Did you know that the Ottoman Empire did not actively promote the printing press due to fears that mass education would make people literate and oppose their luxurious theocracy ? They were promoting only handwritten books, primarily religious books, available for the majority of the poor, even though the printing press was unofficially available in Ottoman Turkey at almost the same time as in the rest of Europe. This strategy is one of the reasons the Ottomans could not compete with the rest of Europe.
People in Ottoman Turkey had to learn two alphabets - Roman and Arabic at the same time, which made mass literacy very difficult. Kemal Ataturk romanized the Turkish script so that people only had to learn one alphabet instead of two. This change quickly increased Turkish literacy by manifolds.
We have the same problem in Pakistan, where many students struggle to learn the Roman and Urdu alphabets. Literacy in Pakistan is, therefore, very low. Indonesia also switched to the Roman alphabet from Arabic to write its language long ago. As a result, it has 99% literacy. The Mughal sultanate in Delhi outright did not allow a printing press for the same fear. The British promoted the printing press and mass education in our country.