during the uprising, we will move forward together. Correct me if I make mistakes. If the nation needs us, we will return to the streets, but until then, focus on your education."

He also mentioned that the government is providing state honours to the martyrs and the injured of the July uprising, along with rehabilitation for the families of the martyrs and proper medical care for the injured.

He thanked the students of Government Science College for their role during the mass uprising.

"We hope to fulfil the expectations for which so many fought and shed blood. The July uprising taught us to stand with dignity, and with this confidence, we can rebuild Bangladesh in a new way," he said.

"The benefits of the July uprising must reach every individual in Bangladesh, and we need to work towards this goal," he added.

The event was attended by nuclear scientist Professor Dr Muhammad Shamsher Ali, Principal of Government Science College Professor KM Aminul Haque, and faculty members and students.​

 

[Saif]

Cases over July uprising: Petitions pile up to drop names

Disturbing trend points to systemic corruption and extortion

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Cases over July uprising: Petitions pile up to drop names
July uprising cases in Bangladesh

Star photo

Faisal Hossain is one of the thousands of people injured during the July mass uprising. The 28-year-old was shot in the waist while pulling his rickshaw at Baipail in Dhaka's Ashulia around 11:00am on August 5, just a few hours before Sheikh Hasina fled to India.

Badly injured, Faisal was rushed to Enam Medical College Hospital in Savar, where he was treated for about 45 days. He is still unable to work.

On October 15, his wife, Tania Khatun, filed a case for attempted murder with Dhaka's chief judicial magistrate's court, which directed the Ashulia police to register the complaint as a First Information Report (FIR).

The FIR named 203 suspects, including Hasina, several top Awami League leaders and senior police officials.

Just four days later on October 19, Tania changed her minds about some suspects, and filed a petition with a Dhaka court to drop 13 people previously named in the case. Their political identity is not clear from the petition.

"The accused were not present at the scene," says the petition, seen by The Daily Star, adding that she initially named them "wrongfully and being aggrieved" by her husband's injuries. "These individuals would be most grievously harmed if they are not excluded from the case."

But Tania did not know then – and does not know now – any of these 13 people personally, or any of the suspects named in the case.

"I don't know the updates of the case. My brother knows about it," she said, indicating the complaint was drafted by her brother.

She hung up the phone when asked about the case details, and did not receive our calls since. The Daily Star could not contact her brother as she did not give his name.

Tania's case is not isolated. This newspaper has so far found plaintiffs in 55 cases have submitted petitions to exclude at least 195 people they had initially named as suspects in cases for murder or attempted murder since the first week of August.

Of them, six are law enforcement officers, including Additional IGP Selim Md Jahangir and Bangladesh Border Guard Director General Major General Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman Siddiqui; two teachers of a public university; two officials of the environment department and former cabinet secretary Mahbub Hossain.

This newspaper could not establish any clear political connection of 75 people. The remaining are Awami League leaders and activists.

TWO BIZARRE CASES

Court records show at least 550 cases, mostly for murder, were filed with various courts and police stations in Dhaka till November 25 since August 5.

At least seven plaintiffs, including Tania, told The Daily Star that they were not involved in the drafting of the FIRs. They only signed the complaints drafted by others.

Tania at least knows who drafted the case – her brother – but in the rest six cases, the plaintiffs do not even know the people who came to their houses to take them to the police stations to sign the complaints. Four of these plaintiffs said these people identified themselves as local political party activists.

The case of Aklima Begum is among the most peculiar. She does not know any of the 167 suspects named in the case filed over her husband's death. She also does not know any of those who came to her house to have the complaint signed or any of those who came to her house again to have the petition signed to have some of the suspects excluded from the case.

This case was filed with Mohammadpur Police Station over the death of her husband, Akhter Hossain, who was shot in Basila area on July 19, according to the FIR.

Rahima Akter, another plaintiff now seeking to drop some names, said she got some financial help from some local people after the death of her husband, Abdul Kadir Manik. She was then taken to Bhatara Police Station by some locals to sign the complaint. Over the last few weeks, she received so many phone calls from people protesting their innocence that she now wants to withdraw the case altogether.

"Tell me, how do I discontinue the case?" she told The Daily Star by phone.

'RELIEVE THE INNOCENT'

Legal experts and rights activists expressed concerns over the inclusion of random names, and said innocent people would be harassed if they are falsely implicated. There are also allegations that in many cases people are being implicated out of political rivalries or to settle old scores.

Noted rights activist Nur Khan Liton thinks many such cases are being filed to harass people.

"Cases are being filed against such people that it questions their veracity…. and now, many names are being excluded due to pressure and corruption," he said.

Noted Supreme Court lawyer ZI Khan Panna is one such victim. He was named in an attempted murder case filed on October 17, sparking harsh criticisms. The plaintiff subsequently applied to drop his name from the case.

A university teacher, whose name was included in a murder case, recently told this newspaper, "I was not involved in any crime, but I was accused in one case. The complainant appealed to drop my name when he realised I am innocent. The authorities should take quick steps to relieve the innocent from such harassment."

Senior criminal lawyer Ehsanul Haque Shomaji said that during investigation process in the case registered at the police station, there is no legal scope to withdraw any suspect's name, and so complainants should be more careful about naming people in FIRs.

According to him, when plaintiffs file for dropping names mentioned in the complaints, it generally weakens the case.

EXPLOITATION?

Shariatpur's Rubel Talukder has recently filed a petition to exclude 18 suspects from the case he filed over the death of his brother Riazul Talukder.

A BNP activist, Riazul was shot in the Jatrabari area around 5:00pm on August 4 during the anti-government protest. He died at the Dhaka Medical College Hospital while under treatment several hours later, according to the case statement, lodged with Jatrabari Police Station on September 12.

Rubel named 135 suspects, including Hasina and AL leaders from Shariatpur, in the case.

"I appealed to drop the 18 names as they were wrongfully named in the case. I don't know how their names were included," he told The Daily Star.

Local sources confirmed that most of these 18 people are AL leaders and activists. Some of them held – or currently hold – posts in different local government bodies.

An AL leader from the district's Jajira, who is also a suspect in the case, said Rubel took money promising to drop some names from the case.

Speaking on condition of anonymity, he said he too was part of a discussion with some of these 18 people to have his name excluded. But they (the 18 people) struck the final deal with Rubel without informing him and several others.

Rubel denied the allegation. The Daily Star spoke with two of these 18, and both denied that they gave any money in return for dropping their names.

Besides Rubel and Tania, 18 complainants are now seeking to drop 77 names included in as many cases in Jatrabari and Uttara East police stations alone between August and October.

Sara Hossain, a human rights lawyer, said the recent allegation against senior lawyer ZI Khan Panna was a glaring example of how individuals can exploit the criminal justice system to harass others by falsely including their names in a criminal case. Fortunately, the complainant dropped his name after a public outrage.

"We now see a trend of plaintiffs seeking to drop names from the FIRs. If genuine mistakes led to their inclusion in the first place, this can be seen in a positive light as it will stop harassment. But if some names get dropped due to any kind of enticement, influence or threat, then there is a real risk of justice being denied to the victims of the July mass killings," she added.​

 

[Saif]

Govt not taking student coordinators' safety issues lightly: Rizwana

The Council of Advisers in its meeting yesterday discussed the safety issues of the student coordinators amid the situation they faced in recent times

www.thedailystar.net

Govt not taking student coordinators' safety issues lightly: Rizwana
Issue flagged in meeting of Council of Advisers, says environment adviser

The Council of Advisers in its meeting yesterday discussed the safety issues of the student coordinators amid the situation they faced in recent times.

"There is no scope to take it lightly at all. The government is not viewing this issue lightly," said Environment, Forest and Climate Change Adviser Syeda Rizwana Hasan while responding to a question regarding the life risks raised by the student coordinators.

She said their safety issues were flagged at the meeting. "It was discussed that there is a necessity to ensure their safety. But no decision has been taken in this regard."

Rizwana said the coordinators have been continuing their efforts to keep the nation united on various important issues which might hurt others' interests.

The law enforcement agencies are investigating the concerns raised by the student coordinators.

Interim government's Adviser Mahfuj Alam and Chief Adviser's Press Secretary Shafiqul Alam were present at the briefing.

Chief Adviser Prof Muhammad Yunus chaired the meeting of the Council of Advisers.​

 

[Saif]

Post Aug 5 violence politically motivated, not sectarian, Bangladesh to UN

Bangladesh told the UN that the post August 5 violence in Bangladesh was rooted in political and personal factors, not sectarian

www.thedailystar.net

Post Aug 5 violence politically motivated, not sectarian, Bangladesh to UN

Bangladesh told the UN that the post August 5 violence in Bangladesh was rooted in political and personal factors, not sectarian.

"The violence affected people mostly with partisan political affiliations, almost all of them being Muslims and only a few from other religious minority groups," said Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the UN in Geneva Ambassador Tareq Md Ariful Islam at the 17th Session of UN Forum on Minority Issues on November 28.

He said there was no systematic attack on minorities. Rather, following the mass uprising in July, the world has witnessed how the entire society of Bangladesh came forward to protect its minorities following our long tradition of communal harmony.

Ariful said Bangladesh reaffirms that every Bangladeshi, regardless of religious identity, has the right to practice respective religion or express views freely.

"Ensuring safety and security of every citizen, including from the minority community, remains the cornerstone of the interim Government of Bangladesh."

This has been repeatedly reassured to minority religious leaders by Bangladesh's top leadership and proved time and again in the first 100 days of the government.

Two advisers have been appointed from the minority communities. The interim government led by Prof Yunus enjoys overwhelming and unprecedented mandate from the people across all faiths.

"Unfortunately, when the people of Bangladesh were setting glorious examples of religious harmony, we observe a flurry of exaggerated, unfounded and fake reports and deliberate spread of misinformation and disinformation by vested quarters regarding minority persecution."

"Sadly, we saw it at this forum too. Many such propaganda have been debunked by global media. Our government remains open to welcome foreign journalists to visit Bangladesh to see the ground situations."

With utter dismay, Ariful Islam said, "We note that the arrest of Mr Chinmoy Das has been misconstrued by some speakers, he was actually arrested on specific charges."

The matter is being dealt with by the court of law. Despite the recent brutal killing of a Muslim lawyer, Bangladesh government's immediate intervention and support from leaders of all faiths helped maintain calm and avert untoward incident, the Bangladesh envoy said."Our government remains vigilant and will continue to act promptly to maintain religious harmony at any cost and thwart any attempt to undermine rights of minorities."​

 

[Saif]

Amid rising unrest, we must give unity a chance

Frequent disruptive events preventing Bangladesh from achieving desired progress

www.thedailystar.net

Amid rising unrest, we must give unity a chance
Frequent disruptive events preventing Bangladesh from achieving desired progress

VISUAL: STAR

We welcome the call for national unity amid rising tensions over seemingly unconnected reasons in different parts of the country. Both Chief Adviser Professor Muhammad Yunus and top BNP leaders have underscored the importance of peace and unity as the nation grapples with post-uprising challenges. At a recent meeting, Prof Yunus has emphasised the need to de-escalate tensions across societal divides, while BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir called for dialogue with political parties to bridge divisions and build unity. Jamaat-e-Islami also supported the call for national unity.

However, unity is easier sought than achieved, as it requires decisive action, collective resolve and vigilance, a commitment to addressing the underlying causes of present unrest, and a certain bit of willingness to make concessions from all stakeholders.

While remnants of the ousted regime may be partly to blame for the recent turbulence, the alarming frequency of disruptions suggests deeper fissures within our society. In recent weeks, we have seen attacks and hostile mobilisations targeting media houses as well as violent clashes among college students. On Tuesday, unrest surrounding the arrest of a former ISKCON leader resulted in the brutal killing of a lawyer. Frequent public demonstrations by various groups, often leading to public disorder, have also become routine. Though these incidents may appear isolated, they form part of a broader pattern of instability following August 5.

The newfound freedom of expression under the interim government—while commendable—has also become a double-edged sword thanks to minimal oversight, creating a fertile ground for propaganda, hate speech, and rumours. Some are openly advocating destructive action, while others are sowing division under the guise of activism. These digital battlegrounds are making conflicts more likely and resolutions more elusive.

While the uprising reignited hopes for democracy, it also exposed the fragility of our sociopolitical fabric, with dissent and disillusionments festering in various quarters. The question is, if the accomplices of the fallen regime are indeed weaponising these divisions, why haven't they been conclusively identified yet? Or are there other forces also at play?

Adding fuel to this fire is the unchecked spread of incendiary narratives on social media. The newfound freedom of expression under the interim government—while commendable—has also become a double-edged sword thanks to minimal oversight, creating a fertile ground for propaganda, hate speech, and rumours. Some are openly advocating destructive action, while others are sowing division under the guise of activism. These digital battlegrounds are making conflicts more likely and resolutions more elusive. Compounding this issue is a perception among many that they can disrupt public life or destroy public properties without consequence, taking advantage of the fluid security situation.

So, how can we navigate these complex challenges to achieve peace and unity? Dialogue, as BNP has recommended, is indeed essential, not just between the government and political parties but also among various sociopolitical groups with competing interests. But for the sake of national interest, all must be sincere so that their interests are aligned with the common goal of peace. That said, dialogue alone is not enough.

The authorities must prioritise enhancing law enforcement, ensuring that laws are enforced strictly and impartially to deter and punish those inciting violence. Misuse of freedom of expression, especially online, must also be addressed carefully but firmly to curb the spread of hate and misinformation. At the same time, the call for a Truth and Peace Commission deserves serious consideration. Such a commission could play a pivotal role in rebuilding trust, fostering reconciliation, and promoting restorative justice.

The challenges we face today require us all to act responsibly and judiciously. A failure to do so risks undermining the gains of the uprising achieved through so much sacrifice and struggle.​

 

[Saif]

For the sake of stability

After a mass uprising or revolution leading to the fall of an unpopular government or controversial ruler of any country, people there usually have to endure a period of unrest. In Bangladesh too violence sparked and spread due to a spree of retaliation and revenge; various groups came to the stree

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

For the sake of stability
Tanim Asjad
Published :
Nov 29, 2024 23:24
Updated :
Nov 29, 2024 23:24

After a mass uprising or revolution leading to the fall of an unpopular government or controversial ruler of any country, people there usually have to endure a period of unrest. In Bangladesh too violence sparked and spread due to a spree of retaliation and revenge; various groups came to the streets with multiple demands, and the agents of ousted government tried to shield them from backlash. Overall, chaos has gripped the nation for the time being. It will take sometime to settle the dust. It doesn't mean that normalcy would come back automatically. Those in charge of the country in this transitional period must work hard to restore stability.

After August 5, Bangladesh slid into a period of chaos, which is not unusual. An unprecedented student-people movement forced the tyrant Sheikh Hasina to step down and flee to India for shelter. People across the country celebrated the historic moment and felt free to express their opinions, which were otherwise muted by her regime. Led by students and youths, the movement against state-sponsored discrimination gained widespread support. Many also have termed the movement a revolution, as it made a monumental transition that most people had considered impossible even a few days before August 5. Arrogant Hasina also had undermined the movement and failed to read the writing on the wall.

Following the downfall of Hasina, Dr Prof Muhammad Yunus took over the responsibility of running the interim government. This government is tasked to play a crucial role of restoring stability and preparing the nation for a free and fair national election. The government headed by him has been in power for more than 100 days but the country's socio-economic stability is yet to be in sight. Instead, disorder and unrest have been capturing various spheres of life. The government's proactive move to restore law and order is missing.

The immediate past week was disappointing for various reasons. Battery-run rickshaw pullers blocked the busy roads and streets and attacked students. They protested against the high court order to stop operations of the battery-run rickshaws on main roads, which they believed would severely impact their livelihoods. Students of several educational institutions got involved in clashes turning the situation violent. The worst thing happened on Monday when a group of students from two colleges attacked another college. Law enforcement agencies failed to resist the attackers. Again, in the name of disbursing interest-free loans, a little-known organisation tried to assemble thousands of ordinary people from different parts of the country in Dhaka. All these have seriously disrupted the regular activities of millions of people and caused a lot of sufferings to them. Continuation of such anarchy will make the restoration of stability more difficult.

There is no denying that the previous regime had severely damaged the key national institutions and politicised the civil administration. Hasina regime also distorted the norms and ethics in different institutions and promoted irregularities and corruption. So, it is an uphill task for the interim government to correct all those within a short period and make the civil administration well-functioning.

Nevertheless, the interim government has taken responsibility at a critical juncture of the nation. It cannot fix all the deep-rooted problems. The main tasks of the interim government ought to be restoring socio-economic stability, starting the process of trial of the ousted regime for corruption and murder, and creating a conducive environment for a free and fair national election. These are tough jobs requiring some tough stance, no matter how unpopular those would be. After 100 days' soft-pedalling, it is now time to opt for a hard approach involving stringent measures for the sake of the country's overall stability. Otherwise, things may go out of control, and the outcome of the mass uprising at the cost of huge sacrifices would be frustrating.​

 

[Saif]

Asif Nazrul for maintaining unity to sustain spirits of July mass uprising

Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Adviser Dr Asif Nazrul today called upon all the stakeholders of the mass uprising to maintain unity to sustain its achievements and materialize the aspirations of the martyrs. “A number of revolutions in global history including Arab Spring in Tunisia

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Asif Nazrul for maintaining unity to sustain spirits of July mass uprising
BSS
Published :
Nov 30, 2024 22:55
Updated :
Nov 30, 2024 22:55

Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Adviser Dr Asif Nazrul today called upon all the stakeholders of the mass uprising to maintain unity to sustain its achievements and materialize the aspirations of the martyrs.

“A number of revolutions in global history including Arab Spring in Tunisia and Syria failed to materialize the aspirations of the movement in the long run. We must materialize the dreams of July uprising martyrs by building an independent and sovereign Bangladesh in true sense”, he said.

He was addressing a memorial meeting on July uprising titled ‘Smritir Minar: Gono Abhyuthan-2024’, organized by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) at Tofazzal Hossain Manik Mia Hall at Jatiya press Club, with BSS Managing Director and Chief Editor Mahbub Morshed in the chair.

Chief Adviser’s Press Secretary Shafiqul Alam, writer Rakhal Raha, Poet and activist Ferdous Ara Rumi, Members of BSS board of directors Fazlul Huq and Nure Alam Masud, and Gono Odhikar Parishad general secretary Muhammad Rashed Khan also addressed the memorial discussion, conducted by BSS Special Correspondent Didarul Alam.

The interim government has been making all out efforts to build an independent and sovereign and dignified Bangladesh in true sense to materialize the dream of the martyrs.

Dr Asif Nazrul called everyone to search the truth and refrain from character assassination of each other saying, “Spreading misinformation, propaganda, blaming others, oppression or torture were the weapons of fascist force… Our weapons are truth, unity and getting rid of repression and discrimination”.

Regarding an allegation against him about holding meetings with Indian allies in the Dhaka cantonment on August 3 and 4 before the ouster of Awami League regime, Asif Nazrul said it is completely a fabricated allegation.

Mentioning his activities of August 3 and 4, he said, “On August 3, after attending the student movement’s rally at Shaheed Minar, I was there till 9pm with Mahbub Morshed and others. Later, I stayed the night at Professor Mustafa Mamun’s house at fuller road area on Dhaka University after being informed that I might be arrested or killed”.

“In the night of August 4, I attended a programme with online activists after the evening. You might hear the audio of the meeting where I said we might be arrested or killed and stayed there till 10 pm. Later, I went again to Mostafa Mamun’s house and stayed there on that night”, he added.​

 

[Saif]

If we fail, killer Hasina will annihilate everyone: Sarjis Alam

At the event, families of 55 martyred in the July- August mass uprising received a donation of Tk 500,000 each.

en.prothomalo.com

If we fail, killer Hasina will annihilate everyone: Sarjis Alam
Correspondent
Mymensingh
Published: 30 Nov 2024, 19: 23

July Shaheed Smriti Foundation general secretary Sarjis Alam said, “Killer Sheikh Hasina and her collaborators are trying their best so that we cannot succeed. If we somehow fail, killer Hasina will annihilate all of us who are here now. Families could not bury the bodies of many martyrs before 5 August. Many could not stay home. If killer Sheikh Hasina and her collaborators return such a situation will arise again.”

Sarjis Alam made the remarks at an event in Mymensingh city on Saturday. At the event, families of 55 martyred in the July- August mass uprising received a donation of Tk 500,000 each.

He said, “The conspiracy of the black vultures has not stopped yet. If we can live with your blessings, we will allow nothing to happen to the families of any martyrs and the injured. None of the martyrs and the injured will live in hardship, but it might take a little time. We will be next to you all the time, sacrificing our lives.”

Sarjis Alam said their responsibility is to protect the spirit of this uprising. “We will criticise the government constructively and cooperate with the administration at all levels. Those of the administration who are involved in killing must be brought under punishment by scrutinising video footage and images. It is now related to the existence of those in charge of administration because they are now in these positions because of this uprising.”

July Shaheed Smriti Foundation chief executive officer (CEO) Mir Mahbubur Rahman Snigdho moderated the event. He said every people in the country are indebted to the families of the martyred.

Remarks of families of the martyred

Shafiq Uddin Ahmed Ahnaf, a class XI student of BAF Shaheen College, was killed in Mirpur during the July-August movement on 4 August. His mother Zartaj Pervin said no one should lose their children anymore and they demanded a trial for all the killings.

Zaman Mia, 17, from Nandail of Mymensingh, worked at a garment factory in Narsingdi. He was shot in front of the factory during the Student Against Discrimination movement on 21 July and succumbed to his injuries at Dhaka Medical College Hospital on 25 July.

Zaman Mia’s parents Minara Begum and Shaidul Islam joined the event. Minara Begum said they told their son not to go to the protest in the previous night, but he did not listen and joined the project and never returned.

Shaidul Islam said Zaman Mia was the younger one of his two sons and he sent Tk 10,000 monthly to the family, but he was shot dead. He, however, filed no lawsuit on this matter.

Senior officials from local administration and police also spoke at the event.​

 

[Saif]

The gathering storm

Post-revolution challenges and the new generation’s role in shaping our future

www.thedailystar.net

The gathering storm
Post-revolution challenges and the new generation’s role in shaping our future

Supporters of former ISKCON leader Chinmoy Krishna Das and police clash at court premises in Chattogram on November 26, 2024. Photo: Star

If anyone had thought that the post-revolution government or the people, in general, would have an easy ride in conducting the affairs of the state, they were living in a paradise dominated by fools. The more aware among us perhaps anticipated some resistance posed by the supporters of the disgraced autocrat.

However, the highly coordinated and well-orchestrated programmes—planned, instigated, and directed from across the border to spoil the gains and thwart the recovery programmes of the interim government—make us wonder.

And the wonder is at the ineptness of the intelligence agencies to anticipate the anti-state elements because anyone who resists the current recovery and reform programmes cannot be categorised as anything but that. We will dwell on this aspect a little later.

All successful revolutions run the risk of a counter-revolution, particularly when there is a lot at stake for a deposed autocrat, their party, and its diehard supporters. The destruction that has been wreaked on every sector, including the very moral edifice of the nation that elevates a country in the community of nations, needs a turbulence-free environment to set right. The longer a post-revolution regime lasts, the more of their wrongdoings come to light—and more of the wrongdoers face trial and punishment. Thus, to have failed to foresee the events now unfolding would suggest either incompetence or dereliction of duty on the part of those responsible for forewarning the administration.

Our problems are essentially twofold.

Firstly, the opposition has an external sponsor and beneficiary. They have perhaps an equally high, if not greater, stake in the fugitive prime minister's reinstatement to power. It seems that hostile intelligence agencies are working overtime to create as much turmoil as possible inside Bangladesh to bring down the interim government and ensure that outcome.

For this, the most sensitive issue—the minority issue—has been exploited. Facts have been distorted and exaggerated, and, in most instances, narratives have been manufactured to create communal strife in Bangladesh to restore the disgraced autocrat to power.

This looks like a crass, callow, and rustic approach from the mandarins sitting in New Delhi, who seem to be out to atone for their dismal failure, firstly, to anticipate the fate of their protégé in Dhaka and, secondly, to prevent the outcome that eventuated, by any means, fair or foul.

The second problem is that the former autocrat has not only been provided a safe sanctuary across the border but is also being allowed to carry out anti-Bangladesh activities seemingly in collusion with hostile intelligence agencies. Investigations so far have revealed that the anti-minority activities and attacks on the minority community have been instigated and perpetrated by Awami League elements. In fact, they have been behind most of the troubles witnessed in various sectors.

And regarding the above, I have a few submissions.

Firstly, the use of Indian soil to conduct anti-Bangladesh activities by anti-Bangladesh elements. It is not only Hasina but also a large number of her party members who are now ensconced in India and, in fact, are seemingly being supported by Indian authorities. It is time the Bangladesh government looked its counterpart in the eye and demanded that this be stopped forthwith. We are used to hearing ad nauseam the whining of the Indian authorities about so-called hostile anti-Indian elements, without credible proof, conducting anti-Indian activities from inside Bangladesh. Hasina makes no secret of her activities. She and her fugitive party members are a distinct threat to our security interests, and this issue must be dealt with the alacrity and seriousness it deserves. Otherwise, I fear we will rue the fact that many of the top leadership managed to leave the country—indeed, some of them were helped to leave.

Secondly, the role of the intelligence agencies. In the past, they had been serving party interests rather than national interests. Vestiges of the deposed party may still exist among their serving members, with loyalty to the erstwhile ruling party. Thus, it may not be beyond the realm of possibility that the timely passage of intelligence is being deliberately disrupted. This must be addressed seriously.

Thirdly, countering ill-motivated distortions of facts by the Indian media. The concerted, coordinated offensive by the Indian media, certainly at the direction of the authorities in Delhi, must be addressed effectively. Here, I feel the role of our media is vital.

Notice the quickness with which a minority matter is turned into an issue by the Indian media and how stories are manufactured with slants given to events occurring in Bangladesh to tarnish our image. I have not seen enough editorials or articles in our leading newspapers countering these spurious and malicious news stories.

The fact that the Modi government has been carrying out anti-Muslim programmes has remained outside the notice of the international community. In fact, very little, if any, news of the persecution of Muslims in India since 2014 has found space in our electronic or print media. But perhaps I am expecting too much, given a situation where a large section of the fourth estate in Bangladesh, over the last 15 years, had surrendered to the party in power and, instead of being a watchdog, had become a lapdog of the party (see my article: "Surrender of the fourth estate," The Daily Star, February 27, 2019). It is time we put national interests first and helped in our own ways to enhance and preserve national security.

Let me end by asserting that the Indian political leadership and their policy planners are out of sync with the reality prevailing in Bangladesh. The quisling they set up in Dhaka and her party have all but lost public support. More importantly, a new generation in Bangladesh has come of age and has taken, somewhat by force, the baton that the old guards—who have consistently failed the people—failed to pass on to the new generation in a timely manner. Luckily, this generation is not burdened by the baggage of history and is gifted with greater acuity to see the tree from the woods.

It is my firm belief that this new generation will run the affairs of the state in the very near future. In all likelihood, political power alternation will no longer be considered in binary terms. A third party will emerge—it needs to emerge—to replace the ossified minds that have been running the affairs of the state for so long.

Brig Gen Shahedul Anam Khan, ndc, psc (retd) is a former associate editor of The Daily Star.​