[🇧🇩] Sea Ports/Air Ports/River Ports/Bridges/Mega Projects

[Bilal9]

97pc work of HSIA third terminal complete: minister
Photo: Collected

Around 97 percent construction work of the third terminal of the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (HSIA) has been completed, Civil Aviation Minister Faruk Khan said yesterday.
"I am satisfied with the progress ... It [the terminal] is likely to be fully operational by the end of this year or early next year," said the minister at a press briefing after visiting the terminal.
Only three percent of work, which includes calibration and testing of various systems is yet to be completed, he said.

"The work of the building has been done very well. It's beautiful. But its success depends on proper maintenance. I conveyed these to the Japanese construction company. I am very hopeful that CAAB is preparing its staff to operate the terminal in a proper manner," the minister said.

Asked about the construction of a second runway at the Dhaka airport as per the requirements of the third terminal, Faruk said, "The Instrument Landing System is being improved on the existing runway. Radars are being improved. However, we have plans for a second runway."

However, due to buildings nearby, it poses a challenge, he added.

Regarding the poor luggage handling service, he said, "Passenger handling is a big challenge for any country. Passengers think that the luggage will be handed over to them as soon as they get off the plane. It's never possible. We are trying to improve."

About the ground handling, Faruk said Biman Bangladesh Airlines, which has been enjoying a monopoly so far, will manage the ground operation under a joint venture with a reputed global service provider chosen by the Japanese consortium.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina made the soft launch of the third terminal on October 7 last year.

The project, involving Tk 21,300 crore, commenced on December 28, 2019.

 

[Bilal9]

View attachment 6186

97pc work of HSIA third terminal complete: minister
Photo: Collected

Around 97 percent construction work of the third terminal of the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (HSIA) has been completed, Civil Aviation Minister Faruk Khan said yesterday.
"I am satisfied with the progress ... It [the terminal] is likely to be fully operational by the end of this year or early next year," said the minister at a press briefing after visiting the terminal.
Only three percent of work, which includes calibration and testing of various systems is yet to be completed, he said.

"The work of the building has been done very well. It's beautiful. But its success depends on proper maintenance. I conveyed these to the Japanese construction company. I am very hopeful that CAAB is preparing its staff to operate the terminal in a proper manner," the minister said.

Asked about the construction of a second runway at the Dhaka airport as per the requirements of the third terminal, Faruk said, "The Instrument Landing System is being improved on the existing runway. Radars are being improved. However, we have plans for a second runway."

However, due to buildings nearby, it poses a challenge, he added.

Regarding the poor luggage handling service, he said, "Passenger handling is a big challenge for any country. Passengers think that the luggage will be handed over to them as soon as they get off the plane. It's never possible. We are trying to improve."

About the ground handling, Faruk said Biman Bangladesh Airlines, which has been enjoying a monopoly so far, will manage the ground operation under a joint venture with a reputed global service provider chosen by the Japanese consortium.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina made the soft launch of the third terminal on October 7 last year.

The project, involving Tk 21,300 crore, commenced on December 28, 2019.

NOT HAPPY about the fact that Biman is still involved in ground handling. Should've been given to the Japanese outright. Biman is an airline and should not be involved in ground handling at all. This was a less-than-wise political move by CAAB and the Minister to curry favor with Biman staff and mgmt.

 

[Saif]

Matarbari port to be ‘green, eco-friendly’

CHATTOGRAM: Matarbari deep-sea port in Cox's Bazar will be a green, natural port of the country with ample trees and a friendly ecosystem. Chittagong Port Authority (CPA) chairman Rear Admiral M Shahjahan said Matarbari port would help the country handle a growing volume of export-import trade...

www.thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Matarbari port to be 'green, eco-friendly'
NAZIMUDDIN SHYAMOL | Published: February 26, 2023 08:45:07

CHATTOGRAM: Matarbari deep-sea port in Cox's Bazar will be a green, natural port of the country with ample trees and a friendly ecosystem. Chittagong Port Authority (CPA) chairman Rear Admiral M Shahjahan said Matarbari port would help the country handle a growing volume of export-import trade and ease pressure on Chittagong port. The government is also constructing coal-based power plant, LNG terminal and development of highways there.

"We'll plant trees on blank land of the port. Most of the port area will be green and eco-friendly. It'll also be a natural port with a green ecosystem."

"The ultra-critical maintenance system of the coal project will also be eco-friendly and 43 per cent of heat produced there will be converted to power," Mr Shahjahan told the FE.

An ecological balance will be ensured at the port and its contiguous areas, he added.

This port will become the region's most important export-import hub in future.

It will play a catalytic role and gain the reputation of the region's most important feeder port for mother vessels from the ports of neighbouring countries.

Mr Shahjahan said once the country's first deep-sea port would contribute 2.0 to 3.0 per cent to the growth of the national economy.

"The main objective of the project is to enhance the cargo-handling capacity of Bangladesh through constructing the deep-sea port and thus facilitate speedy port services with the neighbouring countries."

The existing yearly container-handling capacity of Chittagong port is 3.2-million TEUS of container. The growing demand will exceed the existing handling capacity within the next few years.

"We have to increase the handling capacity by 4.0 more million TEUS by 2033. Mongla and Payra ports won't be able to meet the growing demand," added Mr Shahjahan.

The maritime connectivity of Bangladesh would increase remarkably as Matarbari port will enhance the total capacity of Chittagong port in handling cargoes and containers several times.

It may be mentioned that the Deep-sea Port Development Project is being implemented with the financing of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

To read the rest of the news, please click on the link above.​

 

[Bilal9]

Dhaka Airport 3rd Terminal design features, rest area facilities.

 

[Saif]

Dhaka Airport 3rd Terminal design features, rest area facilities.

Is there any plan to upgrade 1st and 2nd terminals?

 

[Bilal9]

Is there any plan to upgrade 1st and 2nd terminals?

Good question. After spending thousands of crores on the third terminal, they will be (I believe) reluctant to spend money on anything else in that place, including 1st and 2nd terminals. The latter old terminals may get regional (or even domestic flight) usage, which is logical. Some superficial interior refurbishment may be performed but no major rebuilds.

But the prime international airline routes will all now be at the 3rd terminal, most major global airlines and retailers are chomping at the bit to grab prime real estate there, including upper class flight lounges and of course, high traffic retail outlets like refreshment and food outlets and sit-down restaurants etc.

As yet, part of the existing fallow land in the airport has already been turned into malls and luxury hotel space, near the airport road. The mall was just opened I believe as I saw in a video - they showed a food court which was quite sophisticated and looked like Dubai's main food court in the terminal. This is the inevitable gradual conversion into commercial activity for most of the unused portion of the airport. There is also massive cargo activity and a huge cargo terminal is also being built where the old cargo processing area was, near the CAAB HQ. The New CAAB HQ was built and moved to the opposite side of the airport, where the new modern Haji Camp was also built.

The govt. wanted to build a brand new world class airport like Suvarnabhumi in the outskirts of Dhaka and that seems to be more and more possible, where they will not have the space constraints this airport has and where all the money and investments will now be directed, with at least four runways and room to expand. Feasibility studies may already be under way. If the current airport at Kurmitola is like Tokyo's Haneda, they are trying to build something like Kansai or Narita, or better yet, Suvarnabhumi at a nice spot outside of Dhaka.

 

[Saif]

The govt. wanted to build a brand new world class airport like Suvarnabhumi in the outskirts of Dhaka and that seems to be more and more possible, where they will not have the space constraints this airport has and where all the money and investments will now be directed, with at least four runways and room to expand. Feasibility studies may already be under way. If the current airport at Kurmitola is like Tokyo's Haneda, they are trying to build something like Kansai or Narita, or better yet, Suvarnabhumi at a nice spot outside of Dhaka.

The new airport project has been pushed to the back burner because of unavailability of suitable location to build the airport. Hope they find a suitable place to build the modern airport that we need very badly.

 

[Bilal9]

The new airport project has been pushed to the back burner because of unavailability of suitable location to build the airport. Hope they find a suitable place to build the modern airport that we need very badly.

That is correct - the site is yet to be determined and the few they chose before (around char areas) were opposed by violent protests as I remember. But in my opinion, North of Dhaka will be a far better choice - anywhere near the Dhaka-Mymensingh highway corridor, but close enough to Dhaka. That area is more stable geologically (older land form as opposed to Southern silt deposit areas) and probably has better road connectivity to North Bengal and Sylhet, where most of the passengers originate from.

 

[Saif]

Patenga Container Terminal of Ctg Port begins operation

The much-anticipated Patenga Container Terminal (PCT) of Chattogram Port commenced operations on Monday, marking a significant milestone for the port and the country. A container vessel, the Singapore-flagged ‘MAERSK DAVAO,’ anchored at the terminal this morning, initiating regular han

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Patenga Container Terminal of Ctg Port begins operation
UNB
Published :
Jun 10, 2024 16:51
Updated :
Jun 10, 2024 22:32

The much-anticipated Patenga Container Terminal (PCT) of Chattogram Port commenced operations on Monday, marking a significant milestone for the port and the country.

A container vessel, the Singapore-flagged 'MAERSK DAVAO,' anchored at the terminal this morning, initiating regular handling activities. Authorities anticipate the terminal will handle approximately 500,000 Twenty-ft Equivalent Units (TEUs) annually.

PCT is the first terminal in Chattogram Port's history to be operated by a foreign company, heralding a new era of foreign investment and operational models. This transformation has positioned Chattogram as a landlord port, a significant upgrade for Bangladesh's maritime infrastructure.

Six months ago, the Chattogram Port Authority (CPA) signed an agreement with the Jeddah-based Red Sea Gateway Terminal (RSGT) of Saudi Arabia. Following customs formalities and equipment installations, Red Sea Gateway Bangladesh Limited has now officially commenced operations.

Omar Faruk, Secretary of CPA, confirmed that RSGT is fully prepared to manage container handling at the newly built terminal. According to the CPA, the new terminal will not only enhance the port's capacity but also reduce the average stay time for vessels.

Constructed at a cost of Tk 1.50 billion, funded by the port, the PCT features state-of-the-art facilities, including gantry cranes that significantly increase loading and unloading efficiency. Rear Admiral Md Sohail, Chairman of the Chattogram Port Authority, noted that it would take approximately 18 months for the terminal to become fully operational.

The PCT was built on 32 acres of land near Chattogram Drydock Limited to Boat Club, with the foundation stone laid on September 8, 2017. The project, supervised by the 34 Engineer Construction Brigade of the Army, commenced construction in 2018, involving a total cost of Tk 12.30 billion.

With the new terminal, vessels will no longer need to wait at the outer anchorage for extended periods, as the Patenga Container Terminal can accommodate four vessels at once across its jetties. This increased capacity is expected to alleviate congestion and streamline operations at Chattogram Port.​

 

[Saif]

WB approves $650m to help Bangladesh develop Bay Terminal

The World Bank’s board of executive directors on Friday approved $650 million to help Bangladesh invest in infrastructure critical for developing the Bay Terminal deep seaport...

www.newagebd.net

WB approves $650m to help Bangladesh develop Bay Terminal
29 June, 2024, 13:14

The World Bank's board of executive directors on Friday approved $650 million to help Bangladesh invest in infrastructure critical for developing the Bay Terminal deep seaport.

The Bay Terminal, located in the Anandangar/Sandwip channel, west of the Chattogram port and close to existing road and rail links to Dhaka, is expected to handle 36 per cent of Bangladesh's container volumes.

It will significantly improve Bangladesh's global trade competitiveness and reduce import and export costs by increasing port operational efficiency and mobilising private investment, said a press release.

The Bay Terminal Marine Infrastructure Development Project will construct a 6 km climate-resilient breakwater to protect the harbor from the force of waves, current, and extreme weather.

It will also carry out dredging of the port basin, entrance, and access channels. The new, modern Bay Terminal, to be operated by leading international terminal operators, will accommodate larger size vessels, such as panamax vessels, and substantially decrease vessel turnaround time, potentially saving the economy about US$1 million daily.

Currently, the Chittagong Port-which is the maritime gateway for over 90 per cent of Bangladesh's international trade volume and 98 per cent of its container traffic-can only receive small feeder vessels during limited hours of the day.

'Bangladesh's international trade heavily relies on Chittagong Port, which faces significant capacity constraints,' said Abdoulaye Seck, World Bank country director for Bangladesh and Bhutan. 'The Bay terminal project will be a game changer. It will improve Bangladesh's export competitiveness through enhanced port capacity and reduced transportation cost and time, opening new opportunities to key global markets.'

Moreover, the project will mobilise private investment for the development of container terminals. The World Bank investment along with the government funding will bolster investor confidence and contribute to mitigating risks associated with the overall Bay Terminal Development.

Furthermore, the World Bank group's private sector arm, the IFC is considering investing in one of the proposed private sector led terminal.

'The Bay Terminal will contribute to modernising the country's seaport infrastructure and improving its connectivity to regional and international markets,' said Hua Tan, World Bank senior transport specialist and team leader for the project.

Over one million people, half of whom women, are expected to directly benefit from improved access to sustainable transport services, including shipping companies, business communities, importers, exporters, and freight forwarders.​

 

[Bilal9]

Here is a video log for Bay Terminal construction status - it is in tender stage now.

 

[Saif]

Container delivery, transport from Ctg port gaining momentum

Online assessment process began Tuesday evening

www.thedailystar.net

Container delivery, transport from Ctg port gaining momentum
Online assessment process began Tuesday evening

Import container and cargo delivery from Chattogram port yards and transfer of containers from port to the private inland container depots (ICDs) gained momentum since Tuesday evening following the relaunch of online assessment process with the partial resumption of broadband internet.

Some 1,286 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) of import cargo could be delivered to the consignees from the port yards in the 24 hours to 8am today, according to the Chittagong Port Authority (CPA).

It was possible due to the recommencement of online assessment by the custom authority following the resumption of broadband internet service on Tuesday evening, CPA Secretary Md Omar Faruk said.

Moreover, 583 TEUs of import containers were transferred to the export processing zones and 1,007 TEUs to the private ICDs in the same period.

The number of total containers lying in different port yards came down to 41,459 TEUs as of 8am today, against 41,620 TEUs a day ago.

The CPA secretary hoped the container congestion inside the yards would improve in the next few days.

Chattogram Custom House Joint Commissioner Tarek Hasan confirmed that they could get access to the Asycuda World System of the server of the National Board of Revenue after partial resumption of broadband internet since Tuesday afternoon.

Clearing and forwarding agents usually submit import and export documents, like bill of entry and bill of export, to the NBR server from their respective offices.

Since internet service was yet to be resumed at individual users, the customs authority gave server connectivity to four computers at a room at the custom house's office to allow the C&F agents to submit these documents since Thursday afternoon.

Bangladesh Inland Container Depots Association Secretary Ruhul Amin Sikder informed that transport of export load containers from the private ICDs to the port is declining in last few days as arrival of export cargo by trucks at the ICDs from Dhaka and elsewhere remained poor due to the closure of factories.

Sikder, also an official of Isack Depot, a private ICD near the port, said they received only six covered vans of export cargo in the last 24 hours, down from 150 vehicles of any regular day.​

 

[Saif]

Payra Seaport: A white elephant in the making?

A sound feasibility study is the key to successful implementation and effective functioning of any project. But in Bangladesh, the importance of conducting a feasibility study before project implementation is often overlooked, leading to implementation delays and cost overruns. Worse still, in some

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Payra Seaport: A white elephant in the making?
ATIQUL KABIR TUHIN
Published :
Jul 24, 2024 22:20
Updated :
Jul 24, 2024 22:20

A sound feasibility study is the key to successful implementation and effective functioning of any project. But in Bangladesh, the importance of conducting a feasibility study before project implementation is often overlooked, leading to implementation delays and cost overruns. Worse still, in some cases, the opinion of experts is even ignored. Construction of the Payra Seaport is a case in point. Before the construction of the seaport, various quarters had opined that construction of the port would not be viable as its site is prone to heavy siltation. Moreover, its location near the Sunderbans had given rise to concerns over potential biodiversity and habitat loss in the world's largest mangrove forest.

A 2019 study by a team of researchers from Germany, Belgium, and Bangladesh raised concerns about excessive sedimentation at Payra Port channel. The study found that the Bay of Bengal receives a staggering 1.1 billion cubic meters of sediment annually from the Himalayas through the rivers. Of this, a significant amount, roughly 400 million cubic meters, accumulates around the Payra River channel each year. Experts warned that such substantial siltation could pose operational difficulties for the port. The study estimates that removing this accumulated silt annually would cost approximately 80 to 100 billion taka. Additionally, researchers have expressed concerns that a moderate storm could render the port unusable due to rapid siltation. In sum, the study suggests that Payra Port's functionality might be significantly compromised by sedimentation.

Yet, the government went ahead with its plan to construct Payra Port, the country's third seaport, located on the western bank of the Rabnabad Channel at the confluence of Rivers Galachipa and Tetulia in Patuakhali. Initially, the government had planned to develop Payra as a deep-sea port with a 16-metre draft to enable the entry of large vessels that cannot do so at Mongla and Chattogram ports. But later, the government backtracked from the deep seaport project at Payra and opted for constructing a seaport there as the water draft in the area linking the Bay of Bengal appeared to be challenging.

The Payra Port is one of the 10 fast-track mega projects of the government. Although the port has been operational in a limited capacity since 2016, construction of a full-fledged port is still limping on. According to a recent report of the Financial Express, the Payra Port Authority initiated a Tk 11.28 billion project titled 'Development of Necessary Facilities at the Payra Port for its Smooth Operation Project' in 2015 for the smooth functioning of the port. It was supposed to be completed in June 2018. Unfortunately, the project has not been completed yet, while the project cost has jumped to Tk 43.75 billion - an increase by 287 per cent from the original allocation.

After missing the initial three-year deadline, the PPA in its first revision got the cost inflated to Tk 33.50 billion, and the deadline extended to June 2020. After failing to complete the project in 2020, the port authority sought the second revision shooting up the cost to Tk 43.75 billion with another two years of extension up to June 2022. The authorities, however, failed to meet the deadline and applied for one-year more time extension up to June 2023. Again, the port authority failed, compelling the government to extend the deadline to June 2024. Now, the project awaits another extension of the deadline and, possibly, an increase in funds as well.

Observers are of the view that repeated failure to complete the project in time has already made the purpose of the project outcome vulnerable, while the country has failed to get the expected port services for the past six years. The government has invested a huge amount of money for the port facilities. But the outcome remained elusive for the project delays.

Meanwhile, the fear of heavy siltation hampering the port's navigability also came true. The PPA has already spent TK 65.35 billion in carrying out capital-and-maintenance dredging of Rabnabad channel. The funds mostly came from Bangladesh's fast-depleting forex reserves. The Rabnabad channel, a 75-kilometre-long main navigation channel of the seaport, was dredged by spending 524 million Euros from the forex reserves and some Tk 11 billion in local currency. Now due to heavy siltation, the channel is in need of dredging again, and the PPA is pursuing a Tk 52 billion project with the Ministry of Finance for maintaining the navigability to the port through the channel.

Given the huge amount of money that the authorities have already spent and will be required in future to maintain the navigability of the port channel, many believe that Payra Port is another white elephant project of the government after the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant. When the Payra Port project was conceived, it was envisaged that the port with its 16 metres berth depth would be the country's premier seaport by 2022. Both the Chittagong and Mongla ports have berth depth of around 10 metres. Moreover, the Chattogram Port is 260 kilometres off the capital and the Payra Port 190-km away, while with 170 kilometres distance Mongla Port is the nearest seaport from Dhaka. The capital is surrounded by a large number of industries that have so far depended entirely on the far away Chattogram Port, thereby incurring a higher cost and loss of time. Use of the Mongla and Payra ports was expected to be more convenient for businesses located in Dhaka, especially following the construction and inauguration of the Padma Bridge.

But the hope that Payra seaport would offer a much more convenient port facility to businesses in Dhaka and adjacent areas was dashed when the project implementation authorities finally came to terms with the reality that the site is not suitable for the construction of a deep-sea port. Now, a seaport is being constructed there when the nearby Mongla seaport cannot be utilised to its full capacity due to a lack of infrastructural development, and about 92 per cent of the country's exports and imports take place through Chattogram seaport. Moreover, it is anticipated that the cost of maintaining the navigability of the Payra port channel would far outweigh the revenue the port would generate. One can only hope that the government exercises greater caution and conducts thorough feasibility studies before implementing such mega-projects. Ideally, project selection should be based on sound economic and strategic considerations, not on political consideration.​

 

[Bilal9]

Dhaka Airport 3rd terminal update - this vlogger always puts up Sheikh Hasina's picture on updates.

 

[Saif]

Fund-sapping motivated megaprojects may be axed

Ongoing large and megaprojects will be reviewed and less-priority and "politically motivated" ones scrapped, says Planning and Education Adviser Prof Wahiduddin Mahmud of the interim government. "There are irregularities in taking up projects as some are undertaken by the influence of the co

thefinancialexpress.com.bd

Fund-sapping motivated megaprojects may be axed
Adviser indicates, as 'irregularities' galore
FE REPORT
Published :
Aug 20, 2024 00:36
Updated :
Aug 20, 2024 00:36

Ongoing large and megaprojects will be reviewed and less-priority and "politically motivated" ones scrapped, says Planning and Education Adviser Prof Wahiduddin Mahmud of the interim government.

"There are irregularities in taking up projects as some are undertaken by the influence of the contractors and some are by dishonest persons," he said while briefing journalists Monday at the Planning Commission in Dhaka.

"Each of projects needs to be reviewed and scrutinised, as mostly are in indiscipline state…. Firstly, there are problems in the negotiations with the lenders for the foreign-funded megaprojects," he said.

He emphasized release of the funds in the pipeline which are committed by some development partners as that would give a cushion to the foreign-exchange-reserves crisis.

"Some approved projects are yet to be started, some in the middle and some in the last stage…Some projects are politically motivated, which are pledged by the political leaders in their election constituencies," says the economist-turned-functionary of the interim government, installed following the fall of the Sheikh Hasina government.

Those projects which do not have priority and better outcomes have to be reviewed and have to be scrapped, he categorically said in resetting priorities.

Prof Mahmud suggests the PC officials scrap the projects which are approved but involve waste of money.

"There are lots of irregularities in project design, cost estimation and execution period. The irregularities could be for a lack of capacity and could be for the influence of the contractors."

Referring to what is billed highest unit-cost record in Bangladesh's road constructions, the Planning Adviser said since there were irregularities, especially in the infrastructure-related big projects, their cost and time have been overrun.

The last Awami League government took up some megaprojects of which few are completed and many still ongoing. The ongoing 10 megaprojects have received nearly Tk 510-billion allocations in the current fiscal year (FY) 2024-25 Annual Development Programme (ADP).

The Roopur nuclear power plant alone has got an allocation worth Tk 105.02 billion, MRT-6 Tk 19.75 billion, MRT-1 Tk19.42 billion, MRT-5 (northern) Tk 59.68 billion, Bangabandhu Rail Bridge construction project Tk 25.60 billion.

Besides, the ongoing Padma rail-link project has received Tk 35.44 billion, Dohazari-Ramu-Ghundum rail line Tk 14.53 billion.

Some other megaprojects, including the Matarbari port development, Pyra port development, Dhaka Elevated Expressway, Dhaka-Ashulia elevated expressway, Airport 3rd terminal, and Elenga-Hatikamrul-Rangpur 4-lane highway projects, are also going on.

In the meantime, Dhaka-Chittagong Highway, Joydevpur-Elenga highway, and Tunnel under Karnaphuli river megaproject have already been completed.

Professor Mahmud said sometimes the ministries take non-priority projects for constructing complexes and buildings which remain idle and unutilised now.

"There is direct link between the public expenditure and macro-economy as our main target at this moment is stabilising economy and curbing inflation. For this reason, we have to reduce development expenditure which will cut the budget deficit and bring down inflation."

In overall macroeconomic management, project implementation, expenditure, and development budget have a big role, the adviser notes.

"There are some questions about the figure on GDP, inflation and other statistics of the BBS. We will review those and try to establish a credible statistical body of the government."

Terming faulty the past government's higher public-expenditure policy for enhancing GDP of the country, Prof Mahmud said they had only run for enhancing the growth rather not for creating employments.

Higher GDP growth is not the only factor in the macro-economy--employment creation is very important, notes the economist in upending the past 'development' pursuit.

For enhancing the GDP growth, the last government earlier tried to invest more in infrastructure development, considering it "very prestigious".

"I have earlier said only the infrastructure development will be like a skeleton without flesh and blood if we fail to develop our manpower," he reminds

"If we make delay in implementing projects, then price and time will get extended. You know that time is a big factor in the economy."

Prof Mahmud adds: "Some people think that their projects should not be stopped after some expenditure. However, we should consider-- how more funds will be spent and how much return we will get."

The adviser instructed the IMED to make a report on reasons behind 3-4 times revision of the projects, changing design at the middle and any negligence there.​