[🇵🇰] Pakistan Aircraft Industries.

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Assembly / Disassembly and Testing Facilities for Engine and Accessories

The capabilities related to Assembly / Disassembly and Testing Facilities for Engine and Accessories include: -

• Engines Assembly and Disassembly Docks
• Assembly and Disassembly benches for engine accessories
• Test Bed for ATAR, F100 and Turboprop Engines
• Oil and Fuel Accessories Test Benches
• Special Bearing and Kinematics checking facilities
• Static and Dynamic Balancing Machines
• Inspection services for all engines at MRF

Calibration Processes

The Calibration Processes available at Engine Group include: -

• Hygrometers
• Vernier Calipers
• Dial Test Indicator
• Gauge Blocks
• Weighing Scales / Masses
• 3-axis Measurements
• Analogue / Digital Multimeters
• Analogue / Digital AC / DC Power Supplies
• AC / DC Panels Meters
• Frequency Counters & Signal Generators
• Meggers / Insulation Meters
• Temperature Baths / Furnaces
• Temperature Gauges (with thermocouples)
• Torque Wrenches / Meters
• Pressure Gauges (Air/water/Hydraulic)

Documentation Processes

The Documentation Processes of Engine Group consists of: -

• Engine production software for tracking of Engines, Accessories, Parts and sub parts
• Repair, Inspection, Assembly and Testing controlled through software
• Technical Order Distribution Office
• Method Design Offices which establishes and controls Repair and Assembly schemes of all parts and accessories

 

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Avionics Production Factory, PAC Kamra

Ground Radars MRO

APF has comprehensive MRO facility for ground radars which includes overhauling and refurbishment of low and high level radar systems through antenna structural repairs, testing and refurbishment along with complete electronics testing, optimization and calibration. APFs continuous efforts in maintaining these systems ensures operational availability of PAF’s Air Defence.


Avionics Production

APF is a qualified Avionics system manufacturer. State of the art automated facilities are utilized for production, testing and environmental stress screening of Avionics systems to meet aircraft production needs. Today APF has capability to provide complete solution from initial concept to product qualification. A good number of fighter aircraft Avionics systems have been indigenously developed by APF and are operationally flying. Its state of the art generic production and testing line has produced.


Life Cycle Support

APF has an elaborated testing and repair facility for life cycle support of PAF avionics systems. Moreover, cost effective maintenance solutions are provided through indigenous testers development. APF forms the backbone of LCS Systems. Challenge of obsolescence is for vintage systems is being mitigated through indigenization efforts.

 

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Avionics Development

Indigenization is APF’s strategic focus and as part of the deletion program, APF developed core capability in hardware, software design & development of systems. APF, now is a proud OEM of multiple Avionics systems that have underwent completely indigenous development, from initial concept to final qualification.


Avionics Integration

APF holds the coveted status of certified Avionics integrator for advanced fighter jet and has independently integrated Avionics of PAF’s choice on fighter aircraft. The indigenous software release developed by APF provides a tremendous boost to operational and strike capabilities of PAF.

 

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AvRID

Aviation Research, Indigenization & Development

The office of DG AvRID has been established to transform into reality the Air Staff vision as stated above, with the long-term goal of developing our own fifth generation fighter aircraft (FGFA). Development of FGFA would be a major national program that would entail massive amount of work; not all of which may possibly be carried out within PAC, or even within Pakistan. Such large-scale development requires synergetic efforts from a number of industrial (public & private) and academic organizations to fulfill the enormous task. These efforts by themselves will enable development of technologies that will find applications in a number of other systems. The guiding motto will be “cooperation within, competition outside”.


In order to manage an engineering development program of this magnitude, an effective system covering the technical and management aspects needs to be put in place. A sound system engineering approach will have to be followed to ensure the technical health of the program backed by an equally sound project management effort to support it.

As the development of FGFA is a major program, it will have to be divided into a number of projects, for which separate project teams will have to be formed. One team would be working on core capabilities development, another on aircraft development, one on avionics development, yet another on facilities development, one on human resource development and so on.

There would be specialist teams for development of each system. Depending on the complexity of the systems, these teams would vary in the nature and extent of multi-disciplines. Some teams will be co-located while others would operate across different organizations. Similarly, certain functions will be performed by dedicated project teams while others by matrix teams.


Engineering Management & Support (EMS).

An elaborate plan for development of FGFA and associated technological capabilities will be prepared by DG AvRID. The plan will have to define the different projects within the program and define project teams and their plans in consultation with specialist resource personnel and organizations. The office would be responsible to manage the resources, schedules, risks and stakeholders throughout the program. It would also be responsible for establishing formal system engineering, configuration management and quality assurance processes within the participating teams and organizations. In order to carry out these functions, EMS activities will have to be appropriately organized within an EMS group in DG AvRID Secretariat and manned by qualified personnel: -


(a) Academia Industry Collaboration Office (AICO). For optimum utilization of resources available within academia and industry of the country and abroad.


(b) Systems Engineering Processes Office (SEPO). For training and audit of systems engineering and configuration management processes within participating organizations.


(c) Capability Development Office (CDO). For planning, assisting and tracking capability development encompassing facilities, technology and human resource.


(d) Quality Assurance and Certification Office (QACO). For training and audit of quality assurance and certification standards within participating organizations.


(e) Program Plans Office (PPO). For overall planning, budgeting and resource allocation.


(f) Program Execution Office (PEO). For program execution.


The office of DG AvRID will pursue an active engagement with the public and private sector for expanding the industrial base of the country to meet aviation requirements of Pakistan and to venture into the global aviation market for sustainable technical and economic growth. It will foster international collaboration and linkages to address critical technological gaps. It will also pursue HEC and higher education institutes to ensure that training needs in technologies critical to aviation industry are adequately identified and addressed. It will work with CAE, AU, NUST, IST and other institutes for utilization of their researchers, students, labs and alumni for conducting R&D in appropriate areas. The office will carry out its tasks through the following elements that report to it directly. Additional elements may be added if and when required.

 

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Project AZM.

This project aims to develop a fifth-generation fighter aircraft as per ASR requirements. As mentioned earlier, this is a major undertaking that will require synergetic participation of a large number of organizations and stakeholders. A phased but aggressive approach will be followed to overcome technical challenges as soon as they are identified. A number of challenges like materials, propulsion, sensors, mission systems etc. are already known and risk mitigation plans are being worked out. The strategy is to keep focus of the FGFA team on aircraft development while other elements of AvRID focus on providing the required technologies and systems for project success.


Aviation Design Institute (AvDI).

This institute has been established to develop the core multidisciplinary technologies required for any advanced air vehicle. It is envisaged to bring together experts with varied backgrounds (Aero, Elects, Wpns) and specialties (both Aerospace & Avionics) to work on areas like aerodynamics, antennas, fly-by-wire, payloads, sensor fusion, stealth, structures, etc. The institute undertakes projects that provide solutions in the immediate and short term and in doing so contribute to developing technologies for medium and long-term product development projects like FGF.


Mission Electronics Design Institute (MEDI).

This institute will develop critical technologies like high performance computing boards, advanced avionics interfaces etc. The technologies will be used for design & development of mission computers, flight control computers, etc. Considering the fast pace of development in the field of electronics leading to early obsolescence and the huge amount of data crunching onboard the FGFA, considerable challenges will have to be overcome.


Aero Structures Design Institute (ASDI).

This institute will be responsible for design and analysis of aero structures, including Damage Tolerance Analysis (DTA). It will also interact with the local industry and academia for identifying and developing materials required for aerospace related applications.


Advanced Technologies Centre (ATC).

This Centre will form the PAF element of the Faculty of Aerospace and Aviation Campus AU Kamra and will focus on MS and PhD programs in Aerospace and Avionics disciplines. These programs, in coordination with CAE and other institutes will provide the necessary human resource for programs like FGFA. They will also assist in setting up labs in critical areas and carry out focused research. Short courses in relevant areas will also be arranged.


Flight Test Centre (FTC).

The capability to carry out flight testing of developed systems and platforms will be eventually consolidated into a dedicated flight test Centre. It will assist and coordinate flight testing activities with customers. It would develop the procedures and protocols for flight testing and certification in coordination with development teams and certification authorities, as applicable.
AvRID Capabilities

Aviation City’s evolution transforms PAC Kamra into a teaching industry by bridging itself with co-located Air University Campus. Entire infrastructure of production, upgrade/ overhaul, research & development, qualification and certification would be opened to the students of Air University, thus equipping them with higher academic knowledge and professional skills. These students would be fully fielded in all such disciplines under collaborative supervision of Air University faculty and engineering leadership of the factories.

The multi-discipline research team at Aviation Research, Indigenization & Development (AvRID) Centre will include an effective mix of highly qualified and/or experienced specialists, who would leverage industrial and academic potential available to Kamra. This would put together components of industry and academia to build a high-end research center to enhance indigenization capability. AvRID at Kamra is destined to be the embodiment of this aim.

 

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Aircraft Rebuild Factory

The manufacturing resources of ARF are very comprehensive. Availability of highly skilled manpower with ongoing training programme abreast with the technological advancements is also the hallmark of ARF. The core capabilities of factory consist of:-

• Canopies & Wind Shields Manufacturing
• Harness Manufacturing
• Propeller & QEC Overhaul
• NDT and Metrology setup
• Precision Machining Complex
• Weapon Rebuild Facility
• Heat & Surface Treatment
• Sheet Metal Setup
• Rubber & Polymer Parts Manufacturing
• Spring Manufacturing
• Forging and Casting
• Aviation Standard Painting

Canopies and Windshields Manufacturing

Canopy and Windshield Center of Excellence (CoE) is an advanced facility established at ARF providing support primarily to Pakistan Air Force as well as venturing into commercial projects with different inland companies and friendly countries. The core capabilities of this facility include:

• Manufacturing, Repairing and overhauling of canopies, windshields and window panels of different fighter, trainer, helicopters and transport fleet aircraft.
• Precise cutting and transferring of holes in acrylic transparencies through 5 Axis CNC milling machine.
• Reverse Engineering of product through 3D scanning, CAD modeling on CATIA software and manufacturing of moulds / dies on CNC machining.
• Computerized Optical Quality inspection of formed transparencies.

 

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Harness Manufacturing and Rewiring Centre (HM&RC)

HM&RC is a Center of Excellence that is capable of manufacturing aviation standard manufacturing electrical harnesses using the latest materials and techniques. This facility is certified by a number of international companies including SAGEM, DERCO, AXON, CATIC and RAYCHEM.

• Manufacturing of harnesses as per OEM Standards for Chinese, French and American range aircraft
• Complete Wiring Conductivity / Insulation Resistance Tests
• Repair / Overhaul of Harnesses
• Re-Wiring solutions for helicopters & small aircraft

Propeller & QEC Overhaul

• Five yearly inspection of Dowty Propeller of SAAB 2000
• Overhaul of C-130 Propellers and QECs
  • Complete Disassembly and Rework
  • Assembly and Operational Checks
  • IOC Repair and Overhaul

Metrological Centre

• Calibration Facilities
  • Pressure Metrology
  • Absolute Pressure meters / testers, Standard Pressure meters / testers, Vacuum Meters, Hydraulic / Oxygen Pressure Gauges, Air Pressure Gauges, Pressure Sensors and Digital Pressure Meters.
  • Length & Geometric Metrology
  • Vernier calipers, DTIs, Micrometers, Gauge Blocks, Ring gauges and Plug gauges.
  • Electromagnetism Metrology
  • AC/DC Volt meters, Amp meters, AC Watt meter Resistance Boxes, Micro ohm meters and Electric Bridges, Microwave signal generator, Oscilloscope, Power meters, Attenuators and Frequency Counters, compass system and Stop Watches.
  • Temperature Metrology
  • Thermocouple, Thermometers, Temperature Indicators, Controllers and Recorders, Hygrometers.
  • Flow Metrology
  • Digital Flow Meters, Glass Flow Meters, Mass Flow Meters / Sensors and Fuel Flow Meters / Sensors.
  • Mass Metrology
  • Weights and Digital / Counter Balances
  • Volume Metrology
  • Glass Volume Meters like beakers, Pipette, Burette, etc.
  • Force Metrology
  • Tensile tester, Dynamometer, Hardness tester, Shore Hardness Testers, Force Gauges, Load Sensors, Spring Testers, Torque Wrenches and Torque Testers.
• Testing Facilities
  • Non-Destructive Testing Facilities
    • Magnetic Particles Testing
    • Portable 0~300 A, Stationary equipment 0~10000 A and Magnetic Yoke.
    • Penetrant Testing
    • Red dye Penetrant and Fluorescent Penetrant testing.
    • Radio Graphic Testing
    • Portable equipment 0~50 mm of steel, Stationary equipment 0~25 mm of steel.
    • Eddy Current Testing
    • Surface Scan Eddy Current Testing (SSEC) and Bolt Hole Eddy Current Testing of Aluminum and Steel.
    • Ultrasonic Testing
    • Ultrasonic inspetion of Aluminium and steel parts by using Ultrasonic Flaw Detector.
  • Destructive Testing Facilities
    • Physical Properties Testing
    • Tensile, Compression, Bending, Shearing, Hardness and Impact Strength.
    • Metallographic Testing
    • Testing of Macro / Micro Structure of Metallic Materials.
    • Chemical Analysis
    • Determination of % age of elements in Ferrous and Aluminum Alloys.
• Aerospace Material Characterization Facility
  • Surface Treatment Assessment (Ultrasonic Thickness Meter)
  • Determination of Hardness (after sample preparation)
  • Chemical Composition Analysis (after sample preparation)
  • Metallography
  • Microstructure Examination, Evaluation & Interpretation
  • Materials Equivalent Study
  • Material Heat Treatment Study

Precision Machining Complex

• CAD / CAM based CNC programming (CATIA)
• CNC 3 to 4 Axis Milling Machines
• CNC Turning & Milling Machines
• Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) for inspection
• CNC Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Machine

Weapon Rebuild Complex

• Overhaul of Chinese aircraft Alternate Mission Equipment (AMEs) Ejection Seats and aircraft guns
• Overhaul & Qualification of all available Ejector Units (ERUs) of F-7P, F-7PG, K-8 and JF-17 aircraft
• Provision of Depot level maintenance / overhaul support of Armament GSE / GHE
• To undertake Indigenization and development tasks in the domain of Weapon and armament, especially in the field of standoff long-range Precision Guided Munitions and laser Guided Bomb Kits
• Overhaul of F-16 and Mirage Aircraft Alternate Mission Equipment (AMEs)
• Overhaul & Qualification of all available Ejector Units (ERUs) of F-16 and Mirage aircrafts
• Manufacturing of JF-17 Universal Outboard Station Pylon (UOSP)

Heat & Surface Treatment Facility

• Heat Treatment
  • Hardening, Tempering, Quenching, Normalizing & Carbonizing
• Surface Treatment
  • Zinc, Chromium, Cadmium, Nickle, Tin, Copper, Silver and Shine Nickle Plating
  • Hard, Sulphuric Acid, Chromic Acid, Red, Green, Blue & Black Color Anodizing
  • Bluing & Acid Pickling
  • Oxidation of Aluminum / Magnesium

Sheet Metal Setup

The factory has an elaborate sheet metal facility in which more than 2300 parts of different variants of Chinese aircraft and drop tanks are formed. The basic processes include pressing, bending, turning, crafting and shrinking. State of the art machines including CNC spinning machine, Hydraulic presses (315&70 ton) and Deburring machines are available at the facility.

Rubber and Polymer Parts

ARF has a well-equipped rubber parts manufacturing facility for all the Chinese weapon systems which is not only providing support to Pakistan Air Force, PAC factories but is also meeting the requirements of all GOH related rubber parts manufacturing processes. The facility is capable of producing about 1300 different type of rubber parts (“O” ring, Gasket, Washers, Seals, Spacers etc). The basic processes involve in the manufacturing of rubber parts are:

• Compounding
• Vulcanizing
• Rubberizing
• Cutting

Spring Manufacturing

In the field of spring manufacturing, the factory has acquired the skill to fulfill the requirement of springs being used during overhauling of an aircraft. These include torsion, tension and compression springs.


Forging and Casting

ARF has a well-equipped forging facility which is sufficient to meet the requirements of all GOH related forging processes. Casting of ferrous and nonferrous parts up to 120 kg in weight can also be carried out.

Aviation Standard Painting / De-painting

Painting and de-painting facility is being utilized for on all the aircraft being overhauled at ARF. This includes internal and external aviation standard painting of various areas of the aircraft.

 

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Pakistan Certified To Repair SAAB AWACS​

Damaged SAAB Erieye undergoing repairs at Pakistan Aeronautical Complex

Pakistan has been certified to build and conduct repair works of Swedish firm SAAB’s Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS).

“For the first time in history, Swedish SAAB AWACS were built from scratch by another country, even to the disbelief of SAAB itself... who had declared the project technically impossible,” .

SAAB’s Erieye radar system is an Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) system that uses active electronically scanned array (AESA) technology.

The Erieye Ground Interface Segment is a major component of the software used by the Erieye system.

 

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JF-17 THUNDER AIRCRAFT

JF-17 Thunder is an advanced, light-weight, all weather, day / night multi-role fighter aircraft; developed as a joint venture between Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC), Kamra and Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation (CAC) of China. It possesses excellent air-to-air and air-to-surface combat capabilities. The state-of-the art avionics, optimally integrated sub-systems, computerized flight controls and capability to employ latest weapons provides decisive advantage to JF-17 over adversaries of same class.

This, all weather, multi-role light combat fighter has remarkable high combat maneuverability at medium and low altitudes. With effective firepower, agility and combat survivability, the aircraft is likely to emerge as a potent platform for any air force.

Progress

The first JF-17 prototype aircraft (called FC-1) was rolled out in May 2003. It made its first flight in August 2003. Later on, two more prototype aircraft were added for basic structure, flight qualities, performance and engine flight testing while two prototype aircraft were involved in comprehensive avionics flight testing.

The basic flight testing was completed in 2007 which also marked the arrival of JF-17 Thunder aircraft in Pakistan where it was formally presented to the nation as a Pakistan Day gift on 23 March 2007.

Over the years, 03 Blocks of JF-17 including Dual seat aircraft have been produced at PAC with continuous improvement and up gradation in the Avionics suite, flight controls and weapons carrying capability. The JF-17 aircraft was formally inducted in Pakistan Air Force by replacing aging fleet and currently 07 Squadrons of PAF are operating JF-17 aircraft.

Production

Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) holds 58% work share of JF-17 airframe co-production. A comprehensive infrastructure comprising state of the art machines and required skilled human resource has very quickly been developed at the Complex. The final assembly and flight testing of the aircraft was the first JF-17 co-production activity to start at PAC.

The first PAC produced aircraft was handed over to Pakistan Air Force in November 2009. Since then, aircraft are being produced regularly to meet the required schedule. The co-production of sub-assemblies and structural parts subsequently commenced and has sequentially attained the sustained production status.

Besides upgrading the production system, PAC has also upgraded its quality, technology and archive management systems to meet the production and management standards of a 4th generation fighter aircraft.

Specifications

Physical Parameters

Length 47 ft -- Height 15 ft-- Wingspan 31 ft-- Empty Weight 7965 Kg

Performance Parameters

Maximum Take Off Weight 13500 Kg
Max Mach No 1.6
Maximum Speed 700 Knots IAS
Service Ceiling 55,500 ft
Thrust to Weight Ratio 1.07
Maximum Engine Thrust 19,000 lbs
G Limit +8/-3
Ferry Range 1,880 NM

Armament
No of Stations 08
Total Load Capacity 3400 KG

Design Features
Aerodynamic Configuration

Bifurcated side air inlet with incorporation of latest
BUMP intake technology for improved performance
Leading edge maneuvering flaps
Trailing edge flaps
Twin Ventral Fins
Landing Gear
Nose gear with steering
Main gear with paddle controlled hydraulic brakes and
anti-skid braking system.
Comfortable Cockpit Escape and Egress System
NVG compatible cockpit conforming to US MIL
Standard, suitable for 3% to 98% percentile range of pilots.
Single Piece Stretch Acrylic Transparent Canopy providing a good all-around Field of View

Ejection Seat

Latest Martin Baker high performance ejection seat
Canopy Severance System for additional safety
French Oxygen Regulation System
Passive Leg Restraint System
Environment Control System and Oxygen System
Effective control of cockpit pressure and temperature
Effective temperature and humidity control of cockpit
and avionics for optimum performance
Efficient Anti G system for Pilot

Flight Control System

Flight control system of JF-17 Block-III aircraft is a full authority, three axis, and quad redundant digital fly by wire system
Quad-redundancy in Fly By Wire System
Autopilot, Auto spin recovery and Auto TEF controls

Fuel System

Total internal fuel 5400 lb (3000 liters)
Single point pressure refueling system
External Fuel
One centre line drop tank 800 liters
Two under wing drop tanks 800/1100 liters

Avionics Suite

The avionics suite makes the JF-17 an effective weapon platform. The glass cockpit and hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) controls reduce pilot workload. Accurate navigation and weapon aiming information on the head up display helps the pilot achieve his mission effectively.

The multifunction displays provide information on engine, fuel, hydraulics, electrical, flight control and environmental control system on a need-to-know basis along with basic flight and tactical information.

The capability has been built around highly modern state-of-the-art avionics equipment that can undertake high-tech aerial warfare in an all-weather operations, detecting/tracking/locating by AESA Radar in complicated ECM environment ensuring improved Short-Range Air-to-Air and Beyond Visual Range multi-target attack capability.

The salient avionics equipment is as follows:

Dual redundant mission computers
Dual redundant 1553 Mux bus architecture
AESA Radar capable of tracking multiple targets with prioritized firing
In-built self-protection jamming
Internal and external SPJ suites
Ring laser gyro inertial navigation system tied with GPS
Smart head up display with up front control panel and 28 Degrees FoV
Color video recording camera and video recorder
HOTAS
Three smart multi-function color displays
Helmet Mounted Display
Radar Altimeter
Combined Interrogator/Transponder
Live Virtual Construct (LVC)
Tactical Data Link
VHF / UHF Communication System

Weapons Capability

The aircraft is fitted with modern Stores Management System incorporating accurate weapon delivery modes and solutions involving minimum pilot workload. The aircraft is capable of carrying some of the most modern as well as conventional weapons, including:

Beyond visual range active missiles
Highly agile Imaging infrared short range missiles
Air to sea missiles
Anti radiation missiles
Laser guided weapons
Runway penetration bombs
Stand-off weapons
General purpose bombs
Training bombs
23 mm double barrel gun
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PAC.ORG.PK

 

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AIRCRAFT MRO​

JF-17 AIRCRAFT MRO​

Established since 2017, JF-17 aircraft MRO at Aircraft Rebuild Factory is the sole organization in the world for overhauling JF-17 aircraft. New JF-17 MRO hangar has been established which is having 16 aircraft docks capacity including two environmental controlled docks and 02 overhead cranes of 05 tons capacity each.

Each dock is equipped with dedicated electric and pneumatic power supply, fire suppression system and ground support equipment. It is capable to annually produce 16 aircraft. The overhauling of JF-17 aircraft also includes establishment / upgradation of aircraft painting / de-painting, components overhauling, AME overhauling and spares manufacturing facilities to meet the standards of advanced state of the art overhauling facilities.

Overhauling of JF-17 aircraft​

Overhauling process of JF-17 aircraft consists of a series of stages including de-painting, disassembly, on-board inspection, assembly and functional check flights.

After disassembly, aircraft electro-mechanical and avionics components are overhauled at shops in Components Rebuild Group (CRG), while pipes related to different aircraft systems such as hydraulic system, pneumatic system, environmental control system are overhauled by Production Support Group (PSG). Weapon Rebuild Group (WRG) overhauls the aircraft major weapon system components such as ejection seat, pylons, and launchers.

During onboard inspection of aircraft, inspection and repair of complete aircraft structure with the help of various non-destructive testing (NDT) methods is carried out to ensure structural integrity and health. Inspection of all pipes and electric looms that are not disassembled is also carried out in this phase. After completion of onboard inspection, corrosion treatment and internal painting of aircraft structure is carried out.

During assembly phase, complete aircraft system buildup including installation of components, pipes, cables, rods is carried out at different phases. Operational checks of aircraft systems such as hydraulic system, pneumatic system, electric system is also carried out as per phase wise plan.

After complete operational checks of all aircraft systems, fly-by-wire flight control system of aircraft is checked using a Movable Ground Test Facility (MGTF). The aircraft is then released for functional check flights to conduct aerial tests of aircraft for complete systems verification. After checks flights, aircraft is painted and handed over to user.

In addition to overhauling of aircraft, JF-17 MRO is well equipped with trained manpower and necessary resources in order to undertake any major structural modification and upgradation of aircraft systems which are issued by OEM. Some major structural modifications and system upgradation include reinforcement of fuselage frame 9040, reinforcement of ventral fin, SBP to SP upgradation, Wing Rib-7 reinforcement using composite, DEFIS upgradation and ECS system modification.